scholarly journals Metal nanoparticles as effective promotors for Maize production

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Son A. Hoang ◽  
Liem Q. Nguyen ◽  
Nhung H. Nguyen ◽  
Chi Q. Tran ◽  
Dong V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Reactive Method

Abstract Zero-valent metal nanoparticles (Cu, Fe and Co) were prepared by the reactive method from their oxide with hydrogen. The energy-rich solutions of metal nanoparticles were used for treatment Maize seeds prior to sowing. The treatment significantly improved the germination rate and early growth. Furthermore, both SOD and APX enzyme activity in leaves were improved, and enhanced the metabolism of superoxide, leading to increased drought resistance. The method was applied to the field over three seasons and greatly improved the harvest. In particular, the implementation of Cu particles at 4 mg/kg increased the productivity of the two Maize species more than 20%.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Metal nanoparticles as effective promotors for Maize production

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Son A. Hoang ◽  
Liem Q. Nguyen ◽  
Nhung H. Nguyen ◽  
Chi Q. Tran ◽  
Dong V. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Maize Production

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

scholarly journals Effect of X-ray irradiation on the F1 generation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and the germination rate of maize grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobifagha Princess Bell-Gam ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Uwaoma Otuodichinma Aguwa
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flour Production

Abstract Background The use of X-ray irradiation in the control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infesting stored maize was tested at 60, 70 and 80 KeV as part of the international concerted efforts to save maize production and enhance food security. Investigations were done in the laboratory at mean temperature and relative humidity of 29.2 °C and 75.7%, respectively using three varieties of maize. The possibility that X-ray irradiation can affect the viability of maize grains when planted after weevil control process was also evaluated in the laboratory. Standard methods were used to achieve the specific objectives, and X-ray machine snap constituted the exposure time for each dose. Results The results revealed 10% mortality of adult weevils after 24 h and 40% mortality after a period of 7 days. The result indicates moderate effect on mortality. Progressive increase in mortality was recorded as dose increased from 60 to 80 KeV. X-ray irradiation at the doses tested did not significantly (P > 0.05) restrict S. zeamais emergence from maize grains and did not also significantly protect grains against damage and flour production. There was no difference in the pattern of daily emergence of new progenies and pattern of accumulated emergence. The relationship between X-ray irradiation doses and weight of emerging progenies require more specific analysis. Absence of significant difference between the viability of irradiated grains and un-irradiated grains strongly suggests that X-ray irradiation did not adversely affect seed viability, and this gives irradiation technique an opportunity of higher acceptability in agriculture. Conclusions We recommend > 80 KeV of X-ray irradiation or its incorporation into integrated pest management system in order to achieve effective post-harvest control of the pest.

Chitosan coating on bean and maize seeds: release of agrochemical fungicide and post-storage condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Araceli Godínez-Garrido ◽  
Juan Gabriel Ramírez-Pimentel ◽  
Jorge Covarrubias-Prieto ◽  
Francisco Cervantes-Ortiz ◽  
Artemio Pérez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Germination Speed

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin; it has multiple applications in agriculture as an antifungal, soil conditioner, inducer of defense mechanisms, fruits postharvest coating, leaves and seeds, among others. The objective in this research was to evaluate the effect of chitosan coatings mixed with fungicide (dithiocarbamate) on the germination and germination speed of bean and maize seeds in storage and to determine the retention capacity of the fungicide in the coated seeds under different times of imbibition. Two coating treatments at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan in water, two coatings treatments at 0.1 and 0.5% chitosan supplemented with 0.5% fungicide and a coating without chitosan using only 0.5% fungicide in water were used in bean and maize seed; and as control seeds imbibed in distilled water were used; after treatments, germination percentage and germination speed were determined, also fungicide release were determined at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h of imbibition, and the effect of storage time on germination and germination speed was determined at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days of storage at 4 °C and 45% relative humidity. The fungicide release effect was determined by inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum conidia germination. There were no negative effects of coatings on seed germination after storage. The treatment that provided both greater retention of the fungicidal agent and released it gradually, was 0.5% chitosan mixed with fungicide concentration. Chitosan coating seeds mixed with fungicide do not cause negative changes in seed germination or germination rate.

scholarly journals Exogenous Brassinolide Enhances the Growth and Cold Resistance of Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Chilling Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujun Sun ◽  
Yunhan He ◽  
Ali Raza Irfan ◽  
Xinmeng Liu ◽  
Qiaoqiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Cold Sensitive

This paper aims to elucidate the effects of exogenous brassinolide (BL) on maize germination and seedling growth under chilling stress. The cold-resistant maize hybrid Tiannong 9 and the cold-sensitive hybrid Tianhe 1 were soaked at the germination stage (6 °C) and leaves were sprayed at seedling stage (4 °C), with BL at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L. The germination rate of the maize seeds and the changes in seedling biomass, antioxidant, photosynthetic, and plant endogenous hormone systems and chloroplast ultrastructures were determined. The results showed that the optimum concentration of BL to alleviate chilling stress in maize seedlings was 0.1 mg/L. This rate effectively increased the germination rate and plant biomass of maize and significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), and seedling auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3) and trans zeatin nucleoside (t-ZR) contents under chilling stress. In addition, BL significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). In the comparison of mesophyll cells, the chloroplast membrane of the treatment group was tightly attached to the stroma, and some of the plasma membranes were dissolved, but the overall structure of the chloroplast was relatively complete, and the osmiophilic granules were relatively few. The exogenous application of BL can effectively alleviate the damage caused by a low temperature in maize, maintain the normal characteristics of seedlings in chilling environments, and ensure the development and growth of plant tissue in the later stage.

scholarly journals Thermal stress and physiological changes in watermelon seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Marcelo do Nascimento Araujo ◽  
Fábio Luiz Santos Ornellas ◽  
Bárbara França Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT Given that watermelon is a crop widespread around the world, there is considerable interest in verifying how its seeds physiologically behave under unfavorable temperature conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical changes mobilization and reserves degradation, as well as the enzyme activity, during seed germination and initial growth of watermelon seedlings subjected to thermal stress, using temperature, germination percentage, germination rate and relative germination frequency over the incubation time as evaluation parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, with five temperatures (17 ºC, 20 ºC, 25 ºC, 30 ºC and 35 ºC) and three cultivars (Charleston Gray, Fairfax and Crimson Sweet), with 4 replicates of 50 seeds. Germination, seedling growth, reserve degradation and stress protection system were evaluated. Thermal stress caused deleterious effects on watermelon seeds with germination capacity at well defined temperature limits, being 25 ºC the ideal temperature, with the highest percentage of normal seedlings. Sub- (17 ºC) and supra-optimal (30 ºC) temperatures presented more than 80 % of abnormal seedlings. The α-amylase enzyme activity is intense only at the beginning of germination. Under thermal stress, the proline contents increase mainly in the cotyledons.

Variation between and within species of rapeseed (Brassica campestris and B. napus) in response to drought stress III. Physiological and physicochemical characters

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Richards
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Use Efficiency

Genotypic variation in physiological and physicochemical parameters associated with drought resistance was observed between cultivars in Brassica napus and B. campestris. Significant variation in proline accumulation, chlorophyll stability, germination rate and percentage, relative turgidity, growth rates and water use efficiency were found in plants grown under simulated drought conditions in a glasshouse. No variation was detected between cultivars for leaf diffusive resistance or heat tolerance. A yield index for each cultivar was derived from yield performances in nine different field environments. Chlorophyll stability and proline accumulation in leaf tissue and germination percentage in solution equivalent to –17.5 bars osmotic potential was clearly related to this yield index in B. napus and to a lesser extent in B. campestris. The winter cultivars of B. napus also possessed drought resistance characteristics, and they may be a valuable resource for the development of cultivars for droughted environments. Parameters were measured in a glasshouse, prior to anthesis, and therefore offer potential as ancillary selection criteria for drought resistance in oilseed rape growing in Western Australia.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Regulation of Gibberellin and the Establishment of Photosynthetic System Promote Rapid Seed Germination and Early Growth of Seedling in Pearl Millet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingchao Wu ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Chuang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Pearl Millet Seeds

Abstract Background：Seed germination is the most important stage for the formation of a new plant. This process starts when the dry seeds begin to absorb water and ends when the radicles sticks out. The germination rate of different plant seeds varies differently. Most energy plants that usually grow on marginal land, the rapid germination of seeds is more conducive to its superiority in competition with surrounding plants, which is also the guarantee of normal plant development and high yield. Pearl millet is an important cereal crop that shares widespread applications in the world. It has the advantages of fast growth, high yield, and low maintenance cost. It can also be used to extract bioethanol to solve the increasingly prominent energy problems. Previous germination experiments are the evidence of very fast seed germination rate of pearl millet, but the molecular mechanisms behind it is still unclear.Results: Through the germination test and the measurement of the germs and radicles length of the seedlings, we found that pearl millet seeds germinated very quickly after 24 hours of swelling of the dry seeds. By using transcriptome sequencing technology, we characterized the gene expression patterns of dry seeds, water imbibed seeds, germs and radicles of seedlings, and found the more DEGs in radicles than germs. Further analysis showed that different genome clusters function specifically at different tissues and time periods. WGCNA and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that that many genes that positively regulate plant growth and development are highly enriched and expressed, especially the gibberellin signaling pathway that can promote seed germination. We speculated that the activation of these key genes promotes the germination of pearl millet seeds and the growth of seedlings. To verify this inference, we measured the content of the main effect hormone gibberellin and found that the gibberellin content after seed imbibition rose sharply and remained at a high level.Conclusions：This study explored the expression patterns of genes involved in pearl millet growth from the germination of dry seeds to the early growth stages. Also identifies the key genes involved in the regulation of seed germination and seedling growth. The activation of key genes in these pathways may contribute to the rapid germination and growth of seeds and seedlings in pearl millet. These results provide new insights to solve the problem for the plants with slow seed germination and seedling growth.

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