scholarly journals Annual aboveground carbon uptake enhancements from assisted gene flow in boreal black spruce forests are not long-lasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Girardin ◽  
Nathalie Isabel ◽  
Xiao Jing Guo ◽  
Manuel Lamothe ◽  
Isabelle Duchesne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractAssisted gene flow between populations has been proposed as an adaptive forest management strategy that could contribute to the sequestration of carbon. Here we provide an assessment of the mitigation potential of assisted gene flow in 46 populations of the widespread boreal conifer Picea mariana, grown in two 42-year-old common garden experiments and established in contrasting Canadian boreal regions. We use a dendroecological approach taking into account phylogeographic structure to retrospectively analyse population phenotypic variability in annual aboveground net primary productivity (NPP). We compare population NPP phenotypes to detect signals of adaptive variation and/or the presence of phenotypic clines across tree lifespans, and assess genotype‐by‐environment interactions by evaluating climate and NPP relationships. Our results show a positive effect of assisted gene flow for a period of approximately 15 years following planting, after which there was little to no effect. Although not long lasting, well-informed assisted gene flow could accelerate the transition from carbon source to carbon sink after disturbance.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic disturbance drives dispersal syndromes, demography, and gene flow in spatially structured amphibian populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cayuela ◽  
Aurélien Besnard ◽  
Julien Cote ◽  
Martin Laporte ◽  
Eric Bonnaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Habitat Patch ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Dispersal Evolution

AbstractThere is growing evidence that anthropogenic landscapes can strongly influence the evolution of dispersal, particularly through fragmentation, and may drive organisms into an evolutionary trap by suppressing dispersal. However, the influence on dispersal evolution of anthropogenic variation in habitat patch turnover has so far been largely overlooked. In this study, we examined how human-driven variation in patch persistence affects dispersal rates and distances, determines dispersal-related phenotypic specialization, and drives neutral genetic structure in spatially structured populations. We addressed this issue in an amphibian, Bombina variegata, using an integrative approach combining capture–recapture modeling, demographic simulation, common garden experiments, and population genetics. B. variegata reproduces in small ponds that occur either in habitat patches that are persistent (i.e. several decades or more), located in riverine environments with negligible human activity, or in patches that are highly temporary (i.e. a few years), created by logging operations in intensively harvested woodland. Our capture–recapture models revealed that natal and breeding dispersal rates and distances were drastically higher in spatially structured populations (SSPs) in logging environments than in riverine SSPs. Population simulations additionally showed that dispersal costs and benefits drive the fate of logging SSPs, which cannot persist without dispersal. The common garden experiments revealed that toadlets reared in laboratory conditions have morphological and behavioral specialization that depends on their habitat of origin. Toadlets from logging SSPs were found to have higher boldness and exploration propensity than those from riverine SSPs, indicating transgenerationally transmitted dispersal syndromes. We also found contrasting patterns of neutral genetic diversity and gene flow in riverine and logging SSPs, with genetic diversity and effective population size considerably higher in logging than in riverine SSPs. In parallel, intra-patch inbreeding and relatedness levels were lower in logging SSPs. Controlling for the effect of genetic drift and landscape connectivity, gene flow was found to be higher in logging than in riverine SSPs. Taken together, these results indicate that anthropogenic variation in habitat patch turnover may have an effect at least as important as landscape fragmentation on dispersal evolution and the long-term viability and genetic structure of wild populations.

scholarly journals Roads Impact Tree and Shrub Productivity in Adjacent Boreal Peatlands

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Saraswati Saraswati ◽  
Yubraj Bhusal ◽  
Andrew J. Trant ◽  
Maria Strack
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Boreal Plains ◽  
The Road ◽  
Boreal Peatlands ◽  
Vegetation Surveys ◽  
Forested Bog

Peatlands in the western boreal plains of Canada are important ecosystems as they store over two percent of global terrestrial carbon. However, in recent decades, many of these peatlands have been fragmented by access roads constructed for resource extraction and transportation, challenging their carbon storage potential. To investigate how roads have been impacting tree and shrub growth and productivity in these peatlands, this study was conducted in a forested bog and woody fen in Carmon Creek, Alberta, Canada. In 2017, vegetation surveys were conducted along 20 m transects that extended on both sides of the road with 4 m2 circular plots at 2, 6 and 20 m distance from the road and were followed by disc or core collection from woody stems. Within 20 m of the road at the bog site, we observed a shift towards significantly larger radial growth of trees in the downstream areas (t = 3.23, p = 0.006) where water table position was deeper, while at the fen site, radial growth of tall shrubs had little response to the road. Combining the effects of direct tree clearing and hydrology induced shifts in growth, aboveground net primary productivity (NPPag) post-road construction was reduced significantly in areas where vegetation was cleared during the road construction (i.e., upstream areas of the bog: t = 5.21, p < 0.0001 and downstream areas of the fen: t = 2.64, p = 0.07). Substantially lower NPPag around the road construction areas compared to reference areas shows tremendous loss of carbon sink potential of trees and shrubs after road construction through peatlands. Altogether, roads constructed through peatlands perpendicular to the water flow may shift long-term carbon sinks into sources of carbon, at least for the initial few years following road construction.

Alternative method for estimating aboveground net primary productivity applied to balsam fir stands in eastern Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Lavigne ◽  
R J Foster ◽  
G Goodine ◽  
P Y Bernier ◽  
C H Ung
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference

Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) was measured in three balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests on a climatic transect extending from southern New Brunswick ("warm" study area) to central Quebec ("cool" study area). Annual foliar production was estimated with a relationship between cross-sectional area at breast height of the current-year annual xylem ring and the mass of current-year foliage, using data obtained by harvesting trees at the beginning of the study. This relationship differed among study areas. Annual branch production was determined from annual foliar production and the ratio of annual branch production to annual foliar production. The ratio of branch to foliar production was estimated from intensive measurement of a sample of branches collected at the end of the study period; it varied among years but was similar for all study areas. ANPP was 3.36 Mg C·ha–1·year–1 at the warm study area, 3.73 Mg C·ha–1· year–1 at the mid-transect study area, and 3.04 Mg C·ha–1·year–1 at the cool study area. These estimates of ANPP were greater than those estimated using a conventional method of summing up increment and litterfall. On average, the conventional estimate of ANPP was 83% of the estimate using relationships described above. Because net ecosystem productivity is the difference between NPP and heterotrophic respiration, a 17% underestimate of NPP can have a substantial effect on the estimate of carbon-sink activity of a forest.

Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Ambriz ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Eduardo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

Assessment of changes in the state of the rangelands of Inner Mongolia, China between 1998 and 2007 using remotely sensed data

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Hu ◽  
S. G. Li ◽  
J. W. Dong ◽  
J. W. Fan
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
The State ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

The spatial annual patterns of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and precipitation-use efficiency (PUE) of the rangelands of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, a region in which several projects for ecosystem restoration had been implemented, are described for the years 1998–2007. Remotely sensed normalised difference vegetation index and ANPP data, measured in situ, were integrated to allow the prediction of ANPP and PUE in each 1 km2 of the 12 prefectures of Inner Mongolia. Furthermore, the temporal dynamics of PUE and ANPP residuals, as indicators of ecosystem deterioration and recovery, were investigated for the region and each prefecture. In general, both ANPP and PUE were positively correlated with mean annual precipitation, i.e. ANPP and PUE were higher in wet regions than in arid regions. Both PUE and ANPP residuals indicated that the state of the rangelands of the region were generally improving during the period of 2000–05, but declined by 2007 to that found in 1999. Among the four main grassland-dominated prefectures, the recovery in the state of the grasslands in the Erdos and Chifeng prefectures was highest, and Xilin Gol and Chifeng prefectures was 2 years earlier than Erdos and Hunlu Buir prefectures. The study demonstrated that the use of PUE or ANPP residuals has some limitations and it is proposed that both indices should be used together with relatively long-term datasets in order to maximise the reliability of the assessments.

scholarly journals Assessment of Impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Net Primary Productivity in Mississippi

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrinidhi Ambinakudige ◽  
Sami Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
The United States

Abstract Southern forests contribute significantly to the carbon sink for the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) associated with the anthropogenic activities in the United States. Natural disasters like hurricanes are constantly threatening these forests. Hurricane winds can have a destructive impact on natural vegetation and can adversely impact net primary productivity (NPP). Hurricane Katrina (23–30 August 2005), one of the most destructive natural disasters in history, has affected the ecological balance of the Gulf Coast. This study analyzed the impacts of different categories of sustained winds of Hurricane Katrina on NPP in Mississippi. The study used the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model to estimate NPP by using remote sensing data. The results indicated that NPP decreased by 14% in the areas hard hit by category 3 winds and by 1% in the areas hit by category 2 winds. However, there was an overall increase in NPP, from 2005 to 2006 by 0.60 Tg of carbon, in Mississippi. The authors found that Pearl River, Stone, Hancock, Jackson, and Harrison counties in Mississippi faced significant depletion of NPP because of Hurricane Katrina.

Adaptation of Mediterranean forest species to climate: lessons from common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Ramírez‐Valiente ◽  
L Santos del Blanco ◽  
R Alía ◽  
JJ Robledo‐Arnuncio ◽  
J Climent
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Common Garden Experiments
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