Pressing a Key in Typewriting-Activation of Movement Direction and Movement Endpoint

Visual Field Accuracy and Eye Movement Direction: A Child's Eye View

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/003151258005000250 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 631-636

Author(s):

Evans Mandes

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Visual Field ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Movement Direction

Post-exposural eye movements were studied in 32 adults and 24 7-yr.-old children. Stimuli were binary figures exposed tachistoscopically in both visual fields simultaneously. The data showed significant correlations between direction of eye movement and locus of recognition for both children and adults. No significant differences were found in frequencies of eye movements of children and adults. The data are interpreted in terms of the facilitative effects of post-exposural eye movements upon perception for both groups.

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Detecting long-range interactions between migrating cells

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94458-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

C. Metzner ◽

F. Hörsch ◽

C. Mark ◽

T. Czerwinski ◽

A. Winterl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nk Cells ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Long Range ◽

Cooperative Behavior ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Repulsive Interaction ◽

Collagen Gels ◽

Long Range Interactions ◽

A Cell

AbstractChemotaxis enables cells to systematically approach distant targets that emit a diffusible guiding substance. However, the visual observation of an encounter between a cell and a target does not necessarily indicate the presence of a chemotactic approach mechanism, as even a blindly migrating cell can come across a target by chance. To distinguish between the chemotactic approach and blind migration, we present an objective method that is based on the analysis of time-lapse recorded cell migration trajectories: For each movement step of a cell relative to the position of a potential target, we compute a p value that quantifies the likelihood of the movement direction under the null-hypothesis of blind migration. The resulting distribution of p values, pooled over all recorded cell trajectories, is then compared to an ensemble of reference distributions in which the positions of targets are randomized. First, we validate our method with simulated data, demonstrating that it reliably detects the presence or absence of remote cell-cell interactions. In a second step, we apply the method to data from three-dimensional collagen gels, interspersed with highly migratory natural killer (NK) cells that were derived from two different human donors. We find for one of the donors an attractive interaction between the NK cells, pointing to a cooperative behavior of these immune cells. When adding nearly stationary K562 tumor cells to the system, we find a repulsive interaction between K562 and NK cells for one of the donors. By contrast, we find attractive interactions between NK cells and an IL-15-secreting variant of K562 tumor cells. We therefore speculate that NK cells find wild-type tumor cells only by chance, but are programmed to leave a target quickly after a close encounter. We provide a freely available Python implementation of our p value method that can serve as a general tool for detecting long-range interactions in collective systems of self-driven agents.

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Unilateral and bilateral training competitive archers differ in some potentially unhealthy neck-shoulder region movement behaviour characteristics

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-021-00272-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mareike Schmitt ◽

Lutz Vogt ◽

Jan Wilke ◽

Daniel Niederer

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Movement Behaviour ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

3D Motion Analysis ◽

Bilateral Training ◽

Shoulder Region ◽

Analysis System

Abstract Background Excessive unilateral joint loads may lead to overuse disorders. Bilateral training in archery is only performed as a supportive coordination training and as a variation of typical exercise. However, a series of studies demonstrated a crossover transfer of training-induced motor skills to the contralateral side, especially in case of mainly unilateral skills. We compared the cervical spine and shoulder kinematics of unilateral and bilateral training archers. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 25 (5 females, 48 ± 14 years) bilaterally training and 50 age-, sex- and level-matched (1:2; 47.3 ± 13.9 years) unilaterally training competitive archers were included. Cervical range of motion (RoM, all planes) and glenohumeral rotation were assessed with an ultrasound-based 3D motion analysis system. Upward rotation of the scapula during abduction and elevation of the arm were measured by means of a digital inclinometer and active shoulder mobility by means of an electronic caliper. All outcomes were compared between groups (unilaterally vs. bilaterally) and sides (pull-hand- vs. bow-hand-side). Results Unilateral and bilateral archers showed no between group and no side-to-side-differences in either of the movement direction of the cervical spine. The unilateral archers had higher pull-arm-side total glenohumeral rotation than the bilateral archers (mean, 95% CI), (148°, 144–152° vs. 140°, 135°-145°). In particular, internal rotation (61°, 58–65° vs. 56°, 51–61°) and more upward rotation of the scapula at 45 degrees (12°, 11–14° vs. 8°, 6–10°), 90 degrees (34°, 31–36° vs. 28°, 24–32°), 135 degrees (56°, 53–59° vs. 49°, 46–53°), and maximal (68°, 65–70° vs. 62°, 59–65°) arm abduction differed. The bow- and pull-arm of the unilateral, but not of the bilateral archers, differed in the active mobility of the shoulder (22 cm, 20–24 cm vs. 18 cm, 16–20 cm). Conclusions Unilaterally training archers display no unphysiologic movement behaviour of the cervical spine, but show distinct shoulder asymmetris in the bow- and pull-arm-side when compared to bilateral archers in glenohumeral rotation, scapula rotation during arm abduction, and active mobility of the shoulder. These asymmetries in may exceed physiological performance-enhancing degrees. Bilateral training may seems appropriate in archery to prevent asymmetries.

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Ergonomics analysis based on intention inference

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-210191 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

First A. Wenbo Huang ◽

Second B. Changyuan Wang ◽

Third C. Hongbo Jia

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Recognition Rate ◽

Tactile Feedback ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Support Vector ◽

Eeg Signals ◽

Intention Recognition ◽

Baseline Removal ◽

Inference Methods ◽

Intention Inference

Traditional intention inference methods rely solely on EEG, eye movement or tactile feedback, and the recognition rate is low. To improve the accuracy of a pilot’s intention recognition, a human-computer interaction intention inference method is proposed in this paper with the fusion of EEG, eye movement and tactile feedback. Firstly, EEG signals are collected near the frontal lobe of the human brain to extract features, which includes eight channels, i.e., AF7, F7, FT7, T7, AF8, F8, FT8, and T8. Secondly, the signal datas are preprocessed by baseline removal, normalization, and least-squares noise reduction. Thirdly, the support vector machine (SVM) is applied to carry out multiple binary classifications of the eye movement direction. Finally, the 8-direction recognition of the eye movement direction is realized through data fusion. Experimental results have shown that the accuracy of classification with the proposed method can reach 75.77%, 76.7%, 83.38%, 83.64%, 60.49%,60.93%, 66.03% and 64.49%, respectively. Compared with traditional methods, the classification accuracy and the realization process of the proposed algorithm are higher and simpler. The feasibility and effectiveness of EEG signals are further verified to identify eye movement directions for intention recognition.

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Seismicity, focal mechanism, and stress tensor analysis of the Simav region, western Turkey

Open Geosciences ◽

10.1515/geo-2020-0010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 479-490

Author(s):

Ahu Kömeç Mutlu

Keyword(s):

Moment Tensor ◽

Aftershock Sequence ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Normal Faults ◽

Normal Faulting ◽

Stress Inversion ◽

Western Turkey ◽

Stress Orientations ◽

Extension Direction ◽

Inversion Analysis

AbstractThis study focuses on the seismicity and stress inversion analysis of the Simav region in western Turkey. The latest moderate-size earthquake was recorded on May 19, 2011 (Mw 5.9), with a dense aftershock sequence of more than 5,000 earthquakes in 6 months. Between 2004 and 2018, data from earthquake events with magnitudes greater than 0.7 were compiled from 86 seismic stations. The source mechanism of 54 earthquakes with moment magnitudes greater than 3.5 was derived by using a moment tensor inversion. Normal faults with oblique-slip motions are dominant being compatible with the NE-SW extension direction of western Turkey. The regional stress field is assessed from focal mechanisms. Vertically oriented maximum compressional stress (σ1) is consistent with the extensional regime in the region. The σ1 and σ3 stress axes suggest the WNW-ESE compression and the NNE-SSW dilatation. The principal stress orientations support the movement direction of the NE-SW extension consistent with the mainly observed normal faulting motions.

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The semiotics of movement and mobility

Multimodality & Society ◽

10.1177/2634979521992733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 97-118

Author(s):

Theo van Leeuwen

Keyword(s):

Product Design ◽

Distinctive Feature ◽

Meaning Making ◽

Feature Analysis ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Dance Music ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Live Action ◽

Film And Video

The paper presents a framework for the distinctive feature analysis of movement and mobility in texts, performances and semiotic artefacts, showing its applicability to the analysis of meaning-making in dance, music, animated and live action film and video, and product design. Emphasis is placed on the role of movement and mobility in identity design. Identity design is realized by the style in which movements are performed and can be analysed in terms of the gradable distinctive features present in any movement – direction, expansiveness, velocity, force, angularity, fluidity, directedness and regularity. The paper includes a historical dimension, focusing on the development of movement and mobility as semiotic resources, and argues for the pioneering role of modernist artists in this development.

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Detection of Hostile Intent by Spatial Movements

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/00187208211015022 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001872082110150

Author(s):

Colleen E. Patton ◽

Christopher D. Wickens ◽

C. A. P. Smith ◽

Benjamin A. Clegg

Keyword(s):

Early Identification ◽

Human Performance ◽

Decision Aids ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Time Variability ◽

Discrete Movement ◽

Hostile Intent ◽

Movement Characteristics ◽

Computer Controlled ◽

Do So

Objective The ability of people to infer intentions from movement of other vessels was investigated. Across three levels of variability in movements in the path of computer-controlled ships, participants attempted to determine which entity was hostile. Background Detection of hostile intentions through spatial movements of vessels is important in an array of real-world scenarios. This experiment sought to determine baseline abilities of humans to do so. Methods Participants selected a discrete movement direction of their ship. Six other ships’ locations then updated. A single entity displayed one of two hostile behaviors: shadowing, which involved mirroring the participant’s vessel’s movements; and hunting, which involved closing in on the participant’s vessel. Trials allowed up to 35 moves before identifying the hostile ship and its behavior. Uncertainty was introduced through adding variability to ships’ movements such that their path was 0%, 25%, or 50% random. Results Even with no variability in the ships’ movements, accurate detection was low, identifying the hostile entity about 60% of the time. Variability in the paths decreased detection. Detection of hunting was strongly degraded by distance between ownship and the hostile ship, but shadowing was not. Strategies employing different directions of movement across the trial, but also featuring some runs of consecutive movements, facilitated detection. Conclusions Early identification of threats based on movement characteristics alone is likely to be difficult, but particularly so when adversaries employ some level of uncertainty to mask their intentions. These findings highlight the need to develop decision aids to support human performance.

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A novel edge gradient algorithm for multiple mobile robots cooperative mapping in unknown environment

International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems ◽

10.1177/1729881419860380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 172988141986038

Author(s):

Huang Yiqing ◽

Wang Hui ◽

Wei Lisheng ◽

Gao Wengen ◽

Ge Yuan

Keyword(s):

Visual Field ◽

Mobile Robots ◽

Information Exchange ◽

Field Of View ◽

Gradient Algorithm ◽

Movement Direction ◽

Mapping Technique ◽

Map Building ◽

Multiple Mobile Robots ◽

Motion Behavior

This article presented a cooperative mapping technique using a novel edge gradient algorithm for multiple mobile robots. The proposed edge gradient algorithm can be divided into four behaviors such as adjusting the movement direction, evaluating the safety of motion behavior, following behavior, and obstacle information exchange, which can effectively prevent multiple mobile robots falling into concave obstacle areas. Meanwhile, a visual field factor is constructed based on biological principles so that the mobile robots can have a larger field of view when moving away from obstacles. Also, the visual field factor will be narrowed due to the obstruction of the obstacle when approaching an obstacle and the obtained map-building data are more accurate. Finally, three sets of simulation and experimental results demonstrate the performance superiority of the presented algorithm.

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