scholarly journals Computational optical sectioning with an incoherent multiscale scattering model for light-field microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Zhi Lu ◽  
Jiamin Wu ◽  
Xing Lin ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Complete Space ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Scattering Model ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractQuantitative volumetric fluorescence imaging at high speed across a long term is vital to understand various cellular and subcellular behaviors in living organisms. Light-field microscopy provides a compact computational solution by imaging the entire volume in a tomographic way, while facing severe degradation in scattering tissue or densely-labelled samples. To address this problem, we propose an incoherent multiscale scattering model in a complete space for quantitative 3D reconstruction in complicated environments, which is called computational optical sectioning. Without the requirement of any hardware modifications, our method can be generally applied to different light-field schemes with reduction in background fluorescence, reconstruction artifacts, and computational costs, facilitating more practical applications of LFM in a broad community. We validate the superior performance by imaging various biological dynamics in Drosophila embryos, zebrafish larvae, and mice.

scholarly journals Computational optical sectioning by phase-space imaging with an incoherent multiscale scattering model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Zhi Lu ◽  
Jiamin Wu ◽  
Xing Lin ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Scattering Medium ◽  
Optical Sectioning ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Scattering Model ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Focus Information ◽  
Noisy Background

Optical sectioning is essential for fluorescence imaging in thick tissue to extract in-focus information from noisy background. Traditional methods achieve optical sectioning by rejecting the out-of-focus photons at a cost of photon efficiency, resulting in a tradeoff between sectioning capability and detection parallelization. Here, we show phase-space imaging with an incoherent multiscale scattering model can achieve computational optical sectioning with ~20 dB improvement for signal-to-background ratio in scattering medium, while maximizing the detection parallelization by imaging the entire volume simultaneously. We validated the superior performance by imaging various biological dynamics in Drosophila embryos, zebrafish larvae, and mice.

How to balance interfirm relationships? A case from high-speed railway industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1785-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Xiaopeng Deng ◽  
Bon-Gang Hwang ◽  
Yanliang Niu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Interfirm Relationships ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Interfirm Cooperation ◽  
Relationship Structures ◽  
Interfirm Competition

Purpose Balancing interfirm relationships is important for firms’ long-term superior performance. However, prior studies mainly focus on interfirm competition or interfirm cooperation separately, ignoring the balance of interfirm relationships. To bridge this gap in knowledge, this study aims to develop a framework to evaluate the balance of interfirm competition and interfirm cooperation and propose strategies to optimize a firm’s interfirm relationships. Design/methodology/approach After an in-depth literature review, a framework was developed for evaluating and optimizing the interfirm relationships. Taking the high-speed railway industry as an example, the proposed framework was implemented. Findings The results of the case confirm that the balancing of interfirm relationships can lead to more superior firm performance. Also, rather than mutual suppression, the interfirm competition and interfirm cooperation present a roughly positive relationship. Originality/value This study would contribute to the existing knowledge body by developing a framework for balancing interfirm relationships. Also, this study can aid practitioners in evaluating and optimizing their interfirm relationship structures.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF THE HUMAN POTENTIAL BY MEANS OF THE INTERNAL ENTROPY IN THE FIRM

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Jana Plchová
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Living Organisms

The approach expressed by its author A. Kopčaj as a Spiral management is based on the philosophy according to which the firm is perceived as a living organism. Living organisms are guided by the principle of reducing their entropy in order to ensure the inevitable energy as well as their long-term survival. The contribution is analysing one of the potential applications of the above-indicated approach to the firm in which the measurement of the so-called internal entropy gives the possibility to determine in a very precise way whether the new managerial approach can be or cannot be implemented in the firm in the current state or whether it is possible to define the strategies for cultivation of the firm´s social capital. The paper proceeds from the data acquired during practical applications of the Spiral management in the environment of the Czech and Slovak companies. Key words: entropy, social subsystem of the firm, technical subsystem of the firm, the Spiral management.

A Novel Peak-Seek Algorithm Used in FBG Sensor Demodulation System for Vibration Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Jun Cai ◽  
Zheng Ying Li ◽  
Zhi Hao Tang ◽  
Wei Meng ◽  
Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Vibration Monitoring ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fbg Sensor ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
The Stability

The FBG sensor technologies used for real-time monitoring of the mechanical vibration have attracted more and more concerns from both academic and industrial domains. In practical applications, the vibration frequency of the equipments generally reach up to a few hundred to several thousand Hz, however, the existing FBG demodulator is incompetent to meet the actual requirements of vibration monitoring in terms of demodulation speed and algorithm structures. To solve this problem while achieving a higher accuracy at a relatively lower computation cost, a novel adaptive semi-peak-seek algorithm based on state machine is proposed, which can be divided into three parts including data collection, data analysis and data verification. The experiment result shows that for the demodulation speed of 2 KHz, we can reach a demodulation accuracy of 1pm and a static noise within ±2pm. On the basis of a long term test, the stability error that less than 2pm and the system dynamic range of 0~ -30db are concluded, and the measurement error with the optical power attenuation is limited to 4pm. Thus, the proposed algorithm is capable to meet the requirements of high-speed demodulation devices in terms of speed, precision, stability and anti-interference properties.

Light-sensitive biosensors based on photoactive marine cultivated strains

Sensor Review ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Habibi ◽  
Maryam Fanaei ◽  
Giti Emtiazi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Imaging ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Living Organisms

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to construct imaging pixels using novel bioactive films. Despite the notable progress in electronic imaging devices, these sensors still cannot compete with biological vision counterparts such as the human eye. Light sensitive biolayers and pigments in living organisms show superior performance in terms of low noise operation and speed. Although photoactive biolayers have been used to construct electronic imaging devices, they are usually hard to develop, and the organisms that produce these active layers have low growth rates. Design/methodology/approach – Among 40 pigment producing prokaryotic marine bacteria, four strains which show faster growth rates in the presence of light are screened and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and visible absorption. Subsequently, they are used as active layers in light sensitive sensors. The performance of the obtained cells is eventually evaluated by time domain photoresponse measurements. Findings – It is shown that while the obtained strains have high growth rates and their mass volume reproduction is relatively simple, they provide many interesting characteristics such as high speed and low noise operation when incorporated as photosensitive layers. Originality/value – Because the mass reproduction of the obtained cultures is simple, they are an appropriate choice for use in planner and flexible document imaging devices and DNA microarray sensors.

scholarly journals Performance Investigation on Different Designs of Superhydrophobic Surface Texture for Composite Insulator

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyun Zhao ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Xinze Zhao ◽  
Mingyi Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Composite Insulator ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Column Design

To investigate the superhydrophobic properties of different surface textures, nine designs of textures with micro-nanostructures were produced successfully using the laser engraving technique on the surfaces of composite insulator umbrella skirt samples made of silicon rubber. The optimal parameters of the texture designs to give rise to the best hydrophobicity were determined. The surface morphology, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning and antifouling property of the different textured surfaces as well as water droplets rolling on the textured surfaces were studied experimentally using a contact angle meter, scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional topography meter and high-speed camera system. It was found that the diamond column design with optimal parameters has the best superhydrophobicity and overall performance. The most remarkable advantage of the optimal diamond column design is its robustness and long-term superhydrophobicity after repeated de-icing in harsh conditions. The reported work is an important step towards achieving superhydrophobic surface without coating for outdoor composite insulator in practical applications.

In situ TEM Studies of agglomeration of sub-nanometer Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Tai D. Nguyen ◽  
Ronald Gronsky ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kortright
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Rayleigh Instability ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Nanometer period Ru/C multilayers are one of the prime candidates for normal incident reflecting mirrors at wavelengths < 10 nm. Superior performance, which requires uniform layers and smooth interfaces, and high stability of the layered structure under thermal loadings are some of the demands in practical applications. Previous studies however show that the Ru layers in the 2 nm period Ru/C multilayer agglomerate upon moderate annealing, and the layered structure is no longer retained. This agglomeration and crystallization of the Ru layers upon annealing to form almost spherical crystallites is a result of the reduction of surface or interfacial energy from die amorphous high energy non-equilibrium state of the as-prepared sample dirough diffusive arrangements of the atoms. Proposed models for mechanism of thin film agglomeration include one analogous to Rayleigh instability, and grain boundary grooving in polycrystalline films. These models however are not necessarily appropriate to explain for the agglomeration in the sub-nanometer amorphous Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers. The Ru-C phase diagram shows a wide miscible gap, which indicates the preference of phase separation between these two materials and provides an additional driving force for agglomeration. In this paper, we study the evolution of the microstructures and layered structure via in-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and attempt to determine the order of occurence of agglomeration and crystallization in the Ru layers by observing the diffraction patterns.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

Measuring Long Term Superior Performance: Or How to Compare Apples with Oranges

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Yip ◽  
Timothy M. Devinney ◽  
Gerry Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Superior Performance

Recent Patents on the Angular Contact Ball Bearing of High-Speed Motorized Spindle

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudong Bao ◽  
Linkai Wu ◽  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Chengyi Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Angular Contact Ball Bearing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Background:: Angular contact ball bearings are the most popular bearing type used in the high speed spindle for machining centers, The performance of the bearing directly affects the machining efficiency of the machine tool, Obtaining a higher value is the direction of its research and development. Objective:: By analyzing the research achievements and patents of electric spindle angular contact bearings, summarizing the development trend provides a reference for the development of electric spindle bearings. Methods:: Through the analysis of the relevant technology of the electric spindle angular contact ball bearing, the advantages and disadvantages of the angular contact ball bearing are introduced, and the research results are combined with the patent analysis. Results:: With the rapid development of high-speed cutting and numerical control technology and the needs of practical applications, the spindle requires higher and higher speeds for bearings. In order to meet the requirements of use, it is necessary to improve the bearing performance by optimizing the structure size and improving the lubrication conditions. Meanwhile, reasonable processing and assembly methods will also have a beneficial effect on bearing performance. Conclusion:: With the continuous deepening of bearing technology research and the use of new structures and ceramic materials has made the bearing's limit speed repeatedly reach new highs. The future development trend of high-speed bearings for electric spindles is environmental protection, intelligence, high speed, high precision and long life.

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