Predicting the emergence and persistence of alcohol dependence in young adults: The role of expectancy and other risk factors.

AbstractIntroduction: In recent years, numerous studies have focused on the analysis of the primary mechanisms and forms of therapy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The analysis of such topics among similarly diagnosed young adults is only beginning to gain popularity. The present article attempts to answer the question of whether the level of individual temperament traits will predict an increase in the severity of ADHD symptoms in young adults.Materials and methods: The questionnaire study involved 111 young adults aged from 18 to 28 (M= 23; SD= 2.12; 70 women and 41 men). Fifty-one people were included in the clinical group, and sixty were qualified for the control one. The participants of the study completed a health questionnaire and a structured diagnostic interview on ADHD symptoms in adults (DIVA 2.0) and a questionnaire for the diagnosis of basic, biologically determined dimensions of human personality (FCZ-KT (R)).Results: The results indicate a significant role of four temperament traits that may be considered as specific risk factors for the aggravation of ADHD symptoms. These include briskness, rhythm, endurance and activity.Conclusions: In Strelau’s Regulatory Theory of Temperament, the variability of temperament traits (in the Polish population) is attributed in 44% to genetic factors. The remaining 56% indicate non-genetic factors. The obtained results may indicate which factors are important in therapeutic work both in the group of young adults with ADHD symptoms, and may also constitute a source of information for parents or teachers regarding younger children with these symptoms.

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The role of childhood risk factors in initiation of alcohol use and progression to alcohol dependence

Addiction ◽

10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01661.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 216-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 165

Author(s):

Carolyn E. Sartor ◽

Michael T. Lynskey ◽

Andrew C. Heath ◽

Theodore Jacob ◽

William True

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Dependence ◽

Childhood Risk Factors

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THE ROLE OF ORTHOSTATIC TEST IN PROGNOSIS OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS

The Clinician ◽

10.17650/1818-8338-2018-12-2-16-21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

E. V. Sklyannaya

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Young Adults ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Body Mass ◽

Orthostatic Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Observation Period ◽

Group 1

The aimof this study was to assess the role of orthostatic test in prognosis of arterial hypertension (AH) in young adults.Materials and methods.842 young adults 20–29 years old with the level of blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mm Hg were enrolled in a prospective study. Active orthostatic test was performed. Observation period was 5 years. After that 2 groups were assigned according to BP level: group 1 – with AH (BP level >140/90 mm Hg), group 2 – with normal BP level (<140/90 mm Hg).Results.Physiological type of orthostatic reaction was found in 542 persons (64.4 %), primary hypersympathicotonic type – in 79 (9.4 %), secondary hypersympathicotonic – in 93 (11.1 %), hyposympathicotonic – in 94 (11.2 %), sympathicoasthenic – in 34 (4.0 %). 78 persons were withdrawn from the study for different reasons during observation period. AH was diagnosed in 144 (18.8 %) persons (group 1), normal BP – in 620 (81.2 %) participants (group 2). In group 1 hypersympathicotonic response to orthostatic test was observed in 102 (70.8 %) persons, in group 2 – in 47 (7.6 %) participants (р <0,001). By the results of univariate logistic regression analysis male sex (OR 10.8; 95 % CI 7.6–15.3), body mass index >25 kg/m2 (OR 7.2; 95 % CI 5.7–9.1), smoking (OR 5.6; 95 % CI 4.5–7.0), high normal BP (OR 10.7; 95 % CI 6.9–14.5) and hypersympathicotonic orthostatic response (OR 13.6; 95 % CI 10.0–18.7) were significant risk factors of AH. By the results of multivariate analysis body mass index >25 kg/m2, high normal BP and hypersympathicotonic orthostatic response were independent risk factors.Conclusion.Hypersympathicotonic orthostatic response with increased body mass index and high normal BP are the risk factors of AH development during next 5 years in young adults. It is reasonable to use orthostatic test in assessing the risk of AH development in young people.

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The Role of Neighborhood Environment in Promoting Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Young Adults: Data from Middle to High Income Population in an Asian Megacity

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0124827 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e0124827 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Ahraz Hussain ◽

Sandal Noorani ◽

Amna Khan ◽

Hafsa Asad ◽

Anam Rehan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

High Income ◽

Neighborhood Environment

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The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13235933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 5933

Author(s):

Marta Puzzono ◽

Alessandro Mannucci ◽

Simone Grannò ◽

Raffaella Alessia Zuppardo ◽

Andrea Galli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Young Adults ◽

Early Onset ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

Diet And Lifestyle ◽

Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, defined as colorectal cancer occurring in young adults under the age of 50, is increasing globally. Knowledge of the etiological factors in young adults is far from complete. Questionable eoCRCs’ exogenous factors are represented by processed meat, sugary drinks, alcohol, Western dietary pattern, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking, though with heterogeneous results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to summarize the current evidence on the role of diet and lifestyle as eoCRC risk factors. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE up to July 2021, for original studies evaluating diet, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, and smoking in eoCRC and included twenty-six studies. Indeed, the exogenous factors could represent modifiable key factors, whose recognition could establish areas of future interventions through public health strategies for eoCRC primary prevention. Additionally, we discussed the role of additional non-modifiable risk factors, and of epigenetic regulation and microbiota as mediators of the eoCRC triggered by diet and lifestyle.

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The Role of Motives in Understanding the Link Between Personality and Cannabis Misuse

10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Tang ◽

Elijah Otis ◽

Alexandra Loverock ◽

Cameron Wild ◽

Igor Yakovenko

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Substance Misuse ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Problem Severity ◽

The Relationship ◽

Significant Mediator

Background and aim: A robust association exists between substance use and personality, with personality risk factors representing phenotypes of vulnerability to substance misuse. As such, personality risk factors may be valuable constructs for understanding specific motivations for substance misuse. Given the loosening of restrictions on cannabis worldwide, research focusing on understanding cannabis use in young adults, a particularly at-risk population, remains a vital area of research. The existing data provides extensive support for the mediating role of coping motives on personality risk factors and problematic cannabis use; however, the role of other types of motives has remained largely unexplored. Our study examined the mediating role of cannabis use motives between personality and cannabis misuse among university students. We also explored the predictive value of personality phenotypes for cannabis use problems. Research question and hypothesis: Do motivations for cannabis use mediate or explain the relationship between personality type and cannabis use problem severity? Hypothesis 1: sensation-seeking (SS) and impulsivity (IMP), but not anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness, will be associated with greater cannabis use problem severity. Hypothesis 2: motives for use (i.e., coping, conformity, social, enhancement, expansion) will mediate the association between personality risk and cannabis use problem severity. Method: A survey was administered to 1073 undergraduate students. We examined whether motivations for use (mediator variable) explained the relationship between personality (predictor variable) and cannabis use disorder severity (outcome variable) using an ordinary least-squares (OLS) based mediation analysis. Results: As hypothesized, SS and IMP predicted greater cannabis use problems. A noteworthy finding was that conformity motives were a significant mediator between SS and IMP and cannabis use, whereby higher levels of SS/IMP led to greater endorsement of conformity motives, which in turn led to lower cannabis misuse. Enhancement motives were also a significant mediator between IMP and cannabis use. Expansion motives were a significant mediator between SS and cannabis use. Conclusion: Understanding reasons for use (i.e., motives) allows us to identify those at greatest risk for cannabis misuse. Findings from this study may help explain the underlying mechanisms by which personality risk factors lead to cannabis use disorder in young adults. A greater understanding of these personality phenotypes may have implications for the development of personality-specific interventions for cannabis use.

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