Exploring the rapid rise in Black achievement scores in the United States (1970–1990).

2004 ◽  
pp. 251-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Grissmer ◽  
Stephanie Williamson ◽  
Sheila Nataraj Kirby ◽  
Mark Berends
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Rapid Rise

scholarly journals Drugs, Violence, and Capitalism: The Expansion of Opioid Use in the Americas

2020 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2097500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo José dos Reis Pereira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Security ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
The U.S

In the past two decades, the United States has experienced a rapid rise in the use of opioids by its population, a context that has come to be assessed by the U.S. government as a threat to national and international security that requires emergency measures. The strategies of the U.S. government and transnational pharmaceutical corporations for resolving the insecurity generated by capitalist accumulation constitute what a certain literature calls “pacification.” In addition, these corporations export to the “foreign” the contradictions inherent in the opioid control policy that underlies the capitalist logic of drugs. Thus Latin American populations have been instrumentalized in the “solution” of this crisis either as a focus of violence by the state or as a focus of consumption by the market. Nas últimas duas décadas, os Estados Unidos vivenciaram uma rápida ascensão do uso de opioides pela sua população, contexto que passou a ser avaliado pelo governo estadunidense como uma ameaça à segurança nacional e internacional que demanda medidas emergenciais. As estratégias do Estado estadunidense e das corporações farmacêuticas transnacionais para solucionar a insegurança gerada pela acumulação capitalista configuram o que certa literatura chama “pacificação” Ademais, elas exportam para o “estrangeiro” as contradições próprias da política de controle de opioides que fundamenta a lógica capitalista das drogas. Assim, populações latino-americanas têm sido instrumentalizadas para a “solução” dessa crise, seja como foco da violência pelo Estado, seja como foco do consumo pelo mercado.

The World Overseas

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Real Output ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Actual Increase ◽  
The World

There was an increase of some 5 per cent in the real output of industrial countries between 1963 and 1964, but as far as Europe was concerned, much of the increase occurred during the second half of 1963. The actual increase during the year was only about 4 per cent (chart 7).Industrial production in the United States and Japan increased rapidly throughout the year, though at a somewhat declining rate. In Europe the pattern was more varied. Expansion was strong and accelerating in West Germany, but the rapid rise of the second half of 1963 was followed by stagnation in France and the United Kingdom and by an actual decline in Italy. Italian production began to recover towards the end of the year.

scholarly journals Regulation of E-Cigarettes in the United States and Its Role in a Youth Epidemic

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Cigarette Industry ◽  
If Current ◽  
The U.S

During the first decade of federal regulation of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), the e-cigarette industry has rapidly grown. Recently, the U.S. Surgeon General and Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration each declared the rapid rise in rates of youth using these products to be an “epidemic.” While a foundational basis for regulating ENDS has been in effect since 2016, deferred enforcement has contributed to acute rise in use by youth. The Agency has undertaken several initiatives to address the problem and warned manufacturers that if current youth trends continue, it will be “game over.”

scholarly journals Severe Malaria: A Case of a Significant Rapid Rise in the Parasite Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Muhammed Atere ◽  
Lloyd Muzangwa ◽  
Foma Munoh Kenne ◽  
Cherry Hanna ◽  
Jessie Saverimuttu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Malaria is transmitted by the Plasmodium parasite, and most of the cases reported in the United States are often as a result of patients with recent return from endemic areas. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, particularly if there is severe parasitemia and drug failure, is essential in preventing mortality. Our patient had an unusual rapid rise in parasite but susceptible to intravenous artesunate.

Strategizing assessment to support emerging bilingual students: a focus on the home language

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nieto ◽  
Annie Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
Use Of Assessment ◽  
Emerging Bilingual Students ◽  
Assessment Results

Abstract Both educators and students in the United States feel the continuous pressure to improve achievement scores as a form of validation for their work and success. However, emerging bilingual (EBs) learners encounter barriers within assessments that break the assumptions of validity, reliability, and fairness and prevent them from demonstrating their true knowledge. This is worsened when assumptions about EBs' academic capacity are extracted from those assessment results. This paper focuses on the use of assessment for and as learning for emerging bilingual (EB) students. Specific attention is given to the use of the students' home language as a resource in evaluating their knowledge and how teachers may address some of the inequitable practices to prepare EBs not only to be successful academically, but to demonstrate it in today's assessment world.

scholarly journals LB11. Rapid Rise in Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin among Shigella Isolates in the United States: A Look at National Surveillance Data, 2011–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S763-S763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Friedman ◽  
Ian Plumb ◽  
Jared Reynolds ◽  
Jessica Chen ◽  
Kaitlin Tagg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Shigella spp. cause ~500,000 illnesses in the United States annually. Antibiotics are recommended for immunocompromised patients and shorten the duration of illness, thus limiting spread. First-line treatments include ciprofloxacin (CIP) and azithromycin (AZM). CIP resistance is a growing problem in the United States; decreased susceptibility to AZM (DSA) has been reported globally, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). We reviewed National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) data to determine DSA trends among Shigella isolates in the United States. Methods Health departments nationwide forward every 20th Shigella isolate to CDC NARMS for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution. We defined CIP resistance using CLSI clinical breakpoints and DSA using epidemiological cutoff values where available. We performed whole genome sequencing on isolates from 2016 and screened the sequences for resistance determinants using ResFinder 3.0. Results To date, we have tested 3,044 Shigella isolates collected during 2011–2017. Overall, 264 isolates (9%) had DSA, increasing from 3% in 2011 to 23% in 2017; 41 (16%) were also CIP resistant. The odds of DSA increased by 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–1.6) annually. DSA was more common among adult males (OR 21.2, CI 14.9–30.3), in isolates from the West census region (OR 2.4, CI 1.8–3.2), and in S. flexneri (OR 8.2, CI 6.3–10.7). Of 543 sequenced isolates, 52 (10%) had DSA; of these, 31 (60%) contained both mph(A) and erm(B) genes, 17 (33%) contained mph(A) only, and 4 (8%) had no identified macrolide-resistance mechanism. Conclusions In 2017, nearly 1 in 4 Shigella isolates tested had DSA, a 7-fold increase since 2011. This rapid rise in DSA parallels that seen in other countries, where resistance to other clinically relevant drugs is high and macrolides are no longer useful as empiric treatment. The increased risk of DSA in adult males is consistent with previous reports of DSA Shigella in MSM. The resistance genes observed are typically plasmid-mediated and can be transferred to other bacteria. Public health strategies to mitigate the spread of resistant Shigella should include antibiotic stewardship and novel approaches for sexually transmitted infection prevention in MSM. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Lessons from the TIMSS Videotape Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Geist
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mathematics And Science

The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) reported more than just numerical achievement data. The study also contained information on teachers' lives, students' lives, and curricula, as well as a videotape of eighth-grade mathematics classes (OERI 1996a). These data, especially the videotaped study, go beyond comparisons of achievement scores and allow for cross-cultural comparisons of mathematics instruction in the United States and other countries. In particular, we can learn many lessons from examining instructional methods in the United States and comparing them with those of Japan. This comparison has significant implications for implementing NCTM's Standards in U.S. classrooms and teaching our students as if they were young mathematicians.

Machiavellian and Achievement Orientations among Foreign and American Master's Students in Business Administration

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin M. Okanes ◽  
L. William Murray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Master's Students ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The Mach IV scale and the Mehrabian test of achievement orientation were administered to 185 students in two accredited programs for Masters of Business Administration. Of these, 70% were from foreign countries. An across-countries analysis of scores on both tests was applied to students from Algeria, Iran, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the United States. An analysis of similarities and differences based on cultural factors is provided. Predictions for each of the five countries derived from hypotheses generated on the basis of cultural background were confirmed more often for Mach scores than for achievement scores.

The Economic Situation: The World Overseas

1966 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
The World

World industrial production accelerated in the first quarter of 1966, mainly on account of the unexpectedly rapid rise in output in the United States. Japanese production has at last started to increase after over a year of stagnation, but there seems to have been some decline in the growth rate in Europe (table 14). Industrial production of the major primary producers continued to slow down.

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