Pooling ANOVA Results From Multiply Imputed Datasets

Methodology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Grund ◽  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Alexander Robitzsch
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Multiple Imputation ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Factorial Anova ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Multiply Imputed

Abstract. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is frequently used to examine whether a number of groups differ on a variable of interest. The global hypothesis test of the ANOVA can be reformulated as a regression model in which all group differences are simultaneously tested against zero. Multiple imputation offers reliable and effective treatment of missing data; however, recommendations differ with regard to what procedures are suitable for pooling ANOVA results from multiply imputed datasets. In this article, we compared several procedures (known as D1, D2, and D3) using Monte Carlo simulations. Even though previous recommendations have advocated that D2 should be avoided in favor of D1 or D3, our results suggest that all procedures provide a suitable test of the ANOVA’s global null hypothesis in many plausible research scenarios. In more extreme settings, D1 was most reliable, whereas D2 and D3 suffered from different limitations. We provide guidelines on how the different methods can be applied in one- and two-factorial ANOVA designs and information about the conditions under which some procedures may perform better than others. Computer code is supplied for each method to be used in freely available statistical software.

scholarly journals Integration of AHP and Regression Analysis in Forecasting Attendance in a Movie Theater

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Hossein Jamshidi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Movie Theater ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Forecasting the number of attendees in a motion picture has often been considered a wild guess since there are many factors or variables involved in forecasting the numbers.  There are many contributing factors to consider when attempting forecasting theatre attendance. Among many possible variables the ones with the most significant impact that are considered in this study are; the day that movie is playing, the time of day that movie plays, the ranking of the movie, the genre of movie, the length of time that the movie has been released and finally whether school is in or out. For the most part, these are quantifiable measures and thus should be able to derive an accurate forecasting module. At first, the aim of this study is to compare all the variables by the decision maker based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and to rank the variables based on the importance according to the AHP process. Once the variables are set, the regression analysis is applied to forecast attendance in a movie theater.  Multiple regression analysis is used in this study based on a sample of 711 observations. Using SPSS statistical software, a model is developed to forecast the number of attendees and the model provides R2 = 0.760, which is a strong predictor. Finally, the hypothesis test is conducted to verify the accuracy of the regression model with the actual data and even with a = 0.10 the null hypothesis could not be rejected.

scholarly journals Multiple Imputation of Missing Values: New Features for Mim

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Royston ◽  
John B. Carlin ◽  
Ian R. White
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Multiple Imputation ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Sampling Variability ◽  
Combining Estimates ◽  
Multiply Imputed

We present an update of mim, a program for managing multiply imputed datasets and performing inference (estimating parameters) using Rubin's rules for combining estimates from imputed datasets. The new features of particular importance are an option for estimating the Monte Carlo error (due to the sampling variability of the imputation process) in parameter estimates and in related quantities, and a general routine for combining any scalar estimate across imputations.

Examining the Role of Language in Play Among Children With and Without Developmental Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Short ◽  
Rachael Cooper Schindler ◽  
Rita Obeid ◽  
Maia M. Noeder ◽  
Laura E. Hlavaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Play Skills ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Better Than

Purpose Play is a critical aspect of children's development, and researchers have long argued that symbolic deficits in play may be diagnostic of developmental disabilities. This study examined whether deficits in play emerge as a function of developmental disabilities and whether our perceptions of play are colored by differences in language and behavioral presentations. Method Ninety-three children participated in this study (typically developing [TD]; n = 23, developmental language disorders [DLD]; n = 24, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]; n = 26, and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]; n = 20). Children were videotaped engaging in free-play. Children's symbolic play (imagination, organization, elaboration, and comfort) was scored under conditions of both audible language and no audible language to assess diagnostic group differences in play and whether audible language impacted raters' perception of play. Results Significant differences in play were evident across diagnostic groups. The presence of language did not alter play ratings for the TD group, but differences were found among the other diagnostic groups. When language was audible, children with DLD and ASD (but not ADHD) were scored poorly on play compared to their TD peers. When language was not audible, children with DLD were perceived to play better than when language was audible. Conversely, children with ADHD showed organizational deficits when language was not available to support their play. Finally, children with ASD demonstrated poor play performance regardless of whether language was audible or not. Conclusions Language affects our understanding of play skills in some young children. Parents, researchers, and clinicians must be careful not to underestimate or overestimate play based on language presentation. Differential skills in language have the potential to unduly influence our perceptions of play for children with developmental disabilities.

Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika: Studi Komparasi Pembelajaran Number Head Together (NHT) dan Media Power Point (PPT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Bernadeta Ritawati ◽  
Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Cluster Technique ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Media Power ◽  
Better Than

This research is a quasi-experimental study that aims to determine the comparison of students' mathematical communication abilities with the cooperative learning model of the NHT and PPT media in class VII SMP Negeri 02 Ngabang. The population in this study were all students of class VII SMP 02 Ngabang consisting of 3 classes. The sample in this study was taken by using the Random Sampling Cluster technique. Class VII A as class I experimental class with 24 students and class VII B as a experimental class II with 24 students. The instruments used were pretest and posttest in the form of description. Data analysis uses the t test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed the average posttest for the NHT class was 72.5 and the average posttest for the PP class was 66.666. From the posttest hypothesis test results obtained t hitung> t tabel (1.9522> 1,667). Because t_hitung> t_tabel, H_0 is rejected and H_a is accepted. This means that students' mathematical communication skills taught with the NHT are better than using Power point media.

scholarly journals Statistical Tests of Symbolic Dynamics

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Fernando López ◽  
Mariano Matilla-García ◽  
Jesús Mur ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Marín
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Symbolic Dynamics ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Monte Carlo Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Theoretical Application ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
General Method

A novel general method for constructing nonparametric hypotheses tests based on the field of symbolic analysis is introduced in this paper. Several existing tests based on symbolic entropy that have been used for testing central hypotheses in several branches of science (particularly in economics and statistics) are particular cases of this general approach. This family of symbolic tests uses few assumptions, which increases the general applicability of any symbolic-based test. Additionally, as a theoretical application of this method, we construct and put forward four new statistics to test for the null hypothesis of spatiotemporal independence. There are very few tests in the specialized literature in this regard. The new tests were evaluated with the mean of several Monte Carlo experiments. The results highlight the outstanding performance of the proposed test.

scholarly journals Multiply-Imputed Synthetic Data: Advice to the Imputer

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Loong ◽  
Donald B. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Imputation ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Design Information ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Statistical Agencies ◽  
Data Analytic ◽  
Multiply Imputed

AbstractSeveral statistical agencies have started to use multiply-imputed synthetic microdata to create public-use data in major surveys. The purpose of doing this is to protect the confidentiality of respondents’ identities and sensitive attributes, while allowing standard complete-data analyses of microdata. A key challenge, faced by advocates of synthetic data, is demonstrating that valid statistical inferences can be obtained from such synthetic data for non-confidential questions. Large discrepancies between observed-data and synthetic-data analytic results for such questions may arise because of uncongeniality; that is, differences in the types of inputs available to the imputer, who has access to the actual data, and to the analyst, who has access only to the synthetic data. Here, we discuss a simple, but possibly canonical, example of uncongeniality when using multiple imputation to create synthetic data, which specifically addresses the choices made by the imputer. An initial, unanticipated but not surprising, conclusion is that non-confidential design information used to impute synthetic data should be released with the confidential synthetic data to allow users of synthetic data to avoid possible grossly conservative inferences.

Adaptive Sampling Based on GH-Distance for Realistic Image Synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 998-999 ◽  
pp. 806-813
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Qing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Adaptive Sampling ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Image Synthesis ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Path Tracing ◽  
Complex Scenes ◽  
Realistic Image ◽  
Better Than

Realistic image synthesis technology is an important part in computer graphics. Monte Carlo based light simulation methods, such as Monte Carlo path tracing, can deal with complex lighting computations for complex scenes, in the field of realistic image synthesis. Unfortunately, if the samples taken for each pixel are not enough, the generated images have a lot of random noise. Adaptive sampling is attractive to reduce image noise. This paper proposes a new GH-distance based adaptive sampling algorithm. Experimental results show that the method can perform better than other similar ones.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA ANTARA SISWA YANG BELAJAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW DAN KONVENSIONAL

Aksioma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Siti Hadijah ◽  
Sutji Rochaminah ◽  
Maxinus Jaeng
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Concept Understanding ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Better Than

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw lebih baik daripada pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional di Kelas IX MTs Negeri 1 Kota Palu. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw lebih baik daripada pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre-post test control design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX MTs Negeri 1 Kota Palu dengan teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling. Nilai rata-rata siswa kelas eksperimen 47 dan standar deviasi 17,04 sedangkan nilai rata-rata siswa kelas kontrol 40 dan standar deviasi 13,40. Data yang diperoleh berdistribusi normal dan homogen, maka pengujian hipotesis menggunakan teknis statistik parametris yaitu uji t. Hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh bahwa nilai ????tabel = 1,67 dan ????hitung = 2,96 sehingga H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw lebih baik daripada pemahaman konsep matematika siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional di kelas IX MTsN 1 Kota Palu. Kata Kunci:   Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw, Model Pembelajaran Konvensional,  dan Pemahaman Konsep   Abstract: This research purposed to determine is mathematics concept understanding students who learn by using jigsaw cooperative learning model better than students who learn by using conventional learning model in class IX MTs Negeri 1 Kota Palu. The hypothesis is that mathematics concept understanding students who learn by using jigsaw cooperative learning model better than students who learn by using conventional learning model. The type of research is a quasi experiment. Design of research is pre-post control design. The population of this research is all students of class IX  MTs Negeri 1 Kota Palu with samples taken by cluster random sampling technique. The average score of the experiment class students is 47 and standard deviation is 17.04 and the average score of the control class students is 40 and standard deviation is 13.40. The data is normal distribution and homogen, hypothesis test using t test. Results of hypothesis test obtained value ????table = 1.67 and ????count = 2.96 it means H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. This indicated that mathematics concept understanding students who learn by using jigsaw cooperative learning model have better than mathematics concept understanding students who learn by using conventional learning model in class IX MTsN 1 Kota Palu. Keywords:  Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Model, Conventional Learning Model, and Concept Understanding

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Fitri Ramadhani ◽  
Delima Septiani
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Mathematical Communication ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the mathematical communication skills of class VII students at Muhammadiyah Middle School in Pasir Penyu. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with the design of Randomized Subject Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The data analysis technique in this test uses the t-test. Based on the calculation of the hypothesis test shows the significant value of the sample class is 0.003 <0.05. Based on these results, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that the mathematical communication skills of students using the think talk write learning model is better than the mathematical communication skills of students using conventional learning models in class VII in the middle school Muhammadiyah Pasir Penyu.Keywords: Mathematical Communication, Think Talk Write

scholarly journals Studi Perbandingan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dan NHT (Numbered Head Together)Terhadap Hasil Belajar Stoikiometri Siswa Kelas X SMAN 8 Palu

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Nizar Nizar ◽  
Irwan Said ◽  
Suherman Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Cooperative Model ◽  
A Value ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Better Than

The aim of this study is to compare the learning outcomes of student in SMA Negeri 8 Palu using the cooperative learning model between jigsaw and NHT (numbered head together) on the stoichiometry. This research using a quasi-experimental design with factorial 2 x 2. The population of this study is all student of class X SMA 8 Palu with academic year 2015/2016 which consists of four classes. The sample of this study consists of two classes, namely class XB with amount of 16 students (experimental class) and class XC with amount of 17 students (control class) which was determined by purposive sampling. Data was collected by using test instruments, namely an achievement test that contains the stoichiometry material. The examination of data was conducted by using statistical analysis t-test two sides and one side (right side) non-parametric or Mann-Whitney U test. The average score of the learning outcomes of student by using the jigsaw type was (78.00; SD = 13.63), and by using NHT type was (70.47; SD = 16.51). Based on statistical analysis of the hypothesis test for two sides, it was obtained a value of 0.195 Asymp sig (2-tailed) and was obtained a value 0.204 Exact Sig (1-tailed) of 0.204, both of datas were at the rejection area of H0 which was a significance value greater than 0.05 (P> 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there was a difference in learning outcomes using the cooperative model jigsaw type with NHT type, furthermore the type of jigsaw better than the NHT on the learning outcomes of students of stoichiometry in class X SMA Negeri 8 Palu.

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