scholarly journals Composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota in obese children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Ju. G. Samoilova ◽  
O. A. Oleynik ◽  
E. V. Sagan ◽  
I. N. Vorozhtsova ◽  
T. A. Filippova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Obese Children

This review summarizes the results from national and international studies regarding the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microbiota in health and the dominance of certain bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of obese children. Moreover, we discuss the relationships between the development of obesity and the changes in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota in children. These analyses are of scientific interest from the perspective of finding new targets and approaches to conservative management aimed at preventing and treating obesity through the restoration of intestinal microflora.

scholarly journals The correlation between intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 339-341
Author(s):  
E. M. Lipnitsky ◽  
Yu. S. Medkova ◽  
E. A. Akhmetgalieva ◽  
D. N. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Identification Of Species

The study of intestinal and oral microflora and their metabolites playing an important role in intestinal homeostasis, has led to the identification of species closely related to the development of colorectal cancer, intracellular correlations of fungi and bacteria compared to control. The correlation between oral microbiota and intestinal microflora, as well as associated with the mucous membrane of the large intestine, was revealed. It was noted that the use of eu- and probiotics improved the immunological indices and the structure of the intestinal microbiota. Thus, studying the oral and intestinal microbiota and its metabolites may prove to be a simple, accessible and informative method for the early diagnosis of colon cancer. However, most studies indicate only changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota, hardly revealing its cause-effect relations with the processes of tumor formation in the colon. Therefore, it is necessary to continue studies of this problem.

scholarly journals Weight and Health-related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Demetria Pizano ◽  
Rebecca Hedrick ◽  
Steven Clevenger ◽  
Samantha Cohen ◽  
Waguih William IsHak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Objective: This systematic review aims to examine the spectrum of research studies including cross-cultural and international studies that have focused on weight and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, studies published in the past 25 years from 1995 until 2020 that pertain to weight and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children and adolescents were identified through the use of Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PsycInfo databases. Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis and reached a final consensus on which studies to include using specific selection criteria followed by a quality check of the studies, resulting in the final selection of 25 studies. Results: The selected studies particularized the level of impaired quality of life among normal-weight, overweight and obese children and adolescents, and distinctly found that higher participant weight was correlated with a lower HRQoL score. Conclusion: Studies showed a significant negative correlation between weight and HRQoL. Multiple types of prevention and treatment programs are critically needed to provide resources to improve quality of life in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Supplementation with compound polysaccharides contributes to the development and metabolic activity of young rat intestinal microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2658-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxia Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Xie ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Yongxiong Chen ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Young Rat

Compound polysaccharides may be used as a functional food to modulate the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota, and to help maintain the health of the intestinal microecosystem.

scholarly journals Profile of Intestinal Microbiota and Anxiety Level in Overweight Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A25-A25
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Costa Bandeira Farias ◽  
Bruno Carvalho ◽  
Adauto Neto
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Abstract Justification: Obesity is considered a worldwide epidemic, with a significant increase in its prevalence in the last 30 years in both children and adolescents. Anxiety disorders can be considered both a cause and a consequence of obesity. The intestinal microbiota has been identified as a participant in the inflammatory process of both obesity and depression / anxiety disorders. Objective: Describe and compare the intestinal microbiota profile of overweight/obese children/teenagers with and without signs of anxiety. METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURES: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with an analytical character (comparison of groups), carried out during the months of January to October of the year 2019. 30 overweight/obesity children/teenagers (BMI greater than P85 – WHO 2007), between seven and 17 years old, convenience sampling. None of the participants had taken antibiotics during the past eight weeks of participation on the study or had chronic or endocrine disease that was not being adequately treated. The participants were divided into two groups: the first group consists of children/adolescents with excess weight without signs of anxiety (n 16) and the second group consists of children/adolescents with excess weight with signs of anxiety (n 14), assessed by a Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) screening questionnaire. Results: The group with signs of anxiety showing higher HOMA IR compared to the group without signs of anxiety with values ​​of 5.05 ± 2.08 and 3.47 ± 1.6 (p = 0.041), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference for beta diversity of the intestinal microbiota profile using the CHAO method (p = 0.025) and the Jackknife method (p = 0.01) between the groups with signs of anxiety and without signs of anxiety. Conclusion: difference was found between the intestinal microbiota diversity of obese children / adolescents with signs of anxiety in relation to the intestinal microbiota diversity of obese children / adolescents without signs of anxiety. This finding suggests a possible involvement of the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with anxiety disorders and depression in children/adolescents with weight excess.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Assessment in Obese Children and Adolescents by Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A716-A716
Author(s):  
Giuseppe d’Annunzio ◽  
Roberto Biassoni ◽  
Eddi Di Marco ◽  
Alberto La Valle ◽  
Gianluca Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Gut microbiota has been recently established to play a contributory role in the development and progression of obesity, a multifactorial disease predisposing to several comorbidities. Our aim was to evaluate the gut microbiota composition by machine learning algorithms in 33 Italian obese children and adolescents. Patients were divided in 3 groups: simple obesity (n=10, mean age 11.6 +3.0, median 10.8), metabolic syndrome (n=16, mean age 13.3+3.0, median 13.5) or Prader Willi syndrome (n=7, mean age 8.3+5.3, median 8.7). Inclusion criteria were living in Northern Italy, born singleton birth, personal history negative for acute or chronic gastrointestinal diseases and/or antibiotic or probiotics administration in the previous month. As controls 17 healthy control (mean age 12.0+2.4 median 10.6) were analyzed using the same approach. Statistical analysis for sparse high-throughput sequencing data algorithm (metagenomeSeq) using cumulative sum scaling for data normalization was performed. False discovery rate adjusted p-value using zero-inflated Gaussian fit statistical model (indicated with q). Over all analyses Parasutterella resulted with a q=0.014424, the comparison between obese patients and controls was q=0.021194. In the overall analysis Acidaminococcus intestini showed q=0.039528 while the comparison in pairs of two between metabolic syndrome and controls was q=0.03979. Using the EdgeR algorithm Clostridium bartlettii abundance between Prader Willi patients and controls resulted in q=0.02189. In overall analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens resulted q=6.1528E-17 (using the DESeq2 algorithm); in pairs analysis Ruminococcus flavefaciens showed significant difference in Prader Willi patients as compared to obese (q=0.013755) and metabolic syndrome ones (q=0.021898). In overall analysis Veillonellaceae showed a FDR q=0.029303. while its richness resulted more than 150 times higher in metabolic syndrome patients than in controls (q=0.039793 evaluated with DESeq2 algorithm). Among Veillonellaceae descendants, the Veillonella rogosae showed, on the contrary, the lowest abundance in metabolic syndrome patients as compared to other groups. In detail, Veillonella rogosae abundances were 13 (FDR q=0.014566), around 20 times (FDR q=0.010646) and >20 (FDR q=0.0025008) less abundant in metabolic syndrome patients than obese, Prader Willi patients and controls, respectively. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition was found among patients with different degrees of obesity and controls. Further, Prader Willi patients showed a peculiar microbiota assessment.

scholarly journals Meta-prebiotics: a new way to control the intestinal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Irina А. Кrylova ◽  
Vitalii I. Kupaev ◽  
Аrtem V. Lyamin ◽  
Danir D. Ismatullin
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Suboptimal Health Status ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Suboptimal Health

Objectives to analyze the quality and quantity of the intestinal microflora of relatively healthy people and/or of those who did not visit a doctor in the last 3 months, before and 1 month after taking a meta-prebiotic complex containing dietary fiber (inulin) and oligosaccharides (oligofructose). Material and methods. We examined the individuals who considered themselves healthy and/or did not consult a doctor during the past 3 months. To detect the presence of dyspeptic complaints, the clinical data were collected. 114 people with different suboptimal status and non-specific dyspeptic complaints were chosen for the study and underwent the clinical examination for the degree of gut microbiota imbalance before taking the meta-prebiotic complex. 78 people followed the course of the meta-prebiotic and were examined after 1 month after the start. Results. We have obtained new data on intestinal biocenosis at various suboptimal status in relatively healthy people: the total number of bacteria is insufficient. When using a meta-prebiotic complex containing inulin and oligofructose, the composition of the intestinal microflora was improved due to the decreased cases of detection of opportunistic enterobacteria and other gram-negative microorganisms. Conclusion. The significance of studying the intestinal microbiotic complex in patients with the increased suboptimal health status is proved, and the earlier active screening of this category of patients is recommended.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Obese Mexican Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khemlal Nirmalkar ◽  
Selvasankar Murugesan ◽  
María Pizano-Zárate ◽  
Loan Villalobos-Flores ◽  
Cristina García-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Mexican Children

Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by low-grade inflammation and accompanied by dyslipidemia and up-regulation of other bioactive molecules, creating a predisposition to endothelial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. We studied the association between gut microbiota diversity and endothelial dysfunction (EDF) markers in obese Mexican children and adolescents. We examined clinical data including metabolic factors and EDF markers in blood samples. Gut bacterial diversity was characterized by high-throughput sequencing of V3-16S rDNA libraries. Triglycerides, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistant (HOMA-IR), leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and EDF marker intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were significantly higher in obese children and adolescents. Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant positive associations between vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and Veillonellaceae, and between ICAM-1 and Ruminococcus in obese children. In obese adolescents, there was a statistically significant positive association between total cholesterol and Ruminococcus, and between ICAM-1 and Bacteroides. LEfSe analysis showed that the genus Lactobacillus and family Coriobacteriaceae were enriched in children, and genera Collinsella and Prevotella were enriched in obese adolescents. Obese children and adolescents had higher levels of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that obese Mexican children and adolescents had increased levels of CRP and a reduction of adiponectin, which causes higher expression of EDF markers, affecting endothelial function and associating with changes in the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota of Chinese Obese Children and Adolescents With and Without Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Ruimin Chen ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Xiangquan Lin ◽  
Xiaohong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates

ObjectiveThe intestinal flora of gut microbiota in obese Chinese children and adolescents with and without insulin resistance (IR) was analyzed, as well as associations between the gut microbiota and two serum cytokines related to glucose metabolism, adropin and angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4).MethodsClinical data, fecal bacterial composition, glucose-related hormones, and serum adipokines (adropin and ANGPTL4) were analyzed in 65 Chinese children with exogenous obesity. The composition of the gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA-based metagenomics and IR was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).ResultsThe 65 obese subjects were divided into two groups: insulin sensitive (IS) (n=40, 57.5% males) or IR (n=25, 60% males). Principal coordinates analysis revealed that the gut microbiota samples from the IS group clustered together and separated partly from the IR group (p=0.008). By Mann-Whitney U-test, at a phylum level, a reduction of Firmicutes and an increase of Bacteroidetes in the IR subjects was observed. LEfSe analysis revealed that IS subject, when compared to their IR counterparts, harbored members of the order Coriobacteriales, Turicibacterales, Pasteurellales and family Turicibacteraceae, that were significantly more abundant. In contrast, the IR subjects had members of family Peptococcaceae that were significantly more prevalent than the IS subjects (all p<0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that serum ANGPTL4 was positively associated with genus Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes, and adropin was positively associated with genus Anaerostipes and Alistipes, and negatively associated with genus Blautia (all p<0.05).ConclusionIn obese children, the gut microbiome in IR subjects was significantly discordant from the IS subjects, and the abundance of some metabolism-related bacteria correlated with the serum concentrations of adropin and ANGPTL4. These observations infer that the gut microbiota may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in obesity.

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of intestinal microflora in newborns with a different mode of delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
I. V. Nikolaeva ◽  
G. S. Shaikhieva ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
A. D. Tsaregorodtsev ◽  
I. Kh. Sharafutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Microbial Composition

The authors studied microbial composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in 20 babies born by caesarean section (main group) and 20 babies born vaginally (control group). There were isolated bifidobacteria from meconium at a concentration of 105– 1010 CFU/g by the bacteriological method in 4 (20%) children of the main group and 6 (30%) children in the control group. The gas-liquid chromatography revealed the metabolic activity of various representatives of the intestinal microflora in children of both groups, regardless of the mode of delivery; the indicators of metabolic activity were significantly lower than in the infants. The children in both groups had similar absolute and relative content of short-chain fatty acids in meconium. The data of gas-liquid chromatography indicate the metabolic activity of the meconium microbiota, which is dominated by anaerobic microbial populations and there is a high proportion of proteolytic and conditionally pathogenic flora. The data obtained confirm the process of intrauterine translocation of microbes from mother to child and indicate the importance of the microflora of the future mother in the process of forming the intestinal microbiota of the child.

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