Visual–spatial episodic memory in schizophrenia: A multiple systems framework.

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Girard ◽  
Bruce K. Christensen ◽  
Michael G. DeGroote ◽  
Sakina Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Systems Framework

Visual–spatial episodic memory in schizophrenia: A multiple systems framework.

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (S) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Todd A. Girard ◽  
Bruce K. Christensen ◽  
Sakina Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Systems Framework

scholarly journals Association of Sleep Quality on Memory-Related Executive Functions in Middle Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brinda K. Rana ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
Carol E. Franz ◽  
Kelly M. Spoon ◽  
Kristen C. Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectives: Sleep quality affects memory and executive function in older adults, but little is known about its effects in midlife. If it affects cognition in midlife, it may be a modifiable factor for later-life functioning. Methods: We examined the association between sleep quality and cognition in 1220 middle-aged male twins (age 51–60 years) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. We interviewed participants with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and tested them for episodic memory as well as executive functions of inhibitory and interference control, updating in working memory, and set shifting. Interference control was assessed during episodic memory, inhibitory control during working memory, and non-memory conditions and set shifting during working memory and non-memory conditions. Results: After adjusting for covariates and correcting for multiple comparisons, sleep quality was positively associated with updating in working memory, set shifting in the context of working memory, and better visual-spatial (but not verbal) episodic memory, and at trend level, with interference control in the context of episodic memory. Conclusions: Sleep quality was associated with visual-spatial recall and possible resistance to proactive/retroactive interference. It was also associated with updating in working memory and with set shifting, but only when working memory demands were relatively high. Thus, effects of sleep quality on midlife cognition appear to be at the intersection of executive function and memory processes. Subtle deficits in these age-susceptible cognitive functions may indicate increased risk for decline in cognitive abilities later in life that might be reduced by improved midlife sleep quality. (JINS, 2018, 24, 67–76)

scholarly journals Poorer Visual Acuity Is Associated with Declines in Cognitive Performance Across Multiple Cognitive Domains: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 746-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dearborn ◽  
Merrill F. Elias ◽  
Kevin J. Sullivan ◽  
Cara E. Sullivan ◽  
Michael A. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

AbstractObjectives: Prior studies have found associations between visual acuity (VA) and cognitive function. However, these studies used a limited range of cognitive measures and did not control for cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVD-RFs) and baseline function. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the associations of VA and cognitive performance using a thorough neuropsychological test battery. Methods: This study used community-dwelling sample data across the sixth (2001–2006) and seventh (2006–2010) waves of the Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study (n=655). Wave 6 VA as measured by the Snellen Eye Test was the primary predictor of wave 6 and wave 7 Global cognitive performance, Visual-Spatial Organization and Memory, Verbal Episodic Memory, Working Memory, Scanning and Tracking, and Executive Function. Additionally, VA was used to predict longitudinal changes in wave 7 cognitive performance (wave 6 performance adjusted). We analyzed these relationships with multiple linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, depressive symptoms, physical function deficits in addition to CVD-RFs, chronic kidney disease, homocysteine, continuous systolic blood pressure, and hypertension status. Results: Adjusted for demographic covariates and CVD-RFs, poorer VA was associated with concurrent and approximate 5-year declines in Global cognitive function, Visual-Spatial Organization and Memory, and Verbal Episodic Memory. Discussion: VA may be used in combination with other screening measures to determine risk for cognitive decline. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–9)

scholarly journals Disparity in Educational Attainment Partially Explains Cognitive Gender Differences in Older Rural South Africans

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. e161-e173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan T Farrell ◽  
Lindsay C Kobayashi ◽  
Livia Montana ◽  
Ryan G Wagner ◽  
Nele Demeyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Visual Spatial

Abstract Objectives Direction and magnitude of gender differences in late-life cognitive function are inextricably tied to sociocultural context. Our study evaluates education and literacy as primary drivers of gender equality in cognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults in rural South Africa. Method Data were collected on 1,938 participants aged 40–79 from Agincourt, South Africa. Cognitive function was measured via the Oxford Cognitive Screen-Plus, a tablet-based assessment with low literacy demands. Four cognitive domains were derived through confirmatory factor analysis: episodic memory, executive function, visual spatial, and language. Structural equation models tested domain-specific gender effects, incrementally controlling for demographic, education, health, and socioeconomic variables. Results In the model adjusting only for demographic factors, men outperformed women on executive function and visual-spatial domains. Adding education and literacy to the model revealed a robust female advantage in episodic memory, and reduced the magnitude of male advantage in executive function and visual and spatial by 47% and 42%, respectively. Health and socioeconomic factors did not alter patterns of gender associations in subsequent models. Discussion In this older South African cohort, gender inequality in cognitive performance was partially attributable to educational differences. Understanding biopsychosocial mechanisms that promote cognitive resilience in older women is critically important given the predominantly female composition of aging populations worldwide.

scholarly journals Brain Activity during Episodic Retrieval of Autobiographical and Laboratory Events: An fMRI Study using a Novel Photo Paradigm

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cabeza ◽  
Steve E. Prince ◽  
Sander M. Daselaar ◽  
Daniel L. Greenberg ◽  
Matthew Budde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Visual Spatial Memory

Functional neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval generally measure brain activity while participants remember items encountered in the laboratory (“controlled laboratory condition”) or events from their own life (“open autobiographical condition”). Differences in activation between these conditions may reflect differences in retrieval processes, memory remoteness, emotional content, retrieval success, self-referential processing, visual/spatial memory, and recollection. To clarify the nature of these differences, a functional MRI study was conducted using a novel “photo paradigm,” which allows greater control over the autobiographical condition, including a measure of retrieval accuracy. Undergraduate students took photos in specified campus locations (“controlled autobiographical condition”), viewed in the laboratory similar photos taken by other participants (controlled laboratory condition), and were then scanned while recognizing the two kinds of photos. Both conditions activated a common episodic memory network that included medial temporal and prefrontal regions. Compared with the controlled laboratory condition, the controlled autobiographical condition elicited greater activity in regions associated with self-referential processing (medial prefrontal cortex), visual/ spatial memory (visual and parahippocampal regions), and recollection (hippocampus). The photo paradigm provides a way of investigating the functional neuroanatomy of real-life episodic memory under rigorous experimental control.

scholarly journals The role of the thalamus and hippocampus in episodic memory performance in patients with multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A Koenig ◽  
Stephen M Rao ◽  
Mark J Lowe ◽  
Jian Lin ◽  
Ken E Sakaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Volumetric Measures

Background: Episodic memory loss is one of the most common cognitive symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the pathophysiology of this symptom remains unclear. Both the hippocampus and thalamus have been implicated in episodic memory and show regional atrophy in patients with MS. Objective: In this work, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a verbal episodic memory task, lesion load, and volumetric measures of the hippocampus and thalamus to assess the relative contributions to verbal and visual–spatial episodic memory. Methods: Functional activation, lesion load, and volumetric measures from 32 patients with MS and 16 healthy controls were used in a predictive analysis of episodic memory function. Results: After adjusting for disease duration, immediate recall performance on a visual–spatial episodic memory task was significantly predicted by hippocampal volume ( p < 0.003). Delayed recall on the same task was significantly predicted by volume of the left thalamus ( p < 0.003). For both memory measures, functional activation of the thalamus during encoding was more predictive than that of volume measures ( p < 0.002). Conclusion: Our results suggest that functional activation may be useful as a predictive measure of episodic memory loss in patients with MS.

scholarly journals Patterns of neuropsychological impairment in MCI patients with small subcortical infarcts or hippocampal atrophy

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUIDO GAINOTTI ◽  
MONICA FERRACCIOLI ◽  
MARIA GABRIELLA VITA ◽  
CAMILLO MARRA
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Action Naming ◽  
Executive Deficits

We investigated whether MCI patients with hippocampal atrophy or multiple subcortical infarcts demonstrate neuropsychological patterns and markers considered typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of vascular dementia (VD), respectively. An extensive neuropsychological battery, including tests of memory, visual-spatial and executive functions, language, attention, praxis and psychomotor speed, was administered to 36 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with hippocampal atrophy and 41 MCI patients with multiple subcortical infarcts. Both groups of MCI patients were very mildly impaired and well matched in terms of MMSE scores. A clear, disproportionately severe, episodic memory disorder was observed in MCI patients with hippocampal atrophy. A less specific neuropsychological profile, consisting of impairment on an Action Naming task that is sensitive to frontal lobe lesions, was observed in MCI patients with multiple subcortical infarcts. In MCI patients, a disproportionately severe episodic memory impairment strongly points to an Alzheimer's type brain pathology, whereas the prevalence of executive deficits and other frontal lobe symptoms are a much weaker diagnostic marker of small vessel subcortical disease. (JINS, 2008, 14, 611–619.)

scholarly journals “Fold the Eggs … Fold the Eggs … ”: Experiences of Educational Stakeholders During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavneet Kaur Bharaj ◽  
Anisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Schooling ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Educational Stakeholders ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Teachers Professional Development ◽  
Sudden Transition ◽  
Cultural World ◽  
Systems Framework ◽  
Insight Into

As the world experienced the COVID-19 outbreak, education was one of the multiple systems that were hit hard. We explored the consequences of the reconfiguration of schooling based on the experiences of the educational stakeholders caught up in the sudden transition to virtual schooling during COVID-19. Using Bronfenbrenner’s (1976) Ecological Systems framework, we underscored the complexity of the individual’s socio-cultural world and the myriad influences that impact the individual’s growth to examine how agents involved in the educational system have dealt with this unanticipated crisis academically, personally, socially, and emotionally. People can endorse contradictory positions on the same policy. Recognizing that multiplicity of voices might bring a different perspective, we captured various voices—an administrator leading the teachers’ professional development, a public-school elementary teacher, and a parent with two kids. Using unstructured interviews, we unpacked the narratives and counter-narratives of the participants to unpack “what worked” and “what did not work” during virtual learning and teaching environment. The voices centered in this article offer a rich source of insight into challenges faced by those who are at the forefront of the educational crisis—teachers and parents. The results showed how various communities cooperated to deal with such unprecedented times while maintaining the responsibility of educating children. The key trends that emerged from our qualitative investigation were: 1) development of collaboration among teachers as they transitioned into virtual teaching, 2) flexibility of the school leaders to assist the teachers in this new instructional modality, and 3) parents’ acknowledgment of the teachers’ efforts to assist their children.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Let's call a memory a memory, but what kind?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Keven
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
The World

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.

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