Comparing Indicators of Suicidality Among Users in Different Types of Nonprofessional Suicide Message Boards

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Van den Nest ◽  
Benedikt Till ◽  
Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
German Language ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Communicative Processes

Abstract. Background: Little is known about linguistic differences between nonprofessional suicide message boards that differ in regard to their predominant attitude to suicide. Aims: To compare linguistic indicators potentially related to suicidality between anti-suicide, neutral, and pro-suicide message boards, and between the types of posters (primary posters, who initiate the thread, and the respective respondents). Method: In all, 1,200 threads from seven German-language nonprofessional suicide message boards were analyzed using the software Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) with regard to wording related to suicidal fantasies, aggression, and indicators of so-called suicidal constriction. Data were analyzed with ANOVA. Results: There were fewer words related to affective, social, cognitive, and communicative processes in pro-suicide message boards than in other boards. Death-related wording and aggression as well as tentative wording appeared more prevalent in pro-suicide boards. Limitations: Complex language structures cannot be analyzed with LIWC. Conclusion: The results suggest fewer emotion words and wording related to social circumstances among primary posters and respondents in pro-suicide boards as compared with other boards, and a higher use of death- and aggression-related words. These findings might signal a higher degree of suicidality or sheer differences in matters of interest or social desirability. The differences require attention in practice and research.

Exploration Versus Self-control: A Linguistic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Judd
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Function Words ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Written Descriptions

Research on regulatory focus has often used hopes versus duties to operationalize promotion and prevention focus, respectively. The current research examined regulatory focus in terms of exploration versus self-control to determine whether people tend to bring different types of experiences to mind when thinking about these experiences. I used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to analyze written descriptions of exploration and self-control and used t-tests to examine between-condition differences on word categories that participants used at least 0.5% of the time. Across two studies, descriptions of exploration had more positive emotional tone and used more insight words. In contrast, descriptions of self-control used more function words, more negative emotion words, including anger, more words about ingestion, and more words about power.

Emotion Word Use by Adolescents Who Stutter: An Exploratory Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Corrin G. Richels ◽  
Rogge Jessica
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Emotion Word ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Analyze Data

Purpose: Deficits in the ability to use emotion vocabulary may result in difficulties for adolescents who stutter (AWS) and may contribute to disfluencies and stuttering. In this project, we aimed to describe the emotion words used during conversational speech by AWS. Methods: Participants were 26 AWS between the ages of 12 years, 5 months and 15 years, 11 months-old (n=4 females, n=22 males). We drew personal narrative samples from the UCLASS database. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze data samples for numbers of emotion words. Results: Results indicated that the AWS produced significantly higher numbers of emotion words with a positive valence. AWS tended to use the same few positive emotion words to the near exclusion of words with negative emotion valence. Conclusion: A lack of diversity in emotion vocabulary may make it difficult for AWS to engage in meaningful discourse about negative aspects of being a person who stutters

Suicidal Traits in Marilyn Monroe’s Fragments

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Cabana ◽  
A. García-Caballero ◽  
M. T. Alves-Pérez ◽  
M. J. García-García ◽  
R. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Linguistic Categories

Background: Linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC), a computerized method for text analysis, is often used to examine suicide writings in order to characterize the quantitative linguistic features of suicidal texts. Aims: To analyze texts compiled in Marilyn Monroe’s Fragments using LIWC, in order to explore the use of different linguistic categories in her narrative over the years. Method: Selected texts were grouped into four periods of similar word count and processed with LIWC. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess changes in language use across the documents over time. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare means between periods and for each of the 80 LIWC output scores. Results: Significant differences (p < .05) were found in 11 categories, the most relevant being a progressive decrease in the use of negative emotion words, a reduction in the use of long words in the third period, and an increase in the proportion of personal pronouns used as Monroe approached the time of her death. Conclusions: The consistently elevated usage of first-person personal singular pronouns and the consistently diminished usage of first-person personal plural pronouns are in line with previous studies linking this pattern with a low level of social integration, which has been related to suicide according to different theories.

scholarly journals Predicting Educational Background using Text Mining

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rense Corten ◽  
Shiva Nadi ◽  
Laurence Frank
Keyword(s):  
Educational Background ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Public Dataset ◽  
Style Of Writing ◽  
Platform Economy ◽  
Better Than

We examine to what extent educational background can be inferred from written text, assuming that educational levels are associated with the style of writing and use of language. Using a large public dataset of almost 60000 dating profiles, containing written text for each profile, we look for a methodology to measure author style. We focus on education and essays fields in each profile from which we try to identify relevant features of written text that reveal the level of education of authors behind texts. Using different types of extracted features, we explore the level of education within three approaches: (i) classifying the level of education to elementary or higher education using lexical features; (ii) using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) features; (iii) combining LIWC features and lexical features. For classification, we rely on regularized logistic regression. The joint model which uses both lexical and LIWC features predicts the education level better than other text representation models, but the contribution of LIWC is marginal. Our results may not only be useful in the context of the platform economy and online markets, also more generally to researchers who need to rely on written text as an indicator of educational background.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Growth and Identity Construction in Covid-19 Messages Delivered to the People of Ghana by President Nana Akuffo Addo

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cynthia Logogye ◽  
Bernard Asafo-Duho ◽  
Joseph B.A. Afful
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
The People ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

This work analyses post-traumatic growth in Covid-19 addresses delivered to the people of Ghana by President Nana Akuffo Addo. We draw on Post-Traumatic Growth Theory to explain how Akuffo Addo constructs a new identity for himself and the nation in order to navigate through the pandemic and forge an agenda of growth and prosperity for Ghana. The study employs a linguistic content analysis approach. The data consists of twenty different speeches from the president to the people. The speeches are first analysed and coded manually for the five main tenets of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) identified in the updates. Consequently, the linguistic markers that are used in reconstructing the Ghanaian identity in response to the pandemic are delineated and mapped to the goals of the president using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015; Pennebaker et al., 2015) software; a vocabulary analysis tool. The analysis showed that there was a high prevalence of personal pronoun use, use of positive-emotion words, and cognitive-processing words. This confirms our hypothesis that linguistic markers can be used to detect PTG.

scholarly journals In an Absolute State: Elevated Use of Absolutist Words Is a Marker Specific to Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Mosaiwi ◽  
Tom Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cognitive Distortion ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Linguistic Level ◽  
Cognitive Therapies ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Absolutist thinking is considered a cognitive distortion by most cognitive therapies for anxiety and depression. Yet, there is little empirical evidence of its prevalence or specificity. Across three studies, we conducted a text analysis of 63 Internet forums (over 6,400 members) using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to examine absolutism at the linguistic level. We predicted and found that anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation forums contained more absolutist words than control forums ( ds > 3.14). Suicidal ideation forums also contained more absolutist words than anxiety and depression forums ( ds > 1.71). We show that these differences are more reflective of absolutist thinking than psychological distress. It is interesting that absolutist words tracked the severity of affective disorder forums more faithfully than negative emotion words. Finally, we found elevated levels of absolutist words in depression recovery forums. This suggests that absolutist thinking may be a vulnerability factor.

Types of Stressors on Nonprofessional Against-Suicide and Pro-Suicide Message Boards

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Niederkrotenthaler ◽  
Benedikt Till
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Presenting Problems ◽  
Message Boards ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Abstract. Background: Little is known about presenting problems of primary posters (i.e., posters opening the thread) and their responders in nonprofessional against-suicide and pro-suicide message boards. Aims: We aimed to compare problems described in suicide message boards between different types of users (primary posters and respondents) and between against-suicide, neutral, and pro-suicide message boards. Method: In all, 1,182 archival threads with 20,499 individual postings from seven nonprofessional suicide message boards supporting an against-suicide, neutral, or pro-suicide attitude were randomly selected. Problems mentioned by primary posters and their respondents were coded with content analysis. Differences between pro-suicide, neutral, and against suicide boards, as well as correlations between primary posters and respondents, were calculated. Results: Interpersonal problems were most frequently mentioned by primary posters in against-suicide threads (40.9%) and less frequently in pro-suicide threads (11.8%; p < .001). In pro-suicide boards, the most frequent stressors were suicide method-related (e.g., how to identify a safe method: 26.2% vs. 2.5% in against-suicide boards, p < .001). Primary posters resembled respondents in terms of presenting problems in pro-suicide boards, but not in against-suicide boards. Limitations: Only self-reported problems were assessed. Conclusion: The results confirm a stronger focus on death than on life among users in pro-suicide message boards, and posters with similar problems meet in pro-suicide boards. The posters appear to clearly emphasize social strains over psychiatric problems compared with some professional settings.

A Mixed Methods Analysis of Parental Perspectives on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Graduates With Cerebral Palsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Katherine Guttmann ◽  
John Flibotte ◽  
Sara B. DeMauro ◽  
Holli Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

This study aimed to evaluate how parents of former neonatal intensive care unit patients with cerebral palsy perceive prognostic discussions following neuroimaging. Parent members of a cerebral palsy support network described memories of prognostic discussions after neuroimaging in the neonatal intensive care unit. We analyzed responses using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, manual content analysis, and thematic analysis. In 2015, a total of 463 parents met eligibility criteria and 266 provided free-text responses. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count analysis showed that responses following neuroimaging contained negative emotion. The most common components identified through the content analysis included outcome, uncertainty, hope/hopelessness, and weakness in communication. Thematic analysis revealed 3 themes: (1) Information, (2) Communication, and (3) Impact. Parents of children with cerebral palsy report weakness in communication relating to prognosis, which persists in parents’ memories. Prospective work to develop interventions to improve communication between parents and providers in the neonatal intensive care unit is necessary.

Tweeting on dementia: A snapshot of the content and sentiment of tweets associated with dementia

First Monday ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robertshaw ◽  
Ivana Babicova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Emotional Tone ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
World List

This study aimed to record and characterise tweets related to dementia, to investigate their content and sentiment. Data were extracted from Twitter over a period of six weeks during February and March 2019 and then analysed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) and AntWordProfiler. Using five search terms related to dementia, this study collected 860,383 tweets (more than 27 million words). Results have shown that out of all the collected tweets, 48.63 percent of tweets related to the search term ‘dementia’, 49.95 percent to ‘Alzheimer’s disease’ and the remainder related to frontotemporal dementia, Lewy Body dementia and vascular dementia. People wrote more positively and personally about the term ‘dementia’ than the other terms, and more technically regarding the term ‘Alzheimer’s disease’. All search terms had a negative emotional tone overall. Dementia and related terms are commonly discussed on Twitter. The overall negative emotional tone associated with all dementia related search terms suggests that dementia is still largely stigmatised and talked about negatively. Recommendations for future research include the development of a health world list or a dementia world list, and to consider how the results of this research inform social change interventions going forwards.

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