The relationship between body size and mortality in the linked Scottish Health Surveys: cross-sectional surveys with follow-up

BackgroundChildren with poor mental health often struggle at school. The relationship between childhood psychiatric disorder and exclusion from school has not been frequently studied, but both are associated with poor adult outcomes. We undertook a secondary analysis of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys from 2004 and its follow-up in 2007 to explore the relationship between exclusion from school and psychopathology. We predicted poorer mental health among those excluded.MethodPsychopathology was measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, while psychiatric disorder was assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment and applying Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV) criteria. Exclusion from school and socio-demographic characteristics were reported by parents. Multi-variable regression models were used to examine the impact of individual factors on exclusion from school or psychological distress.ResultsExclusion from school was commoner among boys, secondary school pupils and those living in socio-economically deprived circumstances. Poor general health and learning disability among children and poor parental mental health were also associated with exclusion. There were consistently high levels of psychological distress among those who had experienced exclusion at baseline and follow-up.ConclusionsWe detected a bi-directional association between psychological distress and exclusion. Efforts to identify and support children who struggle with school may therefore prevent both future exclusion and future psychiatric disorder.

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The relationship between disability and suicide: prospective evidence from the Ten to Men cohort

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 707-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Allison Milner ◽

Anne-Marie Bollier ◽

Eric Emerson ◽

Anne Kavanagh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Cohort ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background People with disabilities often face a range of social and economic adversities. Evidence suggests that these disadvantages result in poorer mental health. Some research also indicates that people with disabilities are more likely experience thoughts about suicide than people without disability, although most of this research is based on small cross-sectional samples. Methods We explored the relationship between self-reported disability (measured at baseline) and likelihood of reporting thoughts of suicide (measured at follow up) using a large longitudinal cohort of Australian males. A logistic regression model was conducted with thoughts of suicide within the past 12 months (yes or no) as the outcome and disability as the exposure. The models adjusted for relevant confounders, including mental health using the SF-12 MCS, and excluded males who reported thoughts of suicide at baseline. Results After adjustment, there was a 1.48 (95% CI: 0.98–2.23, P = 0.063) increase in the odds of thoughts of suicide among men who also reported a disability. The size of association was similar to that of being unemployed. Conclusions Males reporting disability may also suffer from thoughts of suicide. We speculate that discrimination may be one explanation for the observed association. More research on this topic is needed.

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Low-carbohydrate diets and prevalence, incidence and progression of coronary artery calcium in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518003513 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 461-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tian Hu ◽

David R. Jacobs ◽

Lydia A. Bazzano ◽

Alain G. Bertoni ◽

Lyn M. Steffen

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Robust Regression ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Baseline Measure ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe evidence linking low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) to CVD is controversial, and results from epidemiological studies are inconsistent. We aimed to assess the relationship between LCD patterns and coronary artery Ca (CAC) scores from computed tomography in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Our sample included 5614 men and women free of clinical CVD at baseline (2000–2002), who had a FFQ, a baseline measure and ≥1 measure of CAC during follow-up. We excluded those with implausible energy intake or daily physical activity. The overall, animal-based and plant-based LCD scores were calculated based on intakes of macronutrients. Relative risk regression and robust regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between LCD score quintile and CAC outcomes, after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The mean age of participants was 63 years. The median intakes of total carbohydrate, fat and protein were 53·7, 30·5 and 15·6 % energy/d, respectively. Among 2892 participants with zero CAC scores at baseline, 264 developed positive scores during 2·4-year follow-up (11–59 months). Among those with positive scores at baseline, the median increase in CAC was 47 units over the course of follow-up. The overall, the animal-based and the plant-based LCD scores were not associated with CAC prevalence, incidence and progression. In conclusion, diets low in carbohydrate and high in fat and/or protein, regardless of the sources of protein and fat, were not associated with higher levels of CAC, a validated predictor of cardiovascular events, in this large multi-ethnic cohort.

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The Dynamics of Paid and Unpaid Activities Among People Aged 50–69 in Denmark, France, Italy, and England

Research on Aging ◽

10.1177/0164027516654521 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 1013-1038 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Giorgio Di Gessa ◽

Emily Grundy

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Data ◽

Longitudinal Analyses ◽

Paid Work ◽

Current Policy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Working Lives ◽

Productive Activities ◽

The Relationship

In the context of the current policy emphasis on extending working lives, we investigate whether the relationship between participation in paid work, other formal, and informal activities among people aged 50–69 is complementary or competitive. We also investigate differences in associations between countries using comparable longitudinal data from Denmark, France, Italy, and England. We find positive associations between informal and formal engagement in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Paid work was negatively associated with formal and informal engagement, and respondents who stopped working were more likely to be engaged in formal (Denmark and France) and informal activities (England and Italy) at follow-up than respondents who continued working. However, the strongest predictor of formal and informal engagement at follow-up was baseline engagement. In the context of policy aims to extend working lives and broaden older people’s participation in other productive activities, new balances between work and other forms of engagement are still to be found.

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Patient Satisfaction with the Emergency Department Experience in the Era of COVID-19: A National Survey

The Journal of Medicine, Law & Public Health ◽

10.52609/jmlph.v1i2.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Khadijah Banjar ◽

Sharafaldeen Bin Nafisah

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Educational Status ◽

National Scale ◽

Discharge Instructions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

The Relationship

Background Patient satisfaction with an ED visit is often overlooked during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and requires further examination. Aim We aim to investigate, on a national scale, patients’ satisfaction during their ED encounter, and to explore the determinants of such satisfaction. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis conducted between January and February 2021 throughout Saudi Arabia. Result The total number of patients was 508. The median satisfaction score for the clarity of information provided in the ED was 40 (SD=4.94), while satisfaction with the relationship with staff and ED routine revealed a median score of 39.9 (SD=5.08). We noted several determinants of ED satisfaction, including age, marital status, educational status, clarity of the treatment plan, improvement of their condition while in the ED, verbal and/or written discharge instructions, as well as a follow-up call two days after discharge. Conclusion Patient satisfaction is an integral part of the patient-centred approach in the ED, and should be continuously evaluated.

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The relationship between body mass index before pregnancy and the amount of weight that should be gained during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Resmiye Özdilek ◽

Yılda Arzu Aba ◽

Sena Dilek Aksoy ◽

Bulat Aytek Şık ◽

Yaşam Kemal Akpak

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To investigate the adaptation of pregnant women to the recommended weight gain range according to body mass index (BMI) and to determine the factors affecting them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a university hospital’s obstetrics and gynecology unit (tertiary center) in Turkey. This study was conducted between March 2018 and August 2018 (6 months) in pregnant women. Pregnant women with chronic disease and receiving treatment during antenatal follow-up, with twin pregnancy, with a fetus with a congenital abnormality, and nutritional disturbance were excluded from the study. Eight hundred twelve pregnant women with normal antenatal follow-up and who volunteered to participate were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.66±5.05 years. The mean weight and BMI before pregnancy were near standard in all participants. The group with the highest rate of recommended weight gain according to BMI before pregnancy was the group with low weight pregnant women. The ideal weight gain rate in all groups was 32%. Conclusions: The groups with overweight and obese pregnant women according to BMI before pregnancy had the highest rates of weight gain, above the recommended limits. BMI before pregnancy directly affects weight gain during pregnancy and the importance of pre-pregnancy counseling and weight loss is emphasized once again. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 How to cite this:Ozdilek R, Aba YA, Aksoy SD, Sik BA, Akpak YK. The relationship between body mass index before pregnancy and the amount of weight that should be gained during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Gamblers' attitudes towards money and their relationship to gambling disorder among young men

Journal of Behavioral Addictions ◽

10.1556/2006.2020.00042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 744-755

Author(s):

Pawel Sleczka ◽

Barbara Braun-Michl ◽

Ludwig Kraus

Keyword(s):

Gambling Disorder ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Longitudinal Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Online Study ◽

Problem Gamblers ◽

Gambling Participation ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Relationship

AbstractBackground and aimsMoney plays a central role in gambling, and understanding the different attitudes of gamblers towards it might benefit both prevention and treatment of gambling-related problems. This study describes the development of a new German measure of attitudes to money and the differences in these attitudes between male non-gamblers, occasional, frequent and problem gamblers. Furthermore, it investigates the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between attitudes towards money and the severity of gambling disorder.MethodsAn online study was conducted among 2,584 men aged 18–25 years, recruited via the Munich citizen registry. Additionally, a sample of n = 105 Facebook users was included in part of the analyses. Frequent and problem gamblers were invited to a 12-month follow-up. Apart from gambling participation and related problems, the questionnaire included items from existing scales measuring attitudes to money.ResultsThree factors underlying a new 12-item German Scale of Money Attitudes (SMAG) were identified: success, budgeting and evil. Compared with other groups, participants reporting any gambling problems scored highest in success and lowest in budgeting. Budgeting was associated with gambling-related problems in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses and strengthened the relationship between associating money with success and gambling disorder.DiscussionFor problem gamblers, money is important as a personal symbol of success. This attitude has an especially negative effect on gambling-related problems in individuals who handle money irresponsibly. Spending and winning money might play an important role in maintaining self-esteem among gamblers and thus hinder their attempts to quit.

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Do factors influencing consumer home-buying attitudes explain output growth?

Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.1108/jes-01-2018-0040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1104-1115

Author(s):

Hamid Baghestani ◽

Ajalavat Viriyavipart

Keyword(s):

Output Growth ◽

Good Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Survey Question ◽

Content Type ◽

Investment Timing ◽

The Cross ◽

Uncertain Future ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relationship between attitudinal data from the long-running Michigan Surveys of Consumers and US real GDP growth. One survey question asks, “Generally speaking, do you think now is a good time or a bad time to buy a house?” with the follow-up question “Why do you say so?” There are several factors for consumers to choose as reasons. Given the strong link between US housing market activity and business cycles, the authors ask whether the responses to the follow-up question explain the behavior of output growth. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ an augmented autoregressive model to investigate the relationship between output growth and the responses to the follow-up question for 1986–2007 and for 1986–2018, which includes the 2008 financial crisis. The authors follow the general-to-specific approach to obtain the final model estimates for interpretation. For a deeper analysis, the authors estimate the model using the responses of survey participants in the bottom 33 percent, middle 33 percent and upper 33 percent income categories, separately. While avoiding aggregation bias, this approach helps reveal important information embodied in the cross-sectional distribution of the data. Findings The follow-up question focuses on such factors as home prices, mortgage rates, houses as a good/bad investment, timing, uncertain future and affordability. The authors find that the majority of these factors chosen as reasons by consumers in the middle and upper 33 percent income categories explain the behavior of output growth. Among the factors chosen as reasons by consumers in the bottom 33 percent income category, only the mortgage rate and uncertain future explain output growth. Originality/value This study provides new insights into the usefulness of detailed consumer survey data in explaining the behavior of output growth and further underlines the usefulness of such measures across different income categories for revealing important information contained in the cross-sectional distribution of the data.

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Unemployment and Mental Well-Being: Elaboration of the Relationship

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/lkde-1e0k-tanm-hquy ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 261-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Eero Lahelma

Keyword(s):

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Well Being ◽

Paid Work ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Several Variables ◽

Adverse Impacts ◽

The Impact ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between unemployment and mental well-being was studied in 703 Finnish women and men who were originally employed in industry (manufacturing). A population survey with a follow-up measurement was carried out in 1983 and 1984. Mental well-being was measured by a 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire. The association between unemployment and mental ill-health proved to be a strong one. Cross-sectional analyses and analyses on the improvement of mental well-being were made. The impact of employment status on mental ill-health, as well as its improvement, was controlled for by means of logistic regression analysis (GUM). Several variables included in the design did not alter the main result, apart from the fact that the impact of unemployment was stronger among men than among women. The impact of unemployment proved to be independent and direct. The author compares these results with other studies that have used a similar approach, and discusses the significance of paid work in developed capitalist societies in an understanding of the adverse impacts of unemployment.

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Physical Activity and Headache: Results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01678.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1292-1297 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

E Varkey ◽

K Hagen ◽

J-A Zwart ◽

M Linde

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Migraine Headache ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Health Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

The Cross ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this study was to evaluate, using a prospective and a cross-sectional design, the relationship between level of physical activity and migraine and non-migraine headache. In the prospective part, 22 397 participants, not likely to have headache, answered questions about physical activity at baseline (19841986) and responded to a headache questionnaire at follow-up. In the cross-sectional part (1995-1997), 46 648 participants answered questions about headache and physical activity. Physically inactive individuals at baseline were more likely than active individuals to have non-migraine headache 11 years later (odds ratio 1.14, 95± confidence interval 1.02, 1.28). In the cross-sectional analyses, low physical activity was associated with higher prevalence of migraine and non-migraine headache. In both headache groups, there was a strong linear trend ( P< 0.001) of higher prevalence of ‘low physical activity’ with increasing headache frequency. The result may indicate that physical inactivity among headache-free individuals is a risk factor for non-migraine headache and that individuals with headache are less physically active than those without headache.

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