Black and White girls' racial preferences in media and peer choices and the role of socialization for Black girls.

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. O'Connor ◽  
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn ◽  
Julia Graber
Keyword(s):  
Black Girls ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Racial Preferences

Trajectories of Body Mass and Self-Concept in Black and White Girls

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Mustillo ◽  
Kimber L. Hendrix ◽  
Markus H. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Body Image Discrepancy

As a stigmatizing condition, obesity may lead to the internalization of devalued labels and threats to self-concept. Modified labeling theory suggests that the effects of stigma may outlive direct manifestations of the discredited characteristic itself. This article considers whether obesity’s effects on self-concept linger when obese youth enter the normal body mass range. Using longitudinal data from the National Growth and Health Study on 2,206 black and white girls, we estimated a parallel-process growth mixture model of body mass linked to growth models of body image discrepancy and self-esteem. We found that discrepancy was higher and self-esteem lower in formerly obese girls compared to girls always in the normal range and comparable to chronically obese girls. Neither body image discrepancy nor self-esteem rebounded in white girls despite reduction in body mass, suggesting that the effects of stigma linger. Self-esteem, but not discrepancy, did rebound in black girls.

Does adolescent depression predict obesity in black and white young adult women?

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1505-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBRA L. FRANKO ◽  
RUTH H. STRIEGEL-MOORE ◽  
DOUGLAS THOMPSON ◽  
GEORGE B. SCHREIBER ◽  
STEPHEN R. DANIELS
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
White Women ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. To examine whether adolescent depressive symptoms predict young adult body mass index (BMI) and obesity in black and white women.Method. Participants included 1554 black and white adolescent girls from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) who completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D) at ages 16 and 18 years.Results. Regression analyses showed that depressive symptoms at both ages 16 and 18 were associated with increased risk of obesity (BMI[ges ]30) and elevated BMI in young adulthood (age 21) in both black and white girls. Black girls exhibited a significantly greater likelihood of obesity and higher BMI (i.e. a main effect of race), but the race×CES-D interaction was not significant in any analysis.Conclusions. Depressive symptoms in adolescence appear to be predictive of obesity and elevated BMI in early adulthood for both black and white girls, even when taking prior BMI into account, indicating that depressive symptoms confer risk for obesity above and beyond the known tracking of body weight. Obesity prevention studies might consider assessing depressive symptoms in adolescence in order to more fully capture important risk variables.

Weight Modification Efforts Reported by Black and White Preadolescent Girls: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
George B. Schreiber ◽  
Morton Robins ◽  
Ruth Striegel-Moore ◽  
Eva Obarzanek ◽  
John A. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Chronic Dieting ◽  
High Bmi

Objective. This study tested four hypotheses: (1) a high percentage of 9-and 10-year-old girls are already trying to lose weight; (2) more white than black girls are trying to lose weight; (3) more black than white girls are trying to gain weight; and (4) weight modification efforts of preadolescent girls are influenced by factors other than race, such as maternal criticism, body dissatisfaction, and socioeconomic status. Design. Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data on 2379 girls 9 and 10 years of age, which consisted of 1213 black and 1166 white enrollees. Results. Black girls were taller and heavier and showed earlier signs of puberty than white girls but were less dissatisfied with their weight, body shape, and body parts. Approximately 40% of 9-and 10-year-old girls reported that they were trying to lose weight. Of those girls classified in the fourth quartile of body mass index (BMI), approximately 75% were trying to lose weight. After adjusting for BMI, no significant black and white differences in the prevalence of those trying to lose weight were seen, but significantly more black than white girls were trying to gain weight. Multiple logistic regression identified a high BMI, the mother telling her she was too fat, and body dissatisfaction as the major factors associated with trying to lose weight. However, chronic dieting was only associated with a high BMI and the mother telling her she was too fat. An important predictor of girls who were trying to gain weight was being black, along with having a low BMI and the mother telling her she was too thin. Conclusions. Attempts at gaining weight are much more frequent among black preadolescent girls than their white counterparts. No racial difference was found between black and white girls in their efforts to lose weight or to practice chronic dieting. Because approximately 40% of 9-and 10-year-old girls are already trying to lose weight, pediatricians should capitalize on this concern by providing information on proper weight control techniques. Educational efforts should be directed to both the mother and the child, because weight control efforts of preadolescent girls are stimulated by their mothers' admonitions of being too fat or too thin. The high prevalence of dieting among the thinnest preadolescent girls also needs to be addressed by pediatricians.

Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Commerce in India: A Study on Societal Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Gope ◽  
Shweta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The People ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

In India, the position of mobile banking was in saga and this time, it is in pic position. The speedof reaching the people is going high and high. This is time of wireless world and sense of prestige; no doubt the mobile commerce is contributing to enhance the beauty of life and playing the role of metaphor and has become the part and parcel of our life. This growth has changed people to do business in mobile commerce (М- Commerce). Peoples are transferring to M-Commerce to attain good and fast transaction into market and saving their precious time. M-Commerce has become distinguished in Indian people, quickly during last few years. Due to large number of mobile application, growth rate in mobile penetration in India is increasing with the rapid speed. The mobile users has shifted to use the android phone from simple and black and white phone and taking the service of internet, the role of telecom companies is also important in the being popular of mobile commerce. Although many people have started E-Commerce but still a separate part of the society feel uncomfortable and hesitate to use M-Commerce because of security problems, payment issues and complexity of mobile applications. This paper identifies facts about the feasibility of MCommercein India today its growth and the Strength and opportunity, weakness and threats lying ahead.

The Constitutional Court of South Africa: Thoughts on its 25-Year-Long Legacy of Judicial Activism

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Lucky Mathebe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Marginalised Groups

After almost 25 years of what could justifiably be called transformative change in South Africa, a truism is that the country’s new legal order, established by the Constitution in 1993 and 1996, provides the critical foundation of peace and security upon which its freedom has been built. The Constitutional Court was one of the most important of the new democratic institutions in the shaping of the country’s position as a constitutional democracy, upholding the values for which millions of people, black and white, had fought. This article is a brief reflection on the role of the Court in establishing the meaning of this democracy and giving it effect. The main goal of the article is to understand how the Court’s new jurisprudence works in particular contexts, how its work is related to crime and punishment, and what it means for the rights of marginalised groups in society. Using the examples of the Court’s decision in Makwanyane on the death penalty, and the Court’s decision on the findings of the Public Protector’s report on Nkandla, the article finds that the Court’s new jurisprudence takes quite a different view of legal developments in South Africa, insofar as the jurisprudence entrusts broad discretion to the Court and emphasises the need for sustained leadership of the Court to advance the battle for fundamental human rights, the rule of law, and democratic accountability.

Sex-Role Preference and Parental Imitation within Groups of Middle-Class Whites and Lower-Class Blacks

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
White Children ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Role Preference

32 second-grade children were assessed on measures of sex-role preference and parental imitation. The middle-class white boys were more masculine in preference than the middle-class white girls were feminine ( t = 3.43, p < .01), and lower-class black girls tended to be more mother imitative than the lower-class black boys were father imitative ( r = 2.09, p < .06). No such differences were found in sex-role preference for blacks or in imitation for whites. The results indicated that there was a dominant masculine influence in the development of sex-role preference among middle-class white children and a dominant feminine influence in parental imitation among lower-class black children.

Self-Esteem of Adolescent Females as Related to Race, Economic Status, and Area of Residence

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Housley ◽  
Sue Martin ◽  
Harriett Mc Coy ◽  
Phyllis Greenhouse ◽  
Flavelia Stigger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
The Self ◽  
Urban Girls ◽  
White Girls

The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale was used to measure the self-esteem of 109 14- and l6-yr.-old (±6 mo.) girls. The self-esteem scores were categorized by economic status, race, and area of residence. For urban girls mean self-esteem of upper economic status subjects was significantly higher than that of those at the lower economic status. The self-esteem of upper economic status urban girls was significantly higher than the self-esteem of their rural peers. Finally, the self-esteem of the urban black girls was significantly higher than the self-esteem of the urban white girls.

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