Basicity of the solvent as the main factor determining the stability of iron/sulfido thiolato [Fe4S4(SR)4]- cluster ions in solution

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 3231-3234 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Blonk ◽  
O. Kievit ◽  
E. K. H. Roth ◽  
J. Jordanov ◽  
J. G. M. Van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Ions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Main Factor

ETHNIC AND REGIONAL PARTIES IN THE CEE COUNTRIES: SPECIAL FEATURES AND TRAJECTORIES OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Petr Panov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Regional Parties ◽  
Ethnic Parties ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Level Government

In recent decades, in the context of the transformation of national states and the development of multi-level government, there has been an increase in ethnic/regional political parties in Europe. Ethno-regionalism in the CEE countries has a specific basis related to their imperial past, but despite the similarities, each country has special features concerning the strength of parties, their demands and development. The analysis of the most significant ethnic/regional parties in the CEE countries shows that the main factor affecting their strength is the ethnic structure of the population, especially if it is combined with intense ethnic identity, and the ethnic minority has a historical experience of autonomy/statehood. A favorable combination of these factors results in the stability of the electoral strength of ethnic parties, which makes them an important player in the political arena. Concerning the demands of ethnic parties, it has been confirmed that the localization of the respective ethnic minority has a significant effect. If it is in one administrative unit, it stimulates regionalist aspirations; if it dwells in some compactly located administrative units, an ethnic party usually promotes cross-regionalist demands to create a new region. Under conditions of dispersed localization of a minority, an ethnic party does not put forward regionalist claims.

scholarly journals Effect of YAl2 Particles on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg–Li Matrix Composite in NaCl Solution

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Chen ◽  
Chonggao Bao ◽  
Guoqing Wu ◽  
Yongxin Jian ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Interface Layer ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Main Factor

The strength of Mg–Li alloy is greatly improved by the composite strengthening of intermetallic compound YAl2 particles, but the low corrosion resistance of Mg–Li alloy is still the main factor that restricts the application of the alloy and its composites. In this paper, the effect of YAl2 particles on the corrosion behavior of Mg–Li alloy was systematically investigated. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of YAl2p/LA143 composite could be significantly improved, accounting for the formation of a transitional interface layer by adding YAl2 particles. The diffusion of yttrium and aluminum atoms from YAl2 particulates improved the stability of the surface film and enhanced the adhesion between the corrosion products and the substrate, which hindered further expansion of pitting.

scholarly journals Physical and mechanical properties of the rocks of the Starobinsky deposit forming the Third potash layer and its roof

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-494
Author(s):  
A. B. Petrovsky ◽  
V. Ya. Prushak ◽  
E. A. Lutovich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Roof Falling ◽  
Main Factor

The geological structure and the physical-mechanical properties of rocks composing and overlapping the Third potash formation in the areas of the mine field mine No. 4 JSC Belaruskali, which are scheduled to practice, are studied. The geological sections of the Third potash layer and its roof were built, the thickness of sylvinite and halite layers was measured, the roof falling of the rocks of the layer with a height of up to 20 m was assessed, and the type of immediate roof was determined by the composition and structure of its constituent rocks. It was established that the strength under uniaxial compression of both sylvinite and halite layers for the areas under consideration differs slightly. Therefore, to solve engineering problems of ensuring the stability of mine workings and to calculate fastening parameters, strength values averaged over the groups of layers can be used that correlate well with the percentage of weak and clay interlayers. The same applies to Poisson’s ratio, the values of which for various layers of formation are slightly different and can be taken by their averaging. It is shown that the main factor that negatively affects the strength of rocks occurring in the roof of the Third potash seam is the presence of weak and clay interlayers, which increases with depth. The introduction of the obtained results allows us to improve the calculation accuracy of securing mining parameters, to reduce the costs of their maintenance, and to improve the safety of mining operations in developing the Third potash formation in complex geological and mining conditions.

scholarly journals APLIKASI METODE AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) PADA PERAMALAN STABILITAS BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Rosyidah Rosyidah ◽  
Raditya Sukmana
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
International Financial Crisis ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Forecasting Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Retained Earnings ◽  
Main Factor

The international financial crisis in has increased the world's interest in Islamic banking. Forecasting the stability of Islamic Banks is important to prevent cost crisis in the future. Z-score can explain the possible bankruptcy of a bank that measures the number of standard deviations a return realization has to fall in order to deplete equity. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) has the advantage of accuracy and precision in forecasting. Analysis result showed that ARIMA (24,1,5) is the best model for forecastng the z-score of the Islamic bank with the following equation: ̇ ̇ ̇The model was used to predict predicts the z-score from September 2016 to December 2017. The result showed that z-score of Islamic banks have a downward trend until January 2017 and upward trend from June until November 2017 and then drop in December 2017. The main factor is the changes of retained earnings at each period.

scholarly journals Non-University Mass Student Public Associations: Institutional Isomorphism as a Factor of Stability

2022 ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
M. A. Kashina ◽  
V. R. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Factors ◽  
University Student ◽  
Institutional Isomorphism ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Quality Design ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

The relevance of this research is about the need to search for factors that increase the stability of youth associations, including student ones. Only stable youth associations can effectively socialize young people and form them as active actors in civil society. The project is a desk study and has a quality design.Object: non-university mass student public associations. They were created in Russia in the 60s of the twentieth century: student building brigades (SSO) and student nature protective brigades (DOP). Subject: institutional isomorphism of non-university student public associations. Purpose: to assess the impact of character and the degree of isomorphism of student public associations on their stability.Research results. It is shown that the main factor in the stability of student public associations is the level of their compliance with institutional requirements. It leads to forced isomorphism. The cause of this isomorphism is the monopoly of sources of support for the activities of these associations. In Russia, the state has such a monopoly. Student associations must take into account the institutional factors, in particular the requirements of higher-level systems and institutions. It gives them the necessary resources to continue their activities. Intra-organizational factors (level of social significance, charisma of leaders, mass character, and others) are less important for ensuring their sustainability.

Tristable Energy Harvesters With Asymmetric Potential Wells: Analytical Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengxi Zhou ◽  
Lei Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Harmonic Excitation ◽  
Potential Wells ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Excitation Conditions ◽  
Main Factor

In order to reveal the nonlinear response characteristics of asymmetric tristable energy harvesters, this paper originally deduces their complete harmonic balance solutions. In addition, the Jacobian matrix for determining the stability of these analytical solutions is presented. Under different harmonic excitation conditions, the multi-solution response characteristics of asymmetric tristable energy harvesters are analyzed. In detail, asymmetric tristable energy harvesters are found to have seven solutions (four stable solutions) under the appropriate excitation condition. The influence mechanism of asymmetry of potential wells on tristable energy harvesting performance is studied. The results show that the potential barrier is a main factor to influence high-energy interwell oscillation orbit height, which determines the output voltage amplitude and the overall energy harvesting performance. The influence essence of asymmetry for tristable energy harvesters is to change their potential wells and adjust the distribution of their potential barriers.

scholarly journals Ion-Size Effects in the Growth Sequences of Metal-Ion-Doped Noble Gas Clusters

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lüder ◽  
Dimitris Prekas ◽  
Michalis Velegrakis
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Magic Number ◽  
Sphere Packing ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Magic Numbers ◽  
Gas Clusters ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ion Size

We have studied the stability and the structure of doped noble gas cluster ions of the type M+Xn, (M=In, Al, Na, X=Ar, Kr, Xe) by systematically changing the composition M/X and observing changes in the magic number patterns appearing in the mass spectra. When the metal ion radius is comparable to the radius of the noble gas atom, the mass spectra show the familar icosahedral magic numbers n+ 1=13,19,23,26,29,32, 46, 55,... In constrast, for metal ions with radii significantly smaller than the noble gas atoms, we observe a new series of magic numbers n + 9, 11, 17, 21,24, 26,... This series converts into the icosahedral one for larger clusters. Using a simple hard sphere packing model, we show that this new series of magic numbers is consistent with a cluster growth sequence which is based on a capped square antiprism (CSA) geometrical structure of the clusters.

scholarly journals Influence of Running Phases on the Postural Balance of Modern Pentathlon Athletes in a Laser Run Event

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadowska ◽  
Lichota ◽  
Sacewicz ◽  
Krzepota
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Average Width ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

Background: The Laser Run combined event is part of the modern pentathlon, consisting of successive shooting and running phases. The main factor hindering accurate and fast shooting is the increasing fatigue caused by running effort. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the running phases on the postural balance in the shooting position of pentathletes in a Laser Run event. Methods: 25 modern pentathletes (18.6 ± 1.7 years), members of the Polish Association of Modern Pentathlon, completed a Laser Run event. During each shooting series, a Zebris dynamometric platform recorded the displacement of the centre of pressure (COP). Results: Significant changes in the average velocity of the COP (F = 3.43; p = 0.0223) and the width of the ellipse of the COP shifts area WoE (F = 3.30; p = 0.0259) between the first and the second shooting series were observed. The average velocity of the COP in series I was 72.6 m/s and increased to 84.3 m/s in series II. In turn, the average width of the ellipse of the COP in series I reached 29.1 mm and in series II, 34.1 mm. Conclusions: The fatigue caused by the running phases in the Laser Run affects the stability of the shooting position of pentathletes. Disturbances that occur after the first running phase are maintained at the same level during the subsequent shooting series. The fatigue level does not affect the magnitude of the disturbances of the postural balance in the shooting position.

Fragment and cluster ions from gaseous and condensed pyridine produced under electron impact

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (40) ◽  
pp. 25762-25771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio de A. Ribeiro ◽  
Benedikt Rudek ◽  
Henrique B. A. Cerqueira ◽  
Ricardo R. Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre B. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Electron Impact ◽  
Cluster Ions ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Carbenium Ion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Gas Phase Fragmentation

The ion-distribution from condensed pyridine due to 2 keV electron impact shows hydrogenated fragments and clusters with m/z ≤ 320 u and shifts towards higher masses compared to the gas-phase fragmentation. The formation of a bond between the pyridine and a carbenium ion is crucial for the stability of the selected cluster ions.

Stability Analysis and Improvement of Virtual Wall Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 464 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Jia Lu Li ◽  
Ai Guo Song ◽  
Xiao Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Haptic Rendering ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Wall Model ◽  
Passive Behavior ◽  
Energy Conversation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Main Factor

Sampled-data system’s nature is the main factor that causes virtual wall to demonstrate active (non-passive) behavior, destroying the illusion of reality. To enhance the stability of haptic rendering by virtual wall model, a novel spring-impulse model based on energy conversation and momentum conversation is proposed. In the model, an impulse in the opposite direction of avatar’s velocity is exerted on avatar at the instant from inner of virtual wall back to balance position during unstable state. This resistant forces eliminate extra work to reduce the non-passive behaviors of the haptic system, which lead to improved realistic rigid perceptions and system stability. The experiments have verified the effectiveness of our spring-impulse method in a virtual stiff-wall prototype system via a Phantom Omni haptic device.

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