scholarly journals No pervasive relationship between species size and local abundance trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christopher D. Terry ◽  
Jacob D. O’Sullivan ◽  
Axel G. Rossberg
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Abundance Trends ◽  
Local Abundance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Consistent Tendency

AbstractAlthough there is some evidence that larger species could be more prone to population declines, the potential role of size traits in determining changes in community composition has been underexplored in global-scale analyses. Here, we combine a large cross-taxon assemblage time series database (BioTIME) with multiple trait databases to show that there is no clear correlation within communities between size traits and changes in abundance over time, suggesting that there is no consistent tendency for larger species to be doing proportionally better or worse than smaller species at local scales.

Image-Guided Ablation of Neuroendocrine Tumor Liver Metastases

2019 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 038-045
Author(s):  
J. Hinshaw ◽  
Kelli Moore ◽  
Monika Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Over Time

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that require a multidisciplinary process to determine the most appropriate approach for patient management and therapy. Over time, the treatment algorithms have continuously evolved as the options have improved and changed. This manuscript reviews the current and potential role of image-guided ablation in the treatment of patients with metastatic NET to the liver. While some attention will be devoted to the basics of ablation, the focus will be on the role of image-guided ablation in these patients and issues specific to the treatment of NET's liver metastases with ablation.

Growth, Poverty, and Distribution in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Abebe Shimeles
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Over Time

The Ethiopian economy has maintained a rate of growth in output per worker for twenty years, averaging 6 per cent in real terms. As a result, per capita GDP during this period has doubled, the poverty rate has declined, and productivity in agriculture has improved. However, the country still grapples with rising youth unemployment and widespread poverty mediated by rapid population growth. This chapter examines the interactions between growth, poverty, and inequality by examining features of the Ethiopian labour market. The dynamics of poverty are discussed from the perspective of stylized facts on its components, including the persistence of poverty over time and the role of initial conditions in facilitating or impeding poverty reduction. The chapter investigates the potential role of changes in the sectoral share of employment on poverty and inequality under various policy settings.

scholarly journals RNase A Inhibits Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Früh ◽  
Katharina Tielking ◽  
Felix Schoknecht ◽  
Shuheng Liu ◽  
Ulf C. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Rnase A ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Over Time

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, is a life-threatening emergency that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests involvement of the innate immune response in secondary brain injury, and a potential role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) for SAH-associated neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of NETs in SAH and the potential role of the RNase A (the bovine equivalent to human RNase 1) application on NET burden.Methods: A total number of n=81 male C57Bl/6 mice were operated utilizing a filament perforation model to induce SAH, and Sham operation was performed for the corresponding control groups. To confirm the bleeding and exclude stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, the animals received MRI after 24h. Mice were treated with intravenous injection of RNase A (42μg/kg body weight) or saline solution for the control groups, respectively. Quadruple-immunofluorescence (IF) staining for cell nuclei (DAPI), F-actin (phalloidin), citrullinated H3, and neurons (NeuN) was analyzed by confocal imaging and used to quantify NET abundance in the subarachnoid space (SAS) and brain parenchyma. To quantify NETs in human SAH patients, cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from day 1, 2, 7, and 14 after bleeding onset were analyzed for double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) via Sytox Green.Results: Neutrophil extracellular traps are released upon subarachnoid hemorrhage in the SAS on the ipsilateral bleeding site 24h after ictus. Over time, NETs showed progressive increase in the parenchyma on both ipsi- and contralateral site, peaking on day 14 in periventricular localization. In CSF and blood samples of patients with aneurysmal SAH, NETs also increased gradually over time with a peak on day 7. RNase application significantly reduced NET accumulation in basal, cortical, and periventricular areas.Conclusion: Neutrophil extracellular trap formation following SAH originates in the ipsilateral SAS of the bleeding site and spreads gradually over time to basal, cortical, and periventricular areas in the parenchyma within 14days. Intravenous RNase application abrogates NET burden significantly in the brain parenchyma, underpinning a potential role in modulation of the innate immune activation after SAH.

scholarly journals Influence of gut microbiome on multiple myeloma: friend or foe?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000576
Author(s):  
Nausheen Ahmed ◽  
Mahmoud Ghannoum ◽  
Molly Gallogly ◽  
Marcos de Lima ◽  
Ehsan Malek
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Over Time

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells, which typically evolves over time from its precursor, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. While the underlying mechanisms of this evolution remain elusive, immunomodulatory factors affecting the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are suspected to play a role. There is an increasing evidence that the gut microbiome exerts an influence on its host’s adaptive and innate immune systems, inflammatory pathways and the BM microenvironment. Dysbiosis, therefore, may impact tumorigenesis in MM. This article gives an overview of potential mechanisms by which the microbiome may influence the pathogenesis of MM, MM patients’ responses to treatment and toxicities experienced by MM patients undergoing autologous transplant. It also discusses the potential role of the mycobiome in MM, a less studied component of the microbiome.

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lorino
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Process Orientation ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Intellectual Influence ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy ◽  
Over Time

Charles Sanders Peirce, the father of pragmatism and of semiotics, proposed a theory of sign that plays a key role in pragmatist philosophy and serves as a foundation for the theory of thought and action. According to Peirce, meaning is non-existent if there is no sign pointing to another sign (mediation). In other words, there is no meaning which does not generate signs from signs, in long teleological chains distributed over time in a certain direction (semiosis). Peirce insists that ‘the woof and warp of all thought is symbols’, that ‘every thought and action is a sign’. This chapter first looks at the biography of Peirce and his intellectual influence before outlining the key concepts of his semiotics—mediation and semiosis—as well as their process orientation. It concludes by discussing the potential role of these concepts in process-oriented organization studies.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

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