A Pseudo-Michaelis Quaternary Complex in the Reverse Reaction of a Ligase:  Structure ofEscherichia coliB Glutathione Synthetase Complexed with ADP, Glutathione, and Sulfate at 2.0 Å Resolution†,‡

Biochemistry ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (37) ◽  
pp. 11967-11974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takane Hara ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Yukiteru Katsube ◽  
Jun'ichi Oda
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Reaction ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Quaternary Complex

scholarly journals Hemolytic anemia, recurrent metabolic acidosis, and incomplete albinism associated with glutathione synthetase deficiency

Blood ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
JT Prchal ◽  
WM Crist ◽  
M Roper ◽  
VP Wellner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Synthetase Deficiency ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency ◽  
Febrile Episodes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Generalized Type

Abstract The clinical and laboratory features of a 3-mo-old black male infant with glutathione (GSH) synthetase deficiency of the generalized type was evaluated. Partial albinism, brisk hemolytic anemia, recurrent febrile episodes, and mental retardation were noted. Also, severe recurrent metabolic acidosis and marked oxoprolinemia and oxoprolinuria were found in the proband but not in his first-degree relatives. The relationship of these disease manifestations to the underlying metabolic defect is discussed.

scholarly journals The kinetics of hœmoglobin VI -The competition of carbon monoxide and oxygen for hœmoglobin

1934 ◽  
Vol 115 (795) ◽  
pp. 473-495 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reverse Reaction ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Broad Outline

The experimental part of the research to be described below is given in two main sections. Of these Section 1 deals with the results obtained in measurements of the rate of displacement of oxygen from combination with hœmoglobin by carbon monoxide. Section 2 gives, in corresponding fashion, the results for the reverse reaction, namely, the displacement of carbon monoxide from combination with hœmoglobin by oxygen. The theoretical aspects of theses two reactions have already been dealt with in broad outline at the end of Part IV, with which it will be assumed that the reader is fully acquainted. Some further considerations, however, arise and these are given in Section 3 of the present paper.

scholarly journals A Unique GTP-Dependent Sporulation Sensor Histidine Kinase in Bacillus anthracis

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Scaramozzino ◽  
Andrea White ◽  
Marta Perego ◽  
James A. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Reverse Reaction ◽  
Forward Reaction ◽  
Critical Signal ◽  
Sensor Histidine Kinase ◽  
Virulence Plasmids ◽  
Kinase Catalytic Domain

ABSTRACT The Bacillus anthracis BA2291 gene codes for a sensor histidine kinase involved in the induction of sporulation. Genes for orthologs of the sensor domain of the BA2291 kinase exist in virulence plasmids in this organism, and these proteins, when expressed, inhibit sporulation by converting BA2291 to an apparent phosphatase of the sporulation phosphorelay. Evidence suggests that the sensor domains inhibit BA2291 by titrating its activating signal ligand. Studies with purified BA2291 revealed that this kinase is uniquely specific for GTP in the forward reaction and GDP in the reverse reaction. The G1 motif of BA2291 is highly modified from ATP-specific histidine kinases, and modeling this motif in the structure of the kinase catalytic domain suggested how guanine binds to the region. A mutation in the putative coiled-coil linker between the sensor domain and the catalytic domains was found to decrease the rate of the forward autophosphorylation reaction and not affect the reverse reaction from phosphorylated Spo0F. The results suggest that the activating ligand for BA2291 is a critical signal for sporulation and in a limited concentration in the cell. Decreasing the response to it either by slowing the forward reaction through mutation or by titration of the ligand by expressing the plasmid-encoded sensor domains switches BA2291 from an inducer to an inhibitor of the phosphorelay and sporulation.

scholarly journals Cooperative assembly of a four-molecule signaling complex formed upon T cell antigen receptor activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (51) ◽  
pp. E11914-E11923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asit Manna ◽  
Huaying Zhao ◽  
Junya Wada ◽  
Lakshmi Balagopalan ◽  
Harichandra D. Tagad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
T Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
Phospholipase Cγ1 ◽  
Quaternary Complex

The T cell antigen receptor encounters foreign antigen during the immune response. Receptor engagement leads to activation of specific protein tyrosine kinases, which then phosphorylate multiple enzymes and adapter proteins. One such enzyme, phospholipase-Cγ1, is responsible for cleavage of a plasma membrane lipid substrate, a phosphoinositide, into two second messengers, diacylglycerol, which activates several enzymes including protein kinase C, and an inositol phosphate, which induces intracellular calcium elevation. In T cells, phospholipase-Cγ1 is recruited to the plasma membrane as part of a four-protein complex containing three adapter molecules. We have used recombinant proteins and synthetic phosphopeptides to reconstitute this quaternary complex in vitro. Extending biophysical tools to study concurrent interactions of the four protein components, we demonstrated the formation and determined the composition of the quaternary complex using multisignal analytical ultracentrifugation, and we characterized the thermodynamic driving forces of assembly by isothermal calorimetry. We demonstrate that the four proteins reversibly associate in a circular arrangement of binding interfaces, each protein interacting with two others. Three interactions are of high affinity, and the fourth is of low affinity, with the assembly of the quaternary complex exhibiting significant enthalpy–entropy compensation as in an entropic switch. Formation of this protein complex enables subsequent recruitment of additional molecules needed to activate phospholipase-Cγ1. Understanding the formation of this complex is fundamental to full characterization of a central pathway in T cell activation. Such knowledge is critical to developing ways in which this pathway can be selectively inhibited.

Kinetics of the diels-alder addition of ethene to cyclohexa-1,3-diene and its reverse reaction in the gas phase

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Huybrechts ◽  
D. Rigaux ◽  
J. Vankeerberghen ◽  
B. Van Mele
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Reverse Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Alcoholic Stem Extract ofCoscinium fenestratumRegulates Carbohydrate Metabolism and Improves Antioxidant Status in Streptozotocin–Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Punitha ◽  
K. Rajendran ◽  
Arun Shirwaikar ◽  
Annie Shirwaikar
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Gluconeogenic Enzyme ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Alcoholic extract of the stems ofCoscinium fenestratum, a medicinal plant indigenous to India and Sri Lanka used in ayurveda and siddha medicine for treating diabetes, was studied for its carbohydrate metabolism effect and antioxidant status in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Oral administration ofC. fenestratumstem extract in graded doses caused a significant increase in enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione synthetase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase and in the nonenzymatic antioxidants ascorbic acid, ceruloplasmin and tocopherol. Effects of alcoholic extract on glycolytic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and hexokinase showed a significant increase in their levels, whereas a significant decrease was observed in the levels of gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase in treated diabetic rats. Serum creatinine and urea levels also declined significantly. This investigation demonstrates significant antidiabetic activity ofC. fenestratum.

Enhancement of Glutathione Content in Glutathione Synthetase-Deficient Fibroblasts from a Patient with 5-Oxoprolinuria via Metabolic Cooperation with Normal Fibroblasts

1994 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance J. Kavanagh ◽  
Ganesh Raghu ◽  
Collin C. White ◽  
George M. Martin ◽  
Peter S. Rabinovitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Metabolic Cooperation

scholarly journals Intestinal Barrier Function and Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Additional Arginine, Combination of Arginine and Glutamine or an Amino Acid-Based Solution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2416
Author(s):  
Reza Barekatain ◽  
Tristan Chalvon-Demersay ◽  
Clive McLaughlan ◽  
William Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Glutathione Synthetase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of arginine (Arg); the combination of Arg and glutamine (Gln); as well as an amino acid-based solution (MIX) containing Arg, Gln, threonine (Thr), and grape extract, on performance, intestinal permeability, and expression of selected mechanistic genes. Using 240 male Ross 308 off-sex broiler chickens, four experimental treatments were replicated six times with 10 birds per replicate. The experimental treatments included 5 g/kg Arg, 2.5 g/kg Arg and 2.5 g/kg Gln, and 1 g/kg MIX added to a basal diet as control. In the second study, the four dietary treatments were then given to 24 birds with or without a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), as a gut dysfunction model. Feed conversion ratio was improved by all the supplemented treatments from day 7 to 35 of age (p < 0.001). DEX injections increased (p < 0.001) the intestinal permeability in all treatments, which tended to be reversed by Arg or MIX. Additional Arg, Arg-Gln, and MIX suppressed (p < 0.05) the overexpression of IL-1β generated by DEX. Feeding birds with MIX treatment increased (p < 0.05) expression of SGLT-1 and glutathione synthetase. In conclusion, tested amino acid supplements were effective in improving feed efficiency and restraining intestinal inflammation caused by DEX through IL-1β pathway.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Reverse Reaction Phenomena in Shifting Human Body Weight

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru OHNISHI ◽  
Kazuo TSUCHIYA ◽  
Koji ITO ◽  
Masami ITO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Reverse Reaction
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