Self-Disgust and Its Relationship With Lifetime Suicidal Ideation and Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Schienle ◽  
Daniela Schwab ◽  
Carina Höfler ◽  
Harald H. Freudenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Disgust Proneness ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background: The emotion disgust is typically directed toward stimuli in the external environment, but sometimes people develop self-directed disgust responses. Aims: The current questionnaire study focused on the role of self-disgust in lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior. Method: A total of 1,167 individuals participated in an Internet-based survey containing self-report measures of self-disgust, externally directed disgust proneness, coping styles, diagnoses of mental disorders, and suicide risk. Hierarchical regression analyses as well as mediation analyses were computed. Results: Self-disgust was the most relevant predictor of suicide risk among the assessed variables. Self-disgust was negatively associated with the use of support by others, and positively associated with evasive coping (self-blame, venting, denial), which in turn was positively associated with suicidality. Limitations: This cross-sectional study provided information on the relationship between self-disgust and suicidality in a self-selected sample. Longitudinal studies are warranted. Conclusion: Future studies are required to replicate these findings. Additionally, stronger research designs are needed in order to investigate whether self-disgust should be targeted in suicide prevention programs and interventions.

Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Christian ◽  
Kristen M. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽  
Julie Spencer ◽  
Shannon M. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Thwarted Belongingness ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
Perceived Burdensomeness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

scholarly journals Suicidal Ideation Profiles in Patients with Fibromyalgia Using Transdiagnostic Psychological and Fibromyalgia-Associated Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Ordóñez-Carrasco ◽  
María Sánchez-Castelló ◽  
Elena P. Calandre ◽  
Isabel Cuadrado-Guirado ◽  
Antonio J. Rojas-Tejada
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire ◽  
High Degree

Several studies have emphasized the heterogeneity of fibromyalgia patients. Furthermore, fibromyalgia patients are considered a high-risk suicide group. The ideation-to-action framework proposes a set of transdiagnostic psychological factors involved in the development of suicidal ideation. The present study aims to explore the existence of different subgroups according to their vulnerability to suicidal ideation through these transdiagnostic psychological variables and a set of variables typically associated with fibromyalgia. In this cross-sectional study, 151 fibromyalgia patients were assessed through the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Defeat Scale, Entrapment Scale, Psychache Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale. A K-means cluster analysis identified two clusters, one (45.70%) according to a low vulnerability, and a second (54.30%) with a high vulnerability to suicidal ideation. These clusters showed statistically significant differences in suicidal ideation and suicide risk. However, no differences were observed in most socio-demographic variables. In conclusion, fibromyalgia patients who present a clinical condition characterized by a moderate-high degree of physical dysfunction, overall disease impact and intensity of fibromyalgia-associated symptoms, along with a high degree of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, defeat, entrapment, psychological pain and hopelessness, form a homogeneous group at high risk for suicidal ideation.

The relationship between burnout and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice A. Wray ◽  
Sharlene Beckford Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Crime ◽  
The Relationship

Jamaican police officers often encounter organizational and societal stressors through their work in high-crime and low-resource settings. Repeated exposure to stressors, with limited opportunities for support, can compromise emotional well-being and increase the risk of experiencing burnout and suicidal ideation. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment) and suicidal ideations among Jamaican police officers surveyed in 2017. Jamaican police officers ( N = 305) from five major urban divisions completed two self-report questionnaires. The results revealed significant relationships between emotional exhaustion and suicidal ideations ( r = .17, p < .01) and depersonalization and suicidal ideations ( r = .18, p < .01). However, there was no significant relationship between personal accomplishment and suicidal ideations ( p > .01). Implementing programmes that offer access to adaptive coping or stress management skills and social support systems may reduce burnout and decrease risk for suicidal ideation.

The emotional stroop test for screening of suicide risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s890-s890
Author(s):  
H. Pereira ◽  
G. Esgalhado
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Psychological Phenomena

IntroductionSuicide is problematic today, being one of the most potentially fatal psychological phenomena, so it is important to assess thinking about suicide or suicidal ideation.ObjectivesIn this study we aim to develop methodological procedures, in order to understand if the emotional stroop test for screening of suicide risk is a good measure of suicidal ideation.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried-out among a convenience sample of 100 subjects. The data collection was done using a socio-demographic questionnaire, the emotional stroop test for screening of suicide risk, the suicidal ideation questionnaire and the beck depression inventory.ResultsRegarding the degree of association between the score of interference of the emotional stroop test and level of suicidal ideation there is a strong negative correlation and statistically significant. There are statistically significant differences in the scores on the three sheets of emotional stroop test between subjects with high suicidal ideation and low suicidal ideation. Attention is impaired in the group with suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThe emotional stroop test for screening of suicide risk is a useful, rapid and simple assessment tool that can to be used to detect symptoms of suicidal ideation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The “self” in pain: high levels of schema-enmeshment worsen fibromyalgia impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrella Paschali ◽  
Asimina Lazaridou ◽  
Eric S. Vilsmark ◽  
Jeungchan Lee ◽  
Michael Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Abstract Objective Chronic pain can have detrimental effects on quality of life and a profound impact on one’s identity. The Pictorial Representation of Illness- and Self-Measure (PRISM), is a visual tool designed to measure the self-illness separation (SIS) that represents the degree of schema-enmeshment (i.e., the degree to which the self-schema and the illness-schema come to overlap). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between schema-enmeshment and pain-related outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 114 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, anxiety, and depression. SIS was assessed using an iPad version of PRISM. Mediation analyses evaluated the mediating role of schema-enmeshment on the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact. Results A higher degree of schema-enmeshment was associated with greater pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, and depression. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that schema-enmeshment significantly mediated the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that schema-enmeshment is associated with greater intrusiveness of chronic pain on everyday life, thereby posing significant limitations on the emotional and physical well-being of fibromyalgia patients. Schema-enmeshment also appears to partly account for the deleterious effect of pain catastrophizing on disease impact. The PRISM is a simple tool that may uniquely capture the extent to which chronic pain and illness infiltrates and affects one’s self-concept.

Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Among Synthetic Cannabinoid Users Across Different Demographic Subgroups

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stogner ◽  
Courtney Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Psychoactive Effects ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

Abstract. Background: Case studies have linked synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use to suicide risk both during and following acute psychoactive effects. No study has explored whether a meaningful relationship exists between SC use and suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts within a generalizable sample. Aims: This work attempted to determine whether SC use is significantly associated with suicidal thoughts, planning, or attempts and whether the association between SC use and suicide may be stronger in certain demographic groups. Method: Cross-sectional self-report data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System were utilized. Logistic regression models were explored within a sample of 29,384 adolescents. Results: A clear connection emerged between SC use and suicidal thoughts and attempts. SC use and suicide risk were strongly related within the lesbian, gay, and bisexual and African Americans populations, even after controlling for depressive symptoms. Limitations: The study was cross-sectional and respondents may have underreported substance use or suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: Whether SC use has an impact on suicidal ideation directly, indirectly, or if it is simply a co-occurring phenomenon, it may serve as a flag of enhanced risk. Physicians must remain cognizant of the SC–suicide risk connection, particularly among African American and/or lesbian, gay, or bisexual patients.

Resilience and Associated Factors Among Parents of Children with Orofacial Clefts

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592094648
Author(s):  
Guiling Yu ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Ting Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Convenience Sampling

This study aims to examine the associations among social support, coping styles, and resilience in parents of children with orofacial clefts (OFCs). We conducted a cross-sectional study. Through convenience sampling, 306 parents of children with OFCs completed questionnaires on social support, coping styles, and resilience. Pearson’s correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the relationships among the selected variables. The results showed that age, gender, educational level, diagnosis of children, severity of OFCs, social support, and positive coping style had significant associations with resilience, which jointly explained 69.1% of the total variance in resilience. The findings suggested that social support and a positive coping style may be instrumental in improving resilience. Further research is required to explore interventions to improve the resilience of parents of children with OFCs.

scholarly journals Domains of the autism phenotype, cognitive control, and rumination as transdiagnostic predictors of DSM-5 suicide risk

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245562
Author(s):  
Darren Hedley ◽  
Mirko Uljarević ◽  
Ru Ying Cai ◽  
Simon M. Bury ◽  
Mark A. Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Insistence On Sameness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Communication Difficulties

Suicide is a global health problem affecting both normative and clinical populations. Theoretical models that examine mechanisms underlying suicide risk across heterogeneous samples are needed. The present study explored core characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a sub-population at high risk of suicide, as well as two dimensional cognitive constructs, as potential transdiagnostic predictors of suicidal ideation in a clinically diverse sample. Participants (n = 1851, 62% female) aged 18 to 89 years completed online questionnaires assessing: social communication difficulties; insistence on sameness; cognitive control; and rumination. Forty-three percent of participants reported the presence of at least one neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorder. One third of the sample reported some suicidal ideation (SI), and 40 percent met the threshold for concern for depression. All hypothesized constructs were associated with SI and depression and, with the exception of rumination, contributed significantly to SI. Participants reporting SI returned significantly higher social communication difficulties and insistence on sameness, and lower levels of cognitive control than those reporting no-SI. The study was limited by the use of a cross-sectional sample assessed with self-report measures. All diagnoses were self-reported and the study was additionally limited by the use of a single item indicator of suicidal ideation. These findings support a role for constructs associated with the ASD phenotype and associated broad cognitive domains as potential risk factors underlying suicidal ideation in a large clinically diverse sample. Our findings suggest directions for future longitudinal research studies, along with specific targets for suicide prevention and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Predictive factors of psychosomatic reactions during air raids

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomir Samardzic ◽  
Zeljko Spiric
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Military Medical Academy ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
And Behavior

Background. Civilian population of Yugoslavia was exposed to massive stressors of air raids by NATO in 1999. The aim of this study was to investigate somatic complaints and their predictive factors during stresses of air raids. Methods. Random sample of 434 subjects, consisting of 139 inhabitants of several Belgrade municipalities and 295 employees of Military Medical Academy, were assessed in the cross-sectional study. The basic factors of interest were stress severity, variables of personality and habits and behavior relevant for somatic complaints. Self-report of stress severity and the most common somatic complaints were performed by Questionnaire specially designed for this purpose and personality evaluation by EPQ-38. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the influence of predictors on dependent variable (psychosomatic symptoms). Results. Personality was the most important predictor that explained 29% of variance in somatic symptoms (with the strongest impact of neuroticism); 11% was explained by habits and behavior and only 1% of variance by stress. Conclusion. The finding that personality had higher impact on stress reaction outcome could be important for preventive and therapeutic aspects of stress reactions.

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