scholarly journals UV-B light and its application potential to reduce disease and pest incidence in crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisca Meyer ◽  
Bram Van de Poel ◽  
Barbara De Coninck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Pest Incidence ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractUltraviolet-B radiation (280–315 nm), perceived by the plant photoreceptor UVR8, is a key environmental signal that influences plant growth and development and can reduce disease and pest incidence. The positive effect of UV-B on disease resistance and incidence in various plant species supports the implementation of supplemental UV-B radiation in sustainable crop production. However, despite many studies focusing on UV-B light, there is no consensus on the best mode of application. This review aims to analyze, evaluate, and organize the different application strategies of UV-B radiation in crop production with a focus on disease resistance. We summarize the physiological effects of UV-B light on plants and discuss how plants perceive and transduce UV-B light by the UVR8 photoreceptor as well as how this perception alters plant specialized metabolite production. Next, we bring together conclusions of various studies with respect to different UV-B application methods to improve plant resistance. In general, supplemental UV-B light has a positive effect on disease resistance in many plant–pathogen combinations, mainly through the induction of the production of specialized metabolites. However, many variables (UV-B light source, plant species, dose and intensity, timing during the day, duration, background light, etc.) make it difficult to compare and draw general conclusions. We compiled the information of recent studies on UV-B light applications, including e.g., details on the UV-B light source, experimental set-up, calculated UV-B light dose, intensity, and duration. This review provides practical insights and facilitates future research on UV-B radiation as a promising tool to reduce disease and pest incidence.

scholarly journals PHOTOTOXICITY OF α-TERTHIENYL AND PSORALENE INROSE AND MUSTARD APHIDS (MACROSIPHUM ROSAE & LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI) IN DOON VALLEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Deepa Saini
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Dose Intensity ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

Climate change has an impact on agriculture and insect pests that affect the crop production. Aphid pests occur throughout the temperate region of the world andcause direct damage by sucking plants sap which affects growth and yield of the crops. Species of aphids are diverse and ubiquitous but their importance among crop differs.Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an electromagnetic radiation and constitutes about 10% of the total light output of sunlight. Ultraviolet-B coming due to ozone depletion is the most photo chemically reactive wavelength of solar radiation and important stressor to organisms particularly in their early stages of life and affect ecosystem. Psoralene and alpha- terthienyl are naturally occurring plant metabolites found in many crops and become photo reactive in presence of solar ultraviolet- B radiation. Measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV-B and UV-E) was performed in Garhwalregion of Uttarakhand. Morphological, behavioural changes, mortality rate and glutathione contents were observed in mustard and roseaphids after ultraviolet-B irradiation with psoralene and α-terthienyl photo sensitizers. UV-B and UV-E radiation showed seasonal, diurnal and altitudinal variations. α- terthienyland psoralenewith ultraviolet-B radiation showed stunted growth, morphological changes, low reproduction and high mortality up to 26% in aphids. Reduction in glutathione (GSH) level in aphids was also observed after UV- B and photosensitizersexposure.Enhanced UV-B was found more toxic with photosensitizers andthus, can be used as natural insecticide. Dose, intensity and species dependent changes in toxicity of psoralene and α- terthienyl were observed in aphids. Resultsindicate that UV-B radiation with photosensitizers has toxic effect on aphids population, dispersal and diversity. Psoralene was found more toxic than α- terthienyl in aphids. Mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) was found more sensitive than rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae).

Pharmacological Uses of the Plants Belonging to the Genus Commiphora

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbiah Latha ◽  
Palanisamy Selvamani ◽  
Thangavelu Prabha
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Indigenous Uses ◽  
Available Information

: Natural products have a unique place in the healthcare industry. The genus Commiphora emerged as a potential medicinal with huge benefits as evidenced through its use in various traditional and modern systems of medicine. Therefore, we aimed to prepare a concise review on the pharmacological activities and the indigenous uses of various plant species belonging to the genus Commiphora along with the structural information of various active botanical ingredients present in these plants based on the published literatures and scientific reports. To collect the various published literatures on Commiphora in various journals; to study and classify the available information on the pharmacological uses and chemical constituents; and to present the gathered information as a precise review to serve as a potential reference for future research. Pharmacological and phytochemical data on Commiphora plant species were collected from various journals, books, reference materials, websites including scientific databases, etc for compilation. This review article describes the various pharmacological properties of plants of Commiphora species viz., Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory, Anti-atherogenic, Antibacterial, Anti-coagulant, Anti-dicrocoeliasis, Anti-epileptic, Anti-fascioliasis, Anti-fungal, Anti-heterophyidiasis, Anti-hyper cholesterolemic, Anti-hyperlipidemic, Anti-hypothyroidism, Anti-obesity, Anti-osteoarthritic, Anti-osteoclastogenesis, Anti-oxidant, Anti-parasitic, Anti-pyretic, Anti-schistosomiasis, Anti-septic, Anti-thrombotic, Anti-ulcer, Cardioprotective, COX enzyme inhibitory, Cytotoxic /Anti-carcinogenic/Anti-cancer, DNA cleavage, Hypotensive, Inhibits lipid peroxidation, Inhibits NO and NO synthase production, Insecticidal, Local anesthetic, Molluscicidal, Smooth muscle relaxant, Tick repellent activities along with toxicity studies. Furthermore, the review also included various secondary metabolites isolated from various species of Commiphora genus along with their chemical structures serve as a ready resource for researchers. We conclude that the plant species belonging to the genus Commiphora possesses abundant pharmacological properties with a huge treasure of diverse secondary metabolites within themselves. This review indicates the necessity of further in-depth research, pre-clinical and clinical studies with Commiphora genus which may help to detect the unidentified potential of the Commiphora plant species.

scholarly journals Potential applications of biogenic selenium nanoparticles in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants: A comprehensive insight on the mechanistic approach and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-475
Author(s):  
Efat Zohra ◽  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Ahmad A. Omar ◽  
Mujahid Hussain ◽  
Seema Hassan Satti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract In the present era, due to the increasing incidence of environmental stresses worldwide, the developmental growth and production of agriculture crops may be restrained. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have precedence over other nanoparticles because of the significant role of selenium in activating the defense system of plants. In addition to beneficial microorganisms, the use of biogenic SeNPs is known as an environmentally friendly and ecologically biocompatible approach to enhance crop production by alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses. This review provides the latest development in the green synthesis of SeNPs by using the results of plant secondary metabolites in the biogenesis of nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes with unique morphologies. Unfortunately, green synthesized SeNPs failed to achieve significant attention in the agriculture sector. However, research studies were performed to explore the application potential of plant-based SeNPs in alleviating drought, salinity, heavy metal, heat stresses, and bacterial and fungal diseases in plants. This review also explains the mechanistic actions that the biogenic SeNPs acquire to alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. In this review article, the future research that needs to use plant-mediated SeNPs under the conditions of abiotic and biotic stresses are also highlighted.

Looking to the horizon: the role of bilirubin in the development and prevention of age-related chronic diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
Marlies Wallner ◽  
Christine Mölzer ◽  
Silvia Gazzin ◽  
Andrew Cameron Bulmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Future Research Directions

Bilirubin, the principal tetrapyrrole, bile pigment and catabolite of haem, is an emerging biomarker of disease resistance, which may be related to several recently documented biological functions. Initially believed to be toxic in infants, the perception of bilirubin has undergone a transformation: it is now considered to be a molecule that may promote health in adults. Data from the last decade demonstrate that mildly elevated serum bilirubin levels are strongly associated with reduced prevalence of chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as CVD-related mortality and risk factors. Recent data also link bilirubin to other chronic diseases, including cancer and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to all-cause mortality. Therefore, there is evidence to suggest that bilirubin is a biomarker for reduced chronic disease prevalence and a predictor of all-cause mortality, which is of important clinical significance. In the present review, detailed information on the association between bilirubin and all-cause mortality, as well as the pathological conditions of CVD, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, is provided. The mechanistic background concerning how bilirubin and its metabolism may influence disease prevention and its clinical relevance is also discussed. Given that the search for novel biomarkers of these diseases, as well as for novel therapeutic modalities, is a key research objective for the near future, bilirubin represents a promising candidate, meeting the criteria of a biomarker, and should be considered more carefully in clinical practice as a molecule that might provide insights into disease resistance. Clearly, however, greater molecular insight is warranted to support and strengthen the conclusion that bilirubin can prevent disease, with future research directions also proposed.

Bacteria in agricultural soils: Diversity, role and future perspectives

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Biodiversity ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pesticide Biodegradation ◽  
Important Object ◽  
Bacterial Biodiversity

Bacteria in soil are very diverse, very numerous, and functionally important, and have historically been an important object of research by Canadian microbiologists. Only a small fraction of bacteria in soils are amenable to culturing in the laboratory, limiting the ability to study these organisms. Canadian scientists have contributed to the development and implementation of both nucleic acidbased and chemical biomarker-based methods now widely used for assessing soil microbial biodiversity without the need for isolation and cultivation. Pesticide degradation, and the cycling of nitrogen in soils are used here to illustrate the significance of bacterial biodiversity to soil functions relevant to human and environmental health, and crop production . There remains much to be discovered about the genetic and functional biodiversity of soil bacteria, and much to be gained from this knowledge. A number of recommendations are made for future research in soil bacteriology. Key words: Soil quality, bacteria, microbial biodiversity, pesticide biodegradation, nitrogen cycling.

Working with Industrial Cobots: The Influence of Reliability and Transparency on Perception and Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Lina Kluy ◽  
Eileen Roesler
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Human Robot Collaboration ◽  
Positive Effect

Industrial human-robot collaboration (HRC) is not yet widely spread but on the rise. This development raises the question about properties collaborative robots (cobots) need, to enable a pleasant and smooth interaction. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of transparency and reliability on perception of and trust towards cobots. A video-enhanced online study with 124 participants was conducted. Transparency was provided through the presentation of differing information, and reliability was manipulated through differing error rates. The results showed a positive effect of transparency on perceived safety and intelligence. Reliability had a positive effect on perceived intelligence, likeability and trust. The effect of reliability on trust was more pronounced for low transparent robots. The results indicate the relevance of carefully selected information to counteract negative effects of failures. Future research should transfer the study design into a real-life experiment with more fine-grained levels of transparency and reliability.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Control on Subjective Well-Being: Examining the Moderating Role of Trait and State Motivation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Zhao ◽  
Fusen Xie ◽  
Yuchen Luo ◽  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Yuan Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Ego Depletion ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Motivation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Moderating Role

It is well documented that self-control has a positive effect on individuals’ subjective well-being. However, little research has focused on the moderators underlying this relationship. The present research used two studies to examine the moderating role of both trait and state motivation on the relationship between self-control and subjective well-being using psychometric and experimental models, respectively. In Study 1, we explored whether trait motivation (including promotion vs. prevention motivation) moderated the relationship between trait self-control and subjective well-being using a psychometric model. In Study 2, we examined the moderating effects of both trait and state motivation on the effect of state self-control (measured via ego depletion) on subjective well-being using an experimental model. Our results indicated that self-control had a positive effect on subjective well-being, with this relationship being primarily moderated by prevention motivation. When state and trait prevention motivations were congruent, self-control had the most obvious impact on subjective well-being. This study suggests that current understandings around the association between self-control and happiness is limited, implying that motivation should be the focus of future research.

scholarly journals Impact of Training on Employees' Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman ◽  
Riaz Hussain Ansari ◽  
Himayat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of training on employee performance. The study investigates the association and offers proposals for additional investigations. There is a need to check the HR Practices and also quantify the effect across employees' performance. Based on the studies conducted by previous researchers, the study shows similar results that training practices and employee performance have a strong correlation. Taking other aspects into account, it can be said in general that the research discoveries are shifted; however, context remains similar. A few studies have discovered a positive affiliation, some negative, and some no affiliation at all. It was found from the result of the study that training has a positive effect on employee performance. This study shows that there is a solid relationship between training and employee performance. Therefore our result matched with the above researcher. The research shows a strong relationship between training and employee performance. The paper concludes with direction for future research by putting in the various levels of analysis on investigating the effect of training on employee performance.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BIAYA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR COST) BERDASARKAN MOTIF KEUANGAN, MOTIF ETIKA, DAN MOTIF ALTRUISTIK TERHADAP CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Djohan Utama ◽  
Devica Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Altruistic Motive ◽  
Financial Motive ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Positive Effect

This research aimed to determine the effect of CSR cost that the company paid for community, social, environment, etc. based on financial motive, ethic motive and altruistic motive simultaneously or partial, on the ROE and ROS of company.The research is quantitative research with the help of IBM SPSS Software 21 version with regression analysis. Population of this research is manufactured company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in the period 2011-2014. Samples were collected by purposive sampling method and 10 companies are used for this research.The result of the test is CSR cost based on ethic motive have a positive significant effect on ROE and ROS (sig. &lt; 0,05). However, both CSR cost based on financial motive and altruistic motive have no-significant effect on ROE and ROS (sig. &gt; 0,05). For the future research, the researcher recommend that the company which listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange are more transparent and detailed information on the CSR include the activities, the CSR target, the cost that company spend and all the other data about CSR. Then, the company which do the CSR investment and transparent with the CSR report can attract other potential investor for the company, so that can make a positive effect on the financial statement.<br />Keywords: CSR Motive, Financial Motive, Ethic motive, Altruistic Motive

scholarly journals Changes in botanical composition of alfalfa mixtures depending on the species and N fertilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nesic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
S. Vuckovic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
S. Josipovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Forage Plant ◽  
Leguminous Species ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Alfalfa is the most important forage plant in our country. It is mainly grown as pure crop for livestock nutrition, although it gives very good results when grown in mixture with other plant species. By growing in mixtures many advantages are achieved, the most important are: possibility for alfalfa to be used in grazing and reduced need for fertilization of grassland. In two year trial (2003-2004), changes in botanical composition of alfalfa mixtures depending on the present species in the mixture, i.e. their competitive abilities and fertilization with N, were monitored. Investigations showed that by ageing of crops the share of grasses increases and share of legumes and weeds decreases. Fertilization showed positive effect on strengthening of competitive abilities of grass in relation to leguminous species and increased share of weeds in forage mixtures.

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