scholarly journals Intake of total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to blood pressure: a meta-analysis of observational and intervention studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M A J Tielemans ◽  
W Altorf-van der Kuil ◽  
M F Engberink ◽  
E J Brink ◽  
M A van Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein

Abstract P089: Total, Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-analysis of Observational and Intervention Studies

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M Tielemans ◽  
Wieke Altorf - van der Kuil ◽  
Mariëlle F Engberink ◽  
Elizabeth J Brink ◽  
Marleen A van Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Background: Dietary protein may beneficially influence blood pressure (BP), but evidence is not conclusive. Objective: To quantify the association of total protein, plant protein, and animal protein intake with BP and incident hypertension by means of meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search for eligible studies was conducted until January 2012, using MEDLINE and manual search. Of >3,000 titles evaluated, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed using STATA 11.0. We included 8 cross-sectional studies (total of 48,985 participants), 4 prospective studies (11,761 participants), and 17 randomized controlled trials (1,449 subjects). Results: Total protein intake was significantly inversely associated with systolic BP ([[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.20 mmHg per SD, 95%-CI: [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.39 to [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.01) in cross-sectional studies, but no relation was found with incident hypertension in prospective studies (HR of 0.99 per SD, 95%-CI: 0.96 to 1.02). Trials showed an overall reduction of [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]2.1 mmHg in systolic BP (95%-CI:[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]2.9 to [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]1.4) for a weighed difference in protein intake of 41 g/d, compared to carbohydrates. Plant protein, but not animal protein, was weakly inversely associated with BP in cross-sectional studies. Plant protein and animal protein showed similar associations in prospective studies (non-significant HR of 0.96 and 0.98 per SD, respectively) and randomized trials (-2.0 vs -2.2 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Dietary protein may have a beneficial effect on BP if consumed instead of carbohydrates. No clear difference was observed between plant and animal protein, but data on protein from different sources and BP is scarce and more research is needed to draw conclusions.

Abstract P403: Animal and Plant Protein and Change in Blood Pressure During 15 Years of Follow-up: The Zutphen Elderly Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M Tielemans ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Wieke Altorf-van der Kuil ◽  
Johanna M Geleijnse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Cancer Diet

Introduction: Data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies suggest that blood pressure (BP) is inversely related to dietary protein, especially plant protein. We examined whether intake of animal and plant protein were related to long-term changes in BP in a cohort of elderly men in the Netherlands. Methods: Analyses were based on data of 269 men participating in the Zutphen Elderly Study, who were examined in 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000. Men did not use antihypertensive medication and were initially free of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Diet was repeatedly assessed by trained dieticians using the cross-check dietary history method and BP was measured twice by trained research staff at every occasion. The associations of animal and plant protein (in tertiles) with 5-year BP change were obtained by a random intercept model, taking into account serial correlation and measurement error. Median values of tertiles (in en%) were 7.9, 9.7 and 12.8 for animal protein and 4.1, 4.9 and 6.0 for plant protein. Adjustments were made for age, measurement year, BMI, socioeconomic status, smoking, prescribed diet, alcohol intake, total energy intake and intake of carbohydrates, types of fat, minerals, dietary fibre and plant protein (in animal protein analysis) or animal protein (in plant protein analysis). Results: At baseline, men were 70±5 years old and BP was 147/84 mmHg. Mean intake was 10.2±2.7 en% for animal protein and 5.0±1.0 en% for plant protein. Animal protein was not associated with 5-year BP change (p>0.30). For plant protein intake, 5-year change in systolic BP was -3.30 mmHg (95% CI: [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]6.39; [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.20) and -2.56 mmHg (95% CI: -5.69; 0.57) in tertile 2 and tertile 3, respectively, compared to BP change in tertile 1. For diastolic BP, these changes were -1.61 mmHg (95% CI: [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]3.34; 0.12) and -1.70 mmHg (95% CI: -3.45; 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Plant protein, but not animal protein, was inversely associated with BP change during 15 years of follow-up in elderly men.

scholarly journals Validation of an FFQ to assess dietary protein intake in type 2 diabetic subjects attending primary health-care services in Mali

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Coulibaly ◽  
H Turgeon O’Brien ◽  
I Galibois
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a 53-item quantitative FFQ (QFFQ) for the assessment of dietary protein intake in type 2 diabetic outpatients in Bamako, Mali.DesignConsumption of protein-containing foods over the week preceding the interview was measured with a 7d QFFQ and compared with intakes measured with 48-h recalls.SettingCentre National de Lutte contre le Diabète.SubjectsSeventeen male and forty female adults with type 2 diabetes.ResultsCorrelation between protein intakes estimated using the QFFQ and 48h recalls was 0·63 (P< 0·0001). There was no significant difference between the two methods concerning the total protein daily intakes and intakes per kilogram of body weight. The QFFQ indicated that foods of animal origin were a lesser source of protein. Animal protein intake did not differ between men and women but sources did. In men, the main sources were beef (54 % of total animal protein), fish (15 %) and milk powder (8 %). In women, the principal sources were fish (28 %), beef (20 %) and birds (13 %). In contrast, plant protein intake was significantly higher in men than in women (P= 0·01), but the same plant foods contributed in similar proportions for both genders, rice being by far the greatest source (47 % of plant protein in men, 53 % in women).ConclusionThe QFFQ developed in this study is a valid tool to evaluate dietary protein intakes in Malian diabetic subjects. While the total protein intakes were low in both men and women, differences in choices and amounts of protein food sources were shown.

scholarly journals A prospective study on total protein, plant protein and animal protein in relation to the risk of incident chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevda Alvirdizadeh ◽  
Emad Yuzbashian ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Shahryar Eghtesadi ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Incident Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Background The link between dietary protein intake and the risk of kidney dysfunction is always a challenging issue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total protein, plant protein, and animal protein intake with the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods This study was performed on 1639 adults aged ≥27 years who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary data were evaluated using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total protein content, plant protein, and animal protein of each participant were calculated. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL / min / 1.73 m2 has been considered as the definition of CKD. Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression to show the association between the risk of incident CKD and dietary exposures. Results After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, total energy intake, total fiber intake, dietary fat, physical activity, diabetes, and hypertension, there was no significant association of total protein and animal protein consumptions with the incidence of CKD. After adjustment for confounders, compared with the lowest tertile of plant protein consumption, OR of incident CKD in the highest tertile was 0.29 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.15 to 0.55) with a significant trend (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study confirmed an inverse association between plant protein intake and the risk of incident CKD, which demonstrates the protective role of plant-based protein in a diet on kidney function.

scholarly journals Associations of Percent Energy Intake From Total, Animal and Plant Protein With Overweight/Obesity and Underweight Among Adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Elena Hemler ◽  
Sabri Bromage ◽  
Amare Worku Tadesse ◽  
Rachel Zack ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Energy Increment

Abstract Objectives Obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases are increasing in Ethiopia—often in the same communities where undernutrition remains prevalent. Increasing proportion of energy intake from protein could be a potential strategy to address this double burden; however, this potential has not been examined in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study is to investigate associations of types and food sources of protein with overweight/obesity and underweight in Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional dietary survey including 992 women and 632 men aged 18–49 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between body mass index (BMI) and % energy intake from total, animal, and plant protein. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations of % energy intake from total, animal, and plant protein and specific food sources of protein with underweight and overweight/obesity. Results Nearly one third of the sample were overweight or obese. Only 2.5% of total energy intake was derived from animal protein. In multivariable-adjusted linear models in the full sample, BMI was not associated with % energy from total protein, plant protein or animal protein. Total protein and animal protein intake were both associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity (Odds Ratio [OR] per 1% energy increment of total protein 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.99; P = 0.02; OR per 1% energy increment of animal protein 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96; P = 0.004) when substituted for carbohydrate and adjusted for sociodemographic covariates. In food-based analyses, a greater % energy from milk was related to lower odds of underweight but with wide confidence intervals (OR per 5% energy increment 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30, 1.00; P = 0.05). Conclusions Increasing the proportion of energy intake from total protein or animal protein in place of carbohydrate could be a strategy to address overweight and obesity in Ethiopia; longitudinal studies are needed to further examine this potential. Funding Sources United Kingdom Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and Department for International Development (DFID) Joint Fund for Poverty Alleviation Research.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: ADose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengying Fan ◽  
Yuqian Li ◽  
Chongjian Wang ◽  
Zhenxing Mao ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Protein Consumption

The relationship between dietary protein consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the relations between dietary protein consumption and the risk of T2D. We conducted systematic retrieval of prospective studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Summary relative risks were compiled with a fixed effects model or a random effects model, and a restricted cubic spline regression model and generalized least squares analysis were used to evaluate the diet–T2D incidence relationship. T2D risk increased with increasing consumption of total protein and animal protein, red meat, processed meat, milk, and eggs, respectively, while plant protein and yogurt had an inverse relationship. A non-linear association with the risk for T2D was found for the consumption of plant protein, processed meat, milk, yogurt, and soy. This meta-analysis suggests that substitution of plant protein and yogurt for animal protein, especially red meat and processed meat, can reduce the risk for T2D.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary salt restriction on central blood pressure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the intervention studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfranco D'Elia ◽  
Ersilia La Fata ◽  
Alfonso Giaquinto ◽  
Pasquale Strazzullo ◽  
Ferruccio Galletti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Central Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Dietary Salt Restriction

scholarly journals Animal Protein versus Plant Protein in Supporting Lean Mass and Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Thiam Lim ◽  
Bernice Jiaqi Pan ◽  
Darel Wee Kiat Toh ◽  
Clarinda Nataria Sutanto ◽  
Jung Eun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Younger Adults

Although animal protein is usually considered to be a more potent stimulator of muscle protein synthesis than plant protein, the effect of protein source on lean mass and muscle strength needs to be systematically reviewed. This study aimed to examine potential differences in the effect of animal vs. plant protein on lean mass and muscle strength, and the possible influence of resistance exercise training (RET) and age. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and 3081 articles were screened. A total of 18 articles were selected for systematic review, of which, 16 were used for meta-analysis. Total protein intakes were generally above the recommended dietary allowance at the baseline and end of intervention. Results from the meta-analyses demonstrated that protein source did not affect changes in absolute lean mass or muscle strength. However, there was a favoring effect of animal protein on percent lean mass. RET had no influence on the results, while younger adults (<50 years) were found to gain absolute and percent lean mass with animal protein intake (weighted mean difference (WMD), 0.41 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.74; WMD 0.50%; 95% CI 0.00 to 1.01). Collectively, animal protein tends to be more beneficial for lean mass than plant protein, especially in younger adults.

scholarly journals Global Intakes of Total Protein and Sub-types; Findings from the 2015 Global Dietary Database (P10-050-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Reedy ◽  
Frederick Cudhea ◽  
Peilin Shi ◽  
Jianyi Zhang ◽  
Jennifer Onopa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Total Protein Intake

Abstract Objectives Adequate macronutrient intake is critical for child growth and health and the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Presently, the global distributions of macronutrient intake are not well established. Our objective was to comprehensively estimate daily intakes of total, animal, and plant protein, and additional macronutrients for individuals of all ages from 185 countries in 2015. Methods We collected and analyzed individual-level dietary intake data from nationally or sub-nationally-representative surveys, comprising 1137 survey-years of data representing 185 countries (97% of the world's population). Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, we estimated mean macronutrient intake by country, time (35 years), age (15 groups), sex, education (3 levels), urban or rural residence, and pregnancy status (when applicable). The primary model incorporated the number of subjects in each stratum, sampling representativeness, dietary assessment method, type of dietary metric, availability from the United Nations FAO, and country, and superregion (6 groupings of regions) random effects as covariates. Results In 2015, global total protein intake was 78.2 g/day, ranging from 61.0 g in the Middle East and North Africa to 92.5 g/day in Asia. Mean national total protein intake was ≥46 g/day in all 185 countries. Global animal protein intake was 33.3 g/day and intake was highest in Latin American and the Caribbean (42.8 g/day) and lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa (38.3 g/day). The countries with the lowest mean national animal protein intake were Bangladesh (7.2 g/day) and Nepal (10.1 g/day). Global plant protein intake was 29.1 g/day. Region-specific intake was highest in the Middle East and North Africa (32.1 g/day) and lowest in the Former Soviet Union (25.5 g/day). Plant protein intake was usually greater in males than females. Additional findings for dairy protein, carbohydrate, added sugar, fiber, total fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, seafood omega-3 fat, plant omega-3 fat, and trans-fat will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions Our results show trends and variation in protein worldwide, by region, and by country. These data provide the best available global evidence on macronutrient intakes and are valuable for informing public health policy and disease prevention efforts. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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