Cultural variation in the impact of others' evaluation on concrete happy experiences

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyewon Choi ◽  
Eunkook Mark Suh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Variation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Cultural variation impacts paternal and maternal genetic lineages of the Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan groups from Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1563-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibhu Kutanan ◽  
Rasmi Shoocongdej ◽  
Metawee Srikummool ◽  
Alexander Hübner ◽  
Thanatip Suttipai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Mtdna Lineages ◽  
Hill Tribes ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Hmong-Mien (HM) and Sino-Tibetan (ST) speaking groups are known as hill tribes in Thailand; they were the subject of the first studies to show an impact of patrilocality vs. matrilocality on patterns of mitochondrial (mt) DNA vs. male-specific portion of the Y chromosome (MSY) variation. However, HM and ST groups have not been studied in as much detail as other Thai groups; here we report and analyze 234 partial MSY sequences (∼2.3 mB) and 416 complete mtDNA sequences from 14 populations that, when combined with our previous published data, provides the largest dataset yet for the hill tribes. We find a striking difference between Hmong and IuMien (Mien-speaking) groups: the Hmong are genetically different from both the IuMien and all other Thai groups, whereas the IuMien are genetically more similar to other linguistic groups than to the Hmong. In general, we find less of an impact of patrilocality vs. matrilocality on patterns of mtDNA vs. MSY variation than previous studies. However, there is a dramatic difference in the frequency of MSY and mtDNA lineages of Northeast Asian (NEA) origin vs. Southeast Asian (SEA) origin in HM vs. ST groups: HM groups have high frequencies of NEA MSY lineages but lower frequencies of NEA mtDNA lineages, while ST groups show the opposite. A potential explanation is that the ancestors of Thai HM groups were patrilocal, while the ancestors of Thai ST groups were matrilocal. Overall, these results attest to the impact of cultural practices on patterns of mtDNA vs. MSY variation.

Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Implicit and Explicit Age Bias

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722095007
Author(s):  
Lindsay S. Ackerman ◽  
William J. Chopik
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Age Bias ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Attitudes Toward Older Adults ◽  
Cultural Comparisons ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
The Impact

Most research documenting bias against older adults has been conducted in individualistic and industrialized cultures. In the current study, we examined cultural variation in attitudes toward older adults and subjective age in a large sample of 911,982 participants ( Mage = 27.42, SD = 12.23; 67.6% women) from 68 different countries ( Msize = 12,077; Mdnsize = 425.5). We hypothesized that age bias would be lower among those living in highly collectivistic countries. We found that living in collectivistic countries was associated with less implicit and explicit age bias, and greater feelings of warmth toward older adults compared with highly individualistic countries. Given the impact of age bias and prejudice on both the targets and perpetrators of bias, further research is needed to examine the causes of and interventions for bias against older adults.

scholarly journals Dialect borders—political regions are better predictors than economy or religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curdin Derungs ◽  
Christian Sieber ◽  
Elvira Glaser ◽  
Robert Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dialect Variation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of geography on language and dialect variation has been subject to a vast number of studies in linguistics, as well as the broader humanities. Most quantitative research concerning dialectology has focused on the relationship between spatial distance and change of dialects. Hypotheses regarding the impact of other geographic, cultural, and social factors have been put forth for many years but have rarely been examined with quantitative methods. In this article, we compare dialect variation in Swiss German morphosyntax with three types of social and cultural variation, namely variation in religion, administration, and economy. These different types of variation have contrasting temporal origins. Religion is, for instance, represented by the borders between Christian denominations, which are a result of the Reformation in the 16th century. In order to compare different types of spatial information in one statistical model, we introduce an approach that is robust for spatial dependencies. On one hand, our results are largely in agreement with previous studies. Spatial distance, for instance, proves to be the most important predictor of dialect variance, with distance measures that more realistically represent the potential for social contact, explaining a higher proportion of variance. On the other hand, most interestingly, we find evidence that administrative borders (i.e. political regions) more profoundly impact Swiss dialects than religion or economy. This opens the floor for the hypothesis that possibly both Swiss dialects and political regions have common origins in ancient migration movements and medieval borders between Alemannic territories.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CULTURAL VARIATION, GENDER AND AGE ON EXPERIENTIAL HOME AND SCHOOL CLIMATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Ruchi Tewari ◽  
Aradhana Shukla
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Late Childhood ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Home And School

The aim of this study was to find out the impact of gender, age and cultural variation was on experiential home and school climate. It was contended that variation in home and school climate would be influenced by variation in gender, age and cultural differences. Two hundred forty participants in the age range of late childhood and early adolescence served as participants and they were arranged according to the requirements of 3- way factorial design with three variations of culture, two types of gender, two types of climate variation and two levels of climate supportiveness. Home Environmental Scale and The School Climate Supportiveness Scale were used to assess the magnitude of home and school climate in participants. Data were analysed by 3-way ANOVA and it was found that

scholarly journals Inferring patterns of folktale diffusion using genomic data

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (34) ◽  
pp. 9140-9145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Bortolini ◽  
Luca Pagani ◽  
Enrico R. Crema ◽  
Stefania Sarno ◽  
Chiara Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Information ◽  
Cultural Diffusion ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Observable patterns of cultural variation are consistently intertwined with demic movements, cultural diffusion, and adaptation to different ecological contexts [Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman (1981)Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach; Boyd and Richerson (1985)Culture and the Evolutionary Process]. The quantitative study of gene–culture coevolution has focused in particular on the mechanisms responsible for change in frequency and attributes of cultural traits, the spread of cultural information through demic and cultural diffusion, and detecting relationships between genetic and cultural lineages. Here, we make use of worldwide whole-genome sequences [Pagani et al. (2016)Nature538:238–242] to assess the impact of processes involving population movement and replacement on cultural diversity, focusing on the variability observed in folktale traditions (n = 596) [Uther (2004)The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography. Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson] in Eurasia. We find that a model of cultural diffusion predicted by isolation-by-distance alone is not sufficient to explain the observed patterns, especially at small spatial scales (up to∼4,000 km). We also provide an empirical approach to infer presence and impact of ethnolinguistic barriers preventing the unbiased transmission of both genetic and cultural information. After correcting for the effect of ethnolinguistic boundaries, we show that, of the alternative models that we propose, the one entailing cultural diffusion biased by linguistic differences is the most plausible. Additionally, we identify 15 tales that are more likely to be predominantly transmitted through population movement and replacement and locate putative focal areas for a set of tales that are spread worldwide.

scholarly journals LIFE IN KUMAUN : STUDY OF LIFE SATISFACTION IN KUMAUNI WOMEN

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Aradhana Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Interaction Mode ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Project

This study was a part of the major project from ICSSR, New Delhi and it was aimed to ascertain the impact of cultural variation, chronological age and marital circumstances on life satisfaction. It was contended that : 1- life satisfaction and happiness would be affected by variation in culture. 2- young and old participants would differ in relation to their scores on life satisfaction. 3- discrepancy in the scores of life satisfaction would be appeared in women living with their husbands and living far from husband. Two hundred and forty women ranging between 25-60 years served as participants and arranged according to the requirements of 3*2*2 factorial design with three types of cultures (Bhotia, Buxa, General Kumauni) X two levels of chronological age (25-30 years and 55-60 years) X two types of marital circumstances (wives living with husbands) and wives living far from the husbands) i.e; 20 participants per cell. Measures of life satisfaction were used to get the indices of life satisfaction in participants. Data analysis was made by analysis of variance and correlation. It was noted that all independent variables laid their impact as main effect and interaction mode. Also, correlation coefficients showed close knit. Findings were discussed in terms of cultural variation, chronological age and marital circumstances as effectors of life satisfaction. At last, need of intervention programs to raise the mental faculty of vulnerable people was also discussed.

Status or fun? A cross-cultural examination of young consumers’ responses to images of champagne and sparkling wine

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1960-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Velikova ◽  
Steve Charters ◽  
Joanna Fountain ◽  
Caroline Ritchie ◽  
Nicola Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Product Category ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sparkling Wine ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test Luna and Gupta’s (2001) investigative framework on the interaction of cultural values and consumer behaviour by conducting a cross-cultural comparison of young wine consumers’ interpretation of images of champagne and sparkling wine. The research examined consumer responses to the images through the prism of the relationship between symbolism, ritual and myth, as well as other related values. Design/methodology/approach – In a series of focus groups with consumers from four anglophone countries (the USA, New Zealand, Australia and the UK), six images of champagne and sparkling wine were used as stimuli to encourage affective and cognitive perspectives on the topic. Findings – Overall, the UK market showed distinct differences from the other markets, due very much to its cultural context. The UK consumers valued traditional advertising; focused mainly on the product itself; and did not associate champagne with fun. Respondents from the New World focused on the general impression of the image and on enjoyment and fun associated with consumption of champagne and sparkling wine. Practical implications – The most crucial implication of this research is the cultural variation in consumer perceptions of champagne and sparkling wine and the impact that it has upon marketing strategies on how to market this product category to younger consumers in different markets. Originality/value – This research contributes to the study of cultural values and consumption behaviour, as well as image effectiveness in forming perceptions of the product category.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PARASITES ON HUMAN BEHAVIOUR: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Pavol Prokop ◽  
Peter Fedor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact

Parasites and predators possess serious threats to humans throughout our evolutionary history. Although the impact of predators in modern world is lower than previously, parasites still influence morbidity and mortality of contemporary humans. From the evolutionary perspective, selective pressures caused by parasites should favour individuals that successfully avoid objects/subjects which transmit parasitic diseases and/or those who are successful in combats with them. There is growing evidence for the existence of evolved anti-parasite behaviours in animals, beginning with invertebrates and ending with primates. Avoidance of infected individuals, grooming and self-medication are most common behavioural strategies that are believed to reduce the transmission of parasites. Here we review recent evidence suggesting that several behavioural and emotional traits in humans evolved as a response to selective pressure caused by parasites. Disgust sensitivity and pathogen threat may be a mechanism that generates both a cross-cultural variation in preferences for certain facial traits, as well as drivers of religious diversity, political stability of countries, parenting cognitive abilities and prevalence of extraversion and openness to new ideas. Finally, we declare areas for a future research based on questions guided by the evolutionary perspective. Key words: evolution, human, parasites, psychology.

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