The Biological Clock and Sleep in the Elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Juda ◽  
Mirjam Münch ◽  
Anna Wirz-Justice ◽  
Martha Merrow ◽  
Till Roenneberg
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
Circadian Biology

Abstract: Among many other changes, older age is characterized by advanced sleep-wake cycles, changes in the amplitude of various circadian rhythms, as well as reduced entrainment to zeitgebers. These features reveal themselves through early morning awakenings, sleep difficulties at night, and a re-emergence of daytime napping. This review summarizes the observations concerning the biological clock and sleep in the elderly and discusses the documented and theoretical considerations behind these age-related behavioral changes, especially with respect to circadian biology.

AGE-RELATED AND POST-EXTRACTION ATROPHY OF THE JAWS AND MODERN POSSIBILITIES FOR RESTORING THE MASTICATORY APPARATUS IN THE ELDERLY PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
М.И. Музыкин ◽  
Е.В. Коковихина ◽  
Е.А. Герасимова ◽  
В.Ф. Мищук ◽  
А.К. Иорданишвили ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Dental Rehabilitation ◽  
Masticatory Apparatus

Представлены данные клинического обследования 3 329 человек (1 760 мужчин и 1 569 женщин), проживающих в различных регионах РФ (Санкт-Петербург и Ленинградская обл., Москва и Московская обл., Краснодарский край). Цель работы заключалась в изучении частоты утраты зубов и клинических проявлений атрофии альвеолярных отростков (частей) челюстей у пациентов старших возрастных групп для оценки возможности стоматологической реабилитации с использованием ортопедических конструкций на дентальных имплантатах. Изучение распространенности и степени атрофии показало, что в старшей возрастной группе у пациентов в большей мере преобладала 4-я и 5-я степень атрофии, частота встречаемости составила около 20-30 %. Встречаемость 6-й степени атрофии также была выше, чем в других возрастных группах, - она была обнаружена у 17,22 % мужчин и 17,81 % женщин на верхней челюсти и у 22,18 и 15,79 % - на нижней челюсти соответственно. Несмотря на то, что количество пожилых пациентов с полной или частичной утратой зубов не имеет тенденции к снижению, на современном этапе развития стоматологии и дентальной имплантологии восстановление целостности жевательного аппарата с применением искусственных опор возможно фактически во всех клинических случаях. Наличие коморбидной или мультиморбидной патологии не является абсолютным противопоказанием, а является лишь временны΄м фактором, откладывающим стоматологическую реабилитацию до стабилизации общесоматического статуса пациента. The data of clinical examination of 3 329 people (1 760 men and 1 569 women) living in various regions of the Russian Federation (St. Petersburg and Leningrad region, Moscow and Moscow region, Krasnodar Territory) are presented. The aim of the investigation was to study the frequency of tooth loss and clinical manifestations of atrophy of the alveolar processes (parts) of the jaws in patients of older age groups to assess the possibility of dental rehabilitation using orthopedic structures on dental implants. The study of the prevalence and degree of atrophy showed that in the older age group, patients of senile age were more dominated by 4 and 5 degrees of atrophy, the frequency of their occurrence was about 20-30 %. The incidence of grade 6 atrophy was also higher than in other age groups, it was found in 17,22 % of men and 17,81 % of women in the upper jaw and 22,18 % and 15,79 % in the lower jaw, respectively. Despite the fact that the number of patients in older age groups with complete or partial loss of teeth does not tend to decrease, at the present stage of development of dentistry and dental implantology, the possibility of restoring the integrity of the masticatory apparatus with the use of artificial supports is possible in virtually all clinical cases. The presence of comorbid or multimorbid pathology is not an absolute contraindication, but is only a temporary factor that postpones dental rehabilitation until the general somatic status of the patient is stabilized.

scholarly journals Gaining Insights Into the Estimation of the Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity in Older Adults From Their Telephone Call Activity With Statistical Learning: Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social

BACKGROUND Understanding the social mechanisms of the circadian rhythms of activity represents a major issue in better managing the mechanisms of age-related diseases occurring over time in the elderly population. The automated analysis of call detail records (CDRs) provided by modern phone technologies can help meet such an objective. At this stage, however, whether and how the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity can be automatically and properly modeled in the elderly population remains to be established. OBJECTIVE Our goal for this study is to address whether and how the circadian rhythms of social activity observed through telephone calls could be automatically modeled in older adults. METHODS We analyzed a 12-month data set of outgoing telephone CDRs of 26 adults older than 65 years of age. We designed a statistical learning modeling approach adapted for exploratory analysis. First, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) were calculated to automatically model each participant’s circadian rhythm of telephone call activity. Second, k-means clustering was used for grouping participants into distinct groups depending on the characteristics of their personal GMMs. RESULTS The results showed the existence of specific structures of telephone call activity in the daily social activity of older adults. At the individual level, GMMs allowed the identification of personal habits, such as morningness-eveningness for making calls. At the population level, k-means clustering allowed the structuring of these individual habits into specific morningness or eveningness clusters. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the potential of phone technologies and statistical learning approaches to automatically provide personalized and precise information on the social rhythms of telephone call activity of older individuals. Futures studies could integrate such digital insights with other sources of data to complete assessments of the circadian rhythms of activity in elderly populations.

Geriatric aspects of modern plastic surgery

2022 ◽  
pp. 948-952
Author(s):  
Б.Г. Алиханов ◽  
А.К. Иорданишвили ◽  
С.Г. Павлова ◽  
И.Д. Юшкова
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Face ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Elderly And Old People

Старение организма человека - закономерный физиологический процесс. В прошлом веке основными причинами обращения людей к пластическим хирургам служили врожденные и приобретенные деформации, а также возрастные изменения кожи лица. В наши дни внешний вид человека стал основным фактором его успешности в обществе. В работе определена мотивация людей пожилого и старческого возраста к выполнению пластических операций, а также проанализирована работа клиник по выполнению пластических операций людям старших возрастных групп. Установлено, что 96,4 % мужчин и 86,9 % женщин старших возрастных групп имеют достаточно полные представления о пластической хирургии. 27,7 % мужчин и 17,2 % женщин пожилого и старческого возраста хотели бы сделать себе пластическую операцию, однако женщины в 10,9 раза чаще обращаются к пластическим хирургам. Анализ работы клиник пластической хирургии показал устойчивую тенденцию увеличения обращаемости людей пожилого и старческого возраста, независимо от пола, к пластическим хирургам для выполнения операций, направленных, главным образом, на улучшение эстетики лица, шеи и коррекцию фигуры путем устранения гравитационного птоза и удаления избыточных подкожных жировых отложений на туловище. Основной причиной отказа от выполнения желаемой пациентом и рекомендуемой пластическим хирургом операции является недостаток денежных средств. Aging of the human body is a natural physiological process. In the last century, the main reasons for people turning to plastic surgeons were congenital and acquired deformities, as well as age-related changes in the skin of the face. Nowadays, a person’s appearance has become the main factor in his success in society. The work determines the motivation of elderly and senile people to perform plastic surgeries, and also analyzes the work of clinics in performing plastic surgeries for people of older age groups. It was found that 96,4 % of men and 86,9 % of women in older age groups have a fairly complete understanding of plastic surgery. Among the elderly and old people, 27,7 % of men and 17,2 % of women have a desire to perform plastic surgery for themselves, however, women are 10,9 times more likely to go to plastic surgeons. Analysis of the plastic surgery clinics showed a steady trend of increasing the number of elderly and senile people, regardless of gender, to plastic surgeons to perform operations aimed mainly at improving the aesthetics of the face, neck and body shaping by eliminating gravitational ptosis and removing excess subcutaneous fat. deposits on the trunk. The main reason for refusal to perform the operation desired by the patient and recommended by the plastic surgeon is the lack of funds.

Sleep Complaints Among the Elderly: Results From a Survey in a Psychogeriatric Outpatient Clinic in Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo P. Almeida ◽  
Sérgio Tamai ◽  
Regiane Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Sleep Difficulties

Background: Sleep complaints are frequent in old age. These difficulties are often associated with health-related problems, drug consumption, and the presence of mental disorders. Nonetheless, only sparse information is available on the clinical characteristics of elderly persons with insomnia. Aims: (a) To evaluate the prevalence of sleep problems among the elderly assessed in a psychogeriatric outpatient clinic; (b) to evaluate the association between the use of sleep tablets and sleep difficulties in this sample of patients. Methods: One hundred eighteen consecutive subjects were recruited from a psychogeriatric outpatient service in São Paulo, Brazil. Their sleep pattern was systematically assessed with the “sleep inventory,” a questionnaire consisting of 31 items that evaluate a number of sleep-related features. Clinical diagnoses followed the ICD-10 clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. The number of drugs consumed by patients was also recorded. Results: Sleep complaints were highly prevalent (59.3%), with early morning awakening and nightmares being more frequent among patients with a depressive disorder. The use of sleep tablets was reported by 37.3% of subjects, and was associated with subjective sleep difficulties (odds ratio [OR] = 7.13, p = .008), difficulties falling asleep (OR = 7.33, p = .021), and frequent awakenings during the night (OR = 7.10, p = .040) in a logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Sleep dissatisfaction is frequent among psychogeriatric outpatients. Subjects taking hypnotic drugs have more sleep-related complaints than those who do not. The clinical use of hypnotics may not be very effective for the treatment of sleep-related problems in the elderly. There is an urgent need for systematic prospective controlled studies to assess the efficacy and safety of the various forms of treatment of insomnia in old age.

scholarly journals Asthma in the elderly: a different disease?

Breathe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Battaglia ◽  
Alida Benfante ◽  
Mario Spatafora ◽  
Nicola Scichilone
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
List Type ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Age Related

Key pointsAsthma in the elderly can be difficult to identify due to modifications of its clinical features and functional characteristics.Several comorbidities are associated with asthma in the elderly, and this association differs from that observed in younger patients.In clinical practice, physicians should treat comorbidities that are correlated with asthma (i.e. rhinitis or gastro-oesophageal reflux), assess comorbidities that may influence asthma outcomes (i.e. depression or cognitive impairment) and try to prevent comorbidities related to ­‘drug-associated side-effects (i.e. cataracts, arrhythmias or osteoporosis).“Geriatric asthma” should be the preferred term because it implies the comprehensive and multidimensional approach to the disease in the older populations, whereas “asthma in the elderly” is only descriptive of the occurrence of the disease in this age range.Educational aimsTo present critical issues in performing differential diagnosis of asthma in the elderly.To offer the instrument to implement the management of asthma in the most advanced ages.Asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects all ages, but does this definition also include the elderly? Traditionally, asthma has been considered a disease of younger age, but epidemiological studies and clinical experience support the concept that asthma is as prevalent in older age as it is in the young. With the ever-increasing elderly population worldwide, the detection and proper management of the disease in old age may have a great impact from the public health perspective. Whether asthma in the elderly maintains the same characteristics as in young populations is an interesting matter. The diagnostic process in older individuals with suspected asthma follows the same steps, namely a detailed history supported by clinical examination and laboratory investigations; however, it should be recognised that elderly patients may partially lose reversibility of airway obstruction. The correct interpretation of spirometric curves in the elderly should take into account the physiological changes in the respiratory system. Several factors contribute to delaying the diagnosis of asthma in the elderly, including the age-related impairment in perception of breathlessness. The management of asthma in advanced age is complicated by the comorbidities and polypharmacotherapy, which advocate for a comprehensive approach with a multidimensional assessment. It should be emphasised that older age frequently represents an exclusion criterion for eligibility in clinical trials, and current asthma medications have rarely been tested in elderly asthmatics. Ageing is associated with pharmacokinetic changes of the medications. As a consequence, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of antiasthmatic medications can be variably affected. Similarly, drug-to-drug interactions may reduce the effectiveness of inhaled medications and increase the risk of side-effects. For this reason, we propose the term “geriatric asthma” be preferred to the more generic “asthma in the elderly”.

Understanding and Managing Sleep Difficulties in the Elderly

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin D. Higbee ◽  
Cecilia M. Plaza ◽  
Joy Dunkelbarger-Reed
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
Age Related Changes

Insomnia is a common complaint in the geriatric population with studies indicating that 23-34% of elderly report symptoms of insomnia. Age-related changes in sleep physiology, diseases common in the elderly, and drug therapies common in the treatment of these diseases may result in difficulties with sleep. Managing these complaints requires a thorough evaluation to determine the etiology of insomnia since it is a symptom and not a disease. Additionally, when treating insomnia, non-pharmacologic issues need consideration before initiating drug therapy. A variety of pharmacologic agents are available to treat insomnia short term. Recently, two new novel agents have been added to the armamentarium of drugs that have some advantages over older, traditional agents.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Immunity – Repurposing Drugs and Chronotherapeutics for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Giri ◽  
Ashokkumar Srinivasan ◽  
Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected nearly 28 million people in the United States and has caused more than five hundred thousand deaths as of February 21, 2021. As the novel coronavirus continues to take its toll in the United States and all across the globe, particularly among the elderly (>65 years), clinicians and translational researchers are taking a closer look at the nexus of sleep, circadian rhythms and immunity that may contribute toward a more severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2-induced multi-organ failure affects both central and peripheral organs, causing increased mortality in the elderly. However, whether differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity between older and younger individuals contribute to the age-related differences in systemic dysregulation of target organs observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unknown. Current literature demonstrates the emerging role of sleep, circadian rhythms, and immunity in the development of chronic pulmonary diseases and respiratory infections in human and mouse models. The exact mechanism underlying acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other cardiopulmonary complications in elderly patients in combination with associated comorbidities remain unclear. Nevertheless, understanding the critical role of sleep, circadian clock dysfunction in target organs, and immune status of patients with SARS-CoV-2 may provide novel insights into possible therapies. Chronotherapy is an emerging concept that is gaining attention in sleep medicine. Accumulating evidence suggests that nearly half of all physiological functions follow a strict daily rhythm. However, healthcare professionals rarely take implementing timed-administration of drugs into consideration. In this review, we summarize recent findings directly relating to the contributing roles of sleep, circadian rhythms and immune response in modulating infectious disease processes, and integrate chronotherapy in the discussion of the potential drugs that can be repurposed to improve the treatment and management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Gaining Insights Into the Estimation of the Circadian Rhythms of Social Activity in Older Adults From Their Telephone Call Activity With Statistical Learning: Observational Study

10.2196/22339 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. e22339
Author(s):  
Timothée Aubourg ◽  
Jacques Demongeot ◽  
Nicolas Vuillerme
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Telephone Call ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social

Background Understanding the social mechanisms of the circadian rhythms of activity represents a major issue in better managing the mechanisms of age-related diseases occurring over time in the elderly population. The automated analysis of call detail records (CDRs) provided by modern phone technologies can help meet such an objective. At this stage, however, whether and how the circadian rhythms of telephone call activity can be automatically and properly modeled in the elderly population remains to be established. Objective Our goal for this study is to address whether and how the circadian rhythms of social activity observed through telephone calls could be automatically modeled in older adults. Methods We analyzed a 12-month data set of outgoing telephone CDRs of 26 adults older than 65 years of age. We designed a statistical learning modeling approach adapted for exploratory analysis. First, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) were calculated to automatically model each participant’s circadian rhythm of telephone call activity. Second, k-means clustering was used for grouping participants into distinct groups depending on the characteristics of their personal GMMs. Results The results showed the existence of specific structures of telephone call activity in the daily social activity of older adults. At the individual level, GMMs allowed the identification of personal habits, such as morningness-eveningness for making calls. At the population level, k-means clustering allowed the structuring of these individual habits into specific morningness or eveningness clusters. Conclusions These findings support the potential of phone technologies and statistical learning approaches to automatically provide personalized and precise information on the social rhythms of telephone call activity of older individuals. Futures studies could integrate such digital insights with other sources of data to complete assessments of the circadian rhythms of activity in elderly populations.

scholarly journals Patterns of changing residential preferences during late adulthood

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1752-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA K. ANDERSSON ◽  
MARIANNE ABRAMSSON ◽  
BO MALMBERG
Keyword(s):  
Independent Living ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Housing Preferences ◽  
Age Related

ABSTRACTEarlier research on residential mobility has demonstrated a tendency for the young old of the 55+ population to prefer peripheral locations, whereas older age groups choose central locations. Here, we present survey results indicating that such late-adulthood differences in preferences are supported by age-related shifts corresponding to differences in housing preferences expressed by individuals in peripheral as well as central locations in Sweden. A sample of 2,400 individuals aged 55 years and over was asked to select the seven most important characteristics of a dwelling from a list of 21 alternatives (Survey of Housing Intentions among the ELDerly in Sweden (SHIELD), 2013). The preferences expressed were used as dependent variables in logistic regressions to determine to what extent the housing preferences of older people are linked to age, gender, socio-economic status and type of geographical area. The results demonstrated a close link between neighbourhood characteristics and housing preferences. Owning the dwelling, having a garden and access to nature were stressed as important by individuals living in non-metropolitan middle-class areas and in suburban elite areas. The youngest cohort expressed similar preferences. Older age groups instead stressed the importance of an elevator, single-storey housing and a good design for independent living; preferences that have similarities to those expressed by individuals living in large cities and smaller urban centres where such housing is more readily available.

scholarly journals Circadian rhythms, nutrition and implications for longevity in urban environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Froy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clock Mechanism

Presently, about 12% of the population is 65 years or older and by the year 2030 that figure is expected to reach 21%. In order to promote the well-being of the elderly and to reduce the costs associated with health care demands, increased longevity should be accompanied by ageing attenuation. Energy restriction, which limits the amount of energy consumed to 60–70% of the daily intake, and intermittent fasting, which allows the food to be available ad libitum every other day, extend the life span of mammals and prevent or delay the onset of major age-related diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and cataracts. Recently, we have shown that well-being can be achieved by resetting of the circadian clock and induction of robust catabolic circadian rhythms via timed feeding. In addition, the clock mechanism regulates metabolism and major metabolic proteins are key factors in the core clock mechanism. Therefore, it is necessary to increase our understanding of circadian regulation over metabolism and longevity and to design new therapies based on this regulation. This review will explore the present data in the field of circadian rhythms, ageing and metabolism.

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