scholarly journals COVID-19 Transmission, Current Treatment, and Future Therapeutic Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrishali S. Salian ◽  
Jessica A. Wright ◽  
Peter T. Vedell ◽  
Sanjana Nair ◽  
Chenxu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies

scholarly journals Local Delivery and Glioblastoma: Why Not Combining Sustained Release and Targeting?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Gazaille ◽  
Marion Sicot ◽  
Patrick Saulnier ◽  
Joël Eyer ◽  
Guillaume Bastiat
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Major Benefit ◽  
Local Strategy

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive brain tumors and is associated with a very low overall median survival despite the current treatment. The standard of care used in clinic is the Stupp's protocol which consists of a maximal resection of the tumor when possible, followed by radio and chemotherapy using temozolomide. However, in most cases, glioblastoma cells infiltrate healthy tissues and lead to fatal recurrences. There are a lot of hurdles to overcome in the development of new therapeutic strategies such as tumor heterogeneity, cell infiltration, alkylating agent resistance, physiological barriers, etc., and few treatments are on the market today. One of them is particularly appealing because it is a local therapy, which does not bring additional invasiveness since tumor resection is included in the gold standard treatment. They are implants: the Gliadel® wafers, which are deposited post-surgery. Nevertheless, in addition to presenting important undesirable effects, it does not bring any major benefit in the therapy despite the strategy being particularly attractive. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma using an implant-type approach. The combination of this local strategy with effective targeting of the tumor microenvironment as a whole, also developed in this review, may be of interest to alleviate some of the obstacles encountered in the treatment of glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Genetics, Epigenetics, Cellular Immunology, and Gut Microbiota: Emerging Links With Graves’ Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyu Zhou ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Lingjun Wang ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Guiqin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Cellular Immunology ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Graves’ disease (GD) is a well-known organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos. The incidence of GD is approximately 2.0–3.0% in China and 0.5–2.0% in Western countries. Due to the complex pathogenesis and etiology of GD, current treatment methods have great side effects that seriously endanger human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the pathogenesis of GD. Various studies have shown that genetics, epigenetics, cellular immunology, and gut microbiota are all involved in the development of GD. Genetically, CD25 gene and VDR gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of GD by increasing the ratio of Th17/Treg cells. Epigenetically, miR-23a-3p and lncRNA-MEG3 lead to Th17/Treg imbalance and participate in the progression of GD. Moreover, commensal microbe deletion can disrupt Th17/Treg balance and participate in the occurrence of GD. The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells induced by genetics, epigenetics, and gut microbiota plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of GD. Therefore, this article reviews the role of genetics, epigenetics, cellular immunology, and gut microbiota in the pathogenic mechanism of GD. This may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and providing promising therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Novel Strategies for Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization in Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9673
Author(s):  
Henry Ruiz-Garcia ◽  
Cristopher Ramirez-Loera ◽  
Timothy D. Malouff ◽  
Danushka S. Seneviratne ◽  
Joshua D. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Preoperative Radiation ◽  
Treatment Paradigm ◽  
Antitumor Properties

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the cornerstones in the current treatment paradigm for glioblastoma (GBM). However, little has changed in the management of GBM since the establishment of the current protocol in 2005, and the prognosis remains grim. Radioresistance is one of the hallmarks for treatment failure, and different therapeutic strategies are aimed at overcoming it. Among these strategies, nanomedicine has advantages over conventional tumor therapeutics, including improvements in drug delivery and enhanced antitumor properties. Radiosensitizing strategies using nanoparticles (NP) are actively under study and hold promise to improve the treatment response. We aim to describe the basis of nanomedicine for GBM treatment, current evidence in radiosensitization efforts using nanoparticles, and novel strategies, such as preoperative radiation, that could be synergized with nanoradiosensitizers.

scholarly journals Clocks in the clinic: circadian rhythms in health and disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1117) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael M Kelly ◽  
Ultan Healy ◽  
Seamus Sreenan ◽  
John H McDermott ◽  
Andrew N Coogan
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated recurring patterns of around 24 hours with well-established roles in physiology and behaviour. These circadian clocks are important in both the aetiology and treatment of various psychiatric and metabolic diseases. To maintain physiological homeostasis and optimal functioning, living life synchronised to these clocks is desirable; modern society, however, promotes a ‘24/7’ lifestyle where activity often occurs during the body’s ‘biological night’, resulting in mistimed sleep and circadian misalignment. This circadian desynchrony can increase the risk of disease and can also influence treatment response. Clinicians should be aware of the influence that circadian desynchrony can have on health and disease, in order to potentially develop new therapeutic strategies and to incorporate chronotherapeutics into current treatment strategies to enhance their utility.

scholarly journals Understanding and managing atherosclerotic renovascular disease: still a work in progress

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Alejandro R. Chade
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Renovascular Disease ◽  
Renal Angioplasty ◽  
Vascular Obstruction ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) is an unresolved therapeutic dilemma despite extensive pre-clinical and clinical studies. The pathophysiology of the disease has been widely studied, and many factors that may be involved in progressive renal injury and cardiovascular risk associated with ARVD have been identified. However, therapies and clinical trials have focused largely on attempts to resolve renal artery stenosis without considering the potential need to treat the renal parenchyma beyond the obstruction. The results of these trials show a staggering consistence: although nearly 100% of the patients undergoing renal angioplasty show a resolution of the vascular obstruction, they do not achieve significant improvements in renal function or blood pressure control compared with those patients receiving medical treatment alone. It seems that we may need to take a step back and reconsider the pathophysiology of the disease in order to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. This mini-review discusses potential therapeutic alternatives that focus on the renal parenchyma distal to the vascular obstruction and may provide additional tools to enhance current treatment of ARVD.

scholarly journals Current Therapeutics and Future Perspectives to Ocular Melanocytic Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Tarcísio Guerra Guimarães ◽  
Karla Menezes Cardoso ◽  
Pedro Tralhão ◽  
Carlos Miguel Marto ◽  
Nuno Alexandre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Loss ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Benign Lesions

Neoplasms of melanocytic origin are diseases relevant to dogs and cats’ ophthalmic oncology due to their incidence, potential visual loss, and consequent decrease in life quality and expectancy. Despite its non-specific clinical presentation, melanocytic neoplasms can be histologically distinguished in melanocytomas, which present benign characteristics, and malignant melanomas. The diagnosis often occurs in advanced cases, limiting the therapeutic options. Surgery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and laser are currently available therapeutic strategies. As no clinical guidelines are available, the treatment choice is primarily based on the clinician’s preference, proficiency, and the owner’s financial constraints. While surgery is curative in benign lesions, ocular melanomas present a variable response to treatments, besides the potential of tumour recurrences or metastatic disease. This review presents the currently available therapies for ocular melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats, describing the therapeutic, indications, and limitations. Additionally, new therapeutics being developed are presented and discussed, as they can improve the current treatment options.

scholarly journals New therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 474-490
Author(s):  
Dominika Nowak ◽  
Wojciech Słupski ◽  
Maria Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Hyperphosphorylated Tau Protein ◽  
Glutamatergic Signaling ◽  
Amyloid Cascade

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) described as a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disease remains the most common cause of dementia. Due to the aging of the population, the incurability of AD has become a growing problem of medicine in the 21stcentury. Current treatment is only symptomatic, providing minimal, temporary improvement in the patient’s cognitive function. This paper presents the latest trends in the search for effective pharmacotherapy capable of preventing or inhibiting AD progression. Since the exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is not known, the main therapeutic strategies are based only on the following hypotheses: amyloid cascade, tau protein, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and those associated with dysfunction of the cholinergic system as well as glutamatergic. Most of the compounds currently tested in clinical trials are targeted at pathological amyloid β (A β), which is considered the cause of neurodegeneration, according to the most widely described cascade theory. Most of the compounds currently tested in clinical trials are targeted at pathological amyloid β (Aβ), which is the main cause of neurodegeneration according to the widely described theory of the amyloid cascade. Attempts to fight the toxic Aβ are based on the following: immunotherapy (vaccines, monoclonal antibodies), compounds that inhibit its formation: γ-secretase inhibitors/modulators and β-secretase. Immunotherapy can also be us,ed to increase the clearance of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, the occurrence of which is another feature of Alzheimer’s disease. In addition to immunotherapy, anti-inflammatory, metabolic and neuroprotective compounds have been the subject of a number of studies. A range of symptomatic compounds that improve cognitive functions by compensating cholinergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic signaling deficits have also been investigated in clinical trials.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

Current concepts of the interventional treatment of proximal supraaortic vessel stenosis

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernemann ◽  
Bender ◽  
Melms ◽  
Brechtel ◽  
Kobba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Brachiocephalic Artery ◽  
Treatment Concepts ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting

Interventional therapies using angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic stenosis of the proximal supraaortic vessels have evolved as safe and effective treatment strategies. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current treatment concepts for stenosis in the subclavian and brachiocephalic artery with regard to clinical indication, interventional technique including selection of the appropriate vascular approach and type of stent, angiographic and clinical short-term and long-term results and follow-up. The role of hybrid interventions for tandem stenoses of the carotid bifurcation and brachiocephalic artery is analysed. A systematic review of data for angioplasty and stenting of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis is discussed with a special focus on restenosis rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document