Evaporation suppression from water bodies using floating covers: laboratory studies of cover type, wind and radiation effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lehmann ◽  
Milad Aminzadeh ◽  
Dani Or
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Evaporation Suppression

scholarly journals Variations in chemical nutrients and mineral concentrations of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms- Labauch)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
A. A. Mako ◽  
V. O Akinwande ◽  
O. I Abiola-Olagunju ◽  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
A. O. Akinsoyinu
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate changes in chemical nutrients and mineral concentrations of water hyacinth as influenced by the season of harvest, habitat and morphological parts of the plants. Proximate composition (DM, CP, CF, EE and ash), fiber fractions (NDF, ADF and ADL) and concentrations of minerals (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Pb) in water hyacinth harvested from canal, lagoon, river and dam at the early and late period of wet and dry seasons were determined. Results showed that CP, EE and ash contents of water hyacinth harvested from the different water bodies differ (P < 0.05). Dry matter and CP values ranged from 7.68 to 7.96 and 10.32 to 10.40 g/100g DM in water hyacinth from river and dam respectively. Effects of the season on the chemical nutrient composition of water hyacinth were not significant (P> 0.05) except for DM that was highest (8.22) in the late dry season. Water hyacinth harvested from the different water bodies contains relatively high levels of minerals that vary (P<0.05) with the season of harvest. The high CP and mineral concentrations of water hyacinth suggests that the plant can be used as fodder for ruminant livestock production.   

scholarly journals Tratamento de águas residuais utilizando o bambu como filtro

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (51) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Jaiane Dos Santos Pastor ◽  
Antônio Da Silva Sobrinho Júnior ◽  
Gabrielly Da Mota Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Untreated Water

Water is crucial for the survival of living beings, but its scarcity has been one of the biggest problems that humanity has faced. In Brazil, many households still do not have sewage collection and water supply, especially in rural areas, making it necessary to reuse water or even to use untreated water, which is unsuitable for human consumption. Therefore, scholars have developed means of water treatment, however, some methods are expensive, inefficient and can cause pollution to the environment. It is necessary to develop sustainable, accessible and economical treatments. This study exposes a method using bamboo as a filter for the treatment of wastewater from washing for non-potable purposes. The analyzes involve laboratory studies with devices and perception with the naked eye, the results obtained were compared to COEMA Resolution No. 2 of 02/02/2017 and NBR 13969/1997, which determine criteria and standards so that wastewater can be reused for purposes not drinkable or released into water bodies, in this study it was be shown that bamboo can be an alternative filter for wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Scientific rationale of measures on prevention of pollution of surface water bodies in Kharkiv region

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
M.I. Lytvynenko ◽  
O.I. Zaliubovska ◽  
M.G. Shcherban ◽  
T.I. Tiupka ◽  
V.V. Zlenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Water Factor ◽  
Surface Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Today, in Kharkiv region, most of the surface water bodies as a result of man-made and anthropogenic loading have lost their natural purity and the ability to self-purify. One of the features of water resources of the region is that the rivers, which serve as the main sources of water supply, are also used as receivers of treated wastewater. In order to analyze the state of pollution of the aquifer of Kharkiv region during 2007–2016, laboratory studies of water of surface water reservoirs of the 1st and 2nd categories were conducted and summarized. The researchers have found that over the past 10 years the pollution of surface water bodies of the 1st category according to sanitary-chemical indicators is at the level of 4.5%, microbiological indicators – 14%, water pollution of reservoirs of the 2nd category is 20% and 12%, respectively. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases of different etiology among the population of Kharkiv region, the source of which is the water factor, a set of methodical and practical measures that will contribute to the improvement of the surface water of the region has been developed

Sanitary and parasitological state of water bodies of the Astrakhan region for 2011–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana Aleksandrovna Shemetova ◽  
Tatyana Vasilievna Nikeshina ◽  
Nina Vitalievna Polyanskaya ◽  
Gennadiy Leonidovich Shendo ◽  
Rudolf Sergeevich Arakelyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Data Objects ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The article presents the material on the sanitary-parasitological state of water bodies of the Astrakhan region for 2011–2020. In total, during the analyzed period, laboratory studies were conducted on 77,017 samples taken from environmental objects (soil, water, flushes from solid household surfaces). The share of water samples in the structure of general sanitary and parasitological studies of the environment was 7.6 % (5858 samples), including unsatisfactory samples was 3.0 % (175 samples). The structure of positive findings in water samples was represented by 6 nosological forms of helminthiasis — 88.0 % (154 samples) and 3 nosoforms of protozoa — 12.0 %. Water samples were taken from various sources in Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region and examined for the presence of eggs and larvae of helminths, cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa and oocysts of cryptosporidia: water from open reservoirs, centralized water supply, swimming pools, waste water, water from wells and bottled water. As a result of the conducted studies, the results were obtained, indicating that the parasitic contamination of water bodies of the Astrakhan region remains very intense, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa; the presence in the studied water samples of eggs and larvae of helminths and pathogenic protozoa cysts, evidence of the contamination of these objects feces of infected people (eggs broad tapeworm, Ascaris, opisthorchis, pinworms, Giardia cysts, amoebas and blastocyst) and animals (egg opistorchis, Toxocara, larvae strongylid); the presence of positive findings in the sewage samples indicates poor disinfestation data objects; the presence of parasitic agents in water samples taken from open reservoirs indicates that they are contaminated with the feces of infected animals and people, or that the object is contaminated with sewage and / or sewage.

Laboratory studies of radiation effects in water ice in the outer solar system

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl A. Baragiola ◽  
Mark J. Loeffler ◽  
Ujjwal Raut ◽  
Ricardo A. Vidal ◽  
Christian D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Outer Solar System ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Water Ice

Monitoring of heavy metals and arsenic in bottom sediments of water bodies

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Toxic Pollution ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Color Scheme

The study of contamination of sediments of water bodies with chemical elements continues to be one of the important problems of geoecology. The lack of a formal normative base for these indicators has led to different and diverse approaches and methods to solve this problem. The selection of the territory of a large water body on the example of the Volga river basin is made. There are four different hierarchical levels of research objects. The questions of location in time and space of observation points for the change of pollution of the river sediments and reservoirs are considered and justified. Theoretical and methodical substantiation of sampling of these deposits, the allocation of silt fraction less than 0.020 mm, which allows to bring samples containing different size components to the «common denominator» in laboratory studies. The choice of geoaccumulation index as an indicator of the level of pollution of the studied objects is justified. It is recommended at the present stage to use the total index of toxic pollution to assess the total technogenic pressure on the studied area. The assessment of complex pollution of the sediments can also be carried out on the basis of the total toxic pollution. The necessity to use the same permanent set of seven heavy metals Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and As in solving the problem is substantiated. To present the results of field and laboratory studies, along with traditional tables, diagrams and graphs, it is recommended to use a color scheme map, where the technogenic pressure is displayed from the blue to the green and yellow to the red – the most dangerous. To assess the quality of the sediments for areas of water bodies experiencing anthropogenic load from the 1st – 2nd city-forming enterprises, can be carried out on the mono-element schematic maps or diagrams.

scholarly journals nvestigation of Hydrocarbon Contaminants Destructing Microorganisms as a Method of Water Purification Intensifying

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Approximate Treatment

Increased hydrocarbon pollution of the natural environment and water bodies in recent decades has prompted the search for ways to reduce anthropogenic pollution. A number of modern environmental biotechnologies provide for the process of microbial introduction that is introduction of microorganisms with a useful function into the natural environment (soil and water bodies).The paper presents the results of laboratory studies on the rate of absorption of hydrocarbons by various microorganisms, the study of their hydrophilic/hydrophobic/adhesive properties, as well as the results of the search for a correlation between the degree of hydro/repellence of the cell surface and the rate of consumption of polluting hydrocarbon. Experiments on microbial separation of petroleum products from sand and Teflon surface made it possible to establish the possibility of this kind of destruction and determine the approximate treatment time depending on temperature. In terms of the degree of hydrophobicity, the bacteria strains involved in the decomposition process are placed in a series of activities that allows more successfully establishing the ratios of microorganisms-destructors in spatial communities for biological treatment of wastewater.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Quantitative analysis of in situ straining experiments in the case of strong frictional forces

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
F. Louchet ◽  
L.P. Kubin
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Dislocation Line ◽  
Critical Length ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Double Kink ◽  
Dislocation Densities ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Local Strain Rate

Investigation of frictional forces -Experimental techniques and working conditions in the high voltage electron microscope have already been described (1). Care has been taken in order to minimize both surface and radiation effects under deformation conditions.Dislocation densities and velocities are measured on the records of the deformation. It can be noticed that mobile dislocation densities can be far below the total dislocation density in the operative system. The local strain-rate can be deduced from these measurements. The local flow stresses are deduced from the curvature radii of the dislocations when the local strain-rate reaches the values of ∿ 10-4 s-1.For a straight screw segment of length L moving by double-kink nucleation between two pinning points, the velocity is :where ΔG(τ) is the activation energy and lc the critical length for double-kink nucleation. The term L/lc takes into account the number of simultaneous attempts for double-kink nucleation on the dislocation line.

Beam-radiation effects on wool in the ESEM

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Know How ◽  
Environmental Sem

The advent of the environmental SEM (ESEM) has made possible the examination of uncoated and untreated specimen surfaces in the presence of a gaseous or liquid environment. However, the question arises as to what degree the examined surface remains unaffected by the action of the electron beam. It is reasonable to assume that the beam invariably affects all specimens but the type and degree of effect may be totally unimportant for one class of applications and totally unacceptable for another; yet, for a third class, it is imperative to know how our observations are modified by the presence of the beam. The aim of this report is to create an awareness of the need to initiate research work in various fields in order to determine the guiding rules of the limitations (or even advantages) due to irradiation.

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