Are There Gender Differences in Computer Performance? If So, Can Motivation Explain Them?

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Vollmeyer ◽  
Margarete Imhof
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Motivational Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract. Building on previous research which suggests that females are at a disadvantage when working with computers, the current paper investigates possible explanations. We used the cognitive-motivational process model ( Vollmeyer & Rheinberg, 1999 , 2000 ) to explore if motivation can account for the performance differences between male and female students. The model assumes that initial motivation affects strategies and motivation during learning which then influence performance. Male and female students from an introductory statistics class (N = 40), had to solve four statistics tasks with SPSS in 30 minutes. Measurements included initial motivation, functional state (i.e., flow) during task performance, navigation style, and task performance. Results show that males outperform females in terms of time needed for task completion and performance level. Male students displayed more solution-oriented navigation traces than female students. In a tentative exploratory path model, flow-experience and navigation style could be identified as mediating variables. The findings are interpreted in terms of a more effective use of trial-and-error strategies and a preference for tinkering behavior by males.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Homographs among EFL Learners of the College of Foreign Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Latifa Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Learning Problem ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the erroneous use (misuse) of homographs among EFL learners of the College of Foreign Languages to determine the misuse of homographs among EFL learners, find out the ability of EFL learners to distinguish homographs, and enrich learners with different usage of some words included in the homographs. The sample of the study consisted of 30 participants, 15 each of male and female students, randomly selected from 7th – 8th levels of the College of Foreign Languages in Albaha University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The participants were assigned to (2) different experiments. A homograph definition was given to them at the beginning of the experiments to make sure that they were equivalent and homogenous. Two different tests were undertaken by the students and the results were obtained. The findings revealed a significant deficiency of students in the first experiment in which they were required to give multi-meanings for each homographic word. This led to the conclusion that there is a serious learning problem as seen in the students’ competence and performance.

scholarly journals Promoting Optimal User Experience through Composite Challenge Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4106
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cruz ◽  
Luis A. Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Movement Interaction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
And Task

Optimal user experience or flow is a theory with great impact on user experience. Promoting flow has become a competitive advantage for interactive systems, including rehabilitation. This can be achieved through an engaging interface that provides a rewarding experience and motivates the user to use the system again. This theory sustains that promoting a state of flow and improving task performance depends heavily on the balance between the challenges posed by the system and the skills deployed by the user. We further claim that balanced mental and motor skills demanded by the task improve flow and task performance. This paper presents an experiment supporting these claims. For this, we built two movement-interaction rehabilitation systems called SIBMER and Macoli (arm in Náhuatl). Both systems have two versions, one with a balanced load of mental and motor skills, and the other with an unbalanced one. Both versions are compared in terms of their potential to promote the state of flow and to improve task performance. Results show that a balance demand of mental and motor skills promotes flow, independently of the task complexity. Likewise, the experiment shows a correlation between flow and performance.

scholarly journals Automatic language and information processing: rethinking evaluation

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN SPARCK JONES
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Task Context ◽  
Human Participant ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results

System evaluation has mattered since research on automatic language and information processing began. However, the (D)ARPA conferences have raised the stakes substantially in requiring and delivering systematic evaluations and in sustaining these through long term programmes; and it has been claimed that this has both significantly raised task performance, as defined by appropriate effectiveness measures, and promoted relevant engineering development. These controlled laboratory evaluations have made very strong assumptions about the task context. The paper examines these assumptions for six task areas, considers their impact on evaluation and performance results, and argues that for current tasks of interest, e.g. summarising, it is now essential to play down the present narrowly-defined performance measures in order to address the task context, and specifically the role of the human participant in the task, so that new measures, of larger value, can be developed and applied.

Revalidating U.S. Army soldiers’ perceptions of combat arms job tasks: Frequencies, importance and expectations of performance

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Michael W. Boye ◽  
Bruce S. Cohen ◽  
Maria C. Canino ◽  
Stephen A. Foulis ◽  
Marilyn A. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Job Analysis ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The U.S

BACKGROUND: In 2013 the U.S. Army began developing physical tests to predict a recruit’s ability to perform the critical physically demanding tasks (CPDTs) of combat arms jobs not previously open to women. OBJECTIVE: To revalidate 15 CPDTs chosen by subject matter experts (SMEs) and researchers through questionnaires pertaining to task performance frequency, perceived importance, and performance expectations. METHOD: Web-administered job analysis questionnaires were completed by 2,090 soldiers. Seventy-three percent ranged between 25–38 years of age, 66%were staff sergeants or above, and 73%were in service for 7 + years. RESULTS: Overall, the nine SME-endorsed CPDTs were conducted more frequently and rated as more important than the six tasks identified by researchers. Foot march, dragging a casualty to safety, and connecting a tow bar (vehicle transport) were identified as the combined most important, most frequently performed and highly expected CPDTs to be performed. The canonical correlation between task performance frequencies and ratings of task importance across all 15 CPDTs was 0.82 (p <  0.001). Expectations of task completion were strongly associated with more frequent task performance (Cramer’s Vs ranged 0.22 to 0.71; all p‘s <  0.001), but not task importance (only four CPDTs at p <  0.05). CONCLUSION: This study revalidates the value of CPDTs chosen by SMEs and researchers. Soldier readiness should reflect tasks identified by incumbents as important to success (e.g., evacuating a casualty) be trained more often, whereas others classified as frequently performed, but less important (e.g., filling sandbags), be deemphasized while ensuring that standards are met.

The Relation Between Financial Incentives, Motivation, and Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Thibault Landry ◽  
Marylène Gagné ◽  
Jacques Forest ◽  
Sylvie Guerrero ◽  
Michel Séguin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Compensation Plans ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract. To this day, researchers are debating the adequacy of using financial incentives to bolster performance in work settings. Our goal was to contribute to current understanding by considering the moderating role of distributive justice in the relation between financial incentives, motivation, and performance. Based on self-determination theory, we hypothesized that when bonuses are fairly distributed, using financial incentives makes employees feel more competent and autonomous, which in turn fosters greater autonomous motivation and lower controlled motivation, and better work performance. Results from path analyses in three samples supported our hypotheses, suggesting that the effect of financial incentives is contextual, and that compensation plans using financial incentives and bonuses can be effective when properly managed.

SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Nurma Risa
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS PEMAHAMAN NILAI SIKAP GOTONG ROYONG

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Alpansyah Alpansyah ◽  
Abdul Talib Hasim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Reader Response ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Better Than

The aims of this study were: (1) to identify an increase in students' understanding of the value of mutual cooperation through the use of reader response rules in Indonesian Language Learning (KRPDPBI); (2) identifying the use of the reader response principle in Indonesian Language learning (KRPDPBI) there are differences between male and female students. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental study with two different methods. The results showed that (1) the achievement of the score of understanding the value of mutual cooperation for students taught by KRPDPBI was better than for students taught by regular learning according to the curriculum; (2) the achievement of the understanding of the value of male students' mutual cooperation is no better than that of female students.

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