scholarly journals A novel submerged Rotala rotundifolia, its growth characteristics and remediation potential for eutrophic waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoguang Gu ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Jibo Xiao ◽  
Shuyi Chu ◽  
Shuang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Abstract The vegetative growth and remediation potential of Rotala rotundifolia, a novel submerged aquatic plant, for eutrophic waters were investigated on different sediments, and under a range of nitrogen concentrations. Rotala Rotundifolia grew better on silt than on sand and gravel in terms of plant height, tiller number and biomass accumulation. Percent increment of biomass was enhanced at low water nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen concentration ≤10 mg/L). The maximum total nitrogen and total phosphorus removals in the overlying water were between 54% to 66% and 42% to 57%, respectively. Nitrogen contents in the sediments increased with increasing water nitrogen levels, whereas, nitrogen contents in the plant tissues showed no apparent regularity, and the greatest value was obtained at ammonium nitrogen concentration 15 mg/L. Both phosphorus contents in the sediments and tissues of plants were not affected significantly by additional nitrogen supply. Direct nitrogen uptake by plants was in the range of 16% to 39% when total phosphorus concentration was 1.0 mg/L. These results suggested that Rotala Rotundifolia can be used to effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic waters.

scholarly journals Reducing Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Different Crop Types in the Water Source Area of the Danjiang River, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjing Guo ◽  
Tiegang Zhang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Guoce Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Bare Land

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for plant growth and are the primary limiting nutrient elements. The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural systems can cause the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this paper, a field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted in a typical small watershed of the Danjiang River to study the nutrient loss process of nitrogen and phosphorus in slope croplands subjected to different crops and tillage measures. The characteristics of the runoff process and nutrient migration of different slope treatments were studied, which were the bare-land (BL, as the control), peanut monoculture (PL), corn monoculture (CL), bare land (upper slope) mixed with peanut monoculture (lower slope) (BP), corn and peanut intercropping (TCP), corn and soybean intercropping (TCS), downslope ridge cultivation (BS) slope, and straw-mulched (SC), respectively. The results showed that the runoff of CL, SC, TCS, BS, BP, PL and TCP slope types were 93%, 75%, 51%, 39%, 28%, 12%, and 6% of the those of the bare land, respectively. The total nitrogen concentration in runoff on different slope types decreased in the order of BP > PL > BS > SC > TCP > BL > CL > TCS. The BL was characterized with the highest NRL-TN (the loss of total nitrogen per unit area), with the value of 1.188 kg/hm2, while those of the TCP is the smallest with the value of 0.073 kg/hm2. The total phosphorus concentration in runoff decreasd in the order of BS > BP > PL > BL > TCP > SC > CL > TCS. The PRL-TP (the loss of total phosphorus per unit area) of BL is the largest (0.016 kg/hm2), while those of TCP is the smallest (0.001 kg/hm2). These indicate that the loss of nitrogen is much higer than that of phosphorus. The loss of nitrogen in runoff is dominated by nitrate nitrogen, which accounts for 54.4%–78.9% of TN. Slope croplands in the water source area should adopt the tillage measures of TCP and PL.These measures can reduce 85% of the runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the bare land. The results may assist in agricultural non-point source pollution control and help promote improved management of the water environment in the Danjiang River’s water source area.

Periphyton biomass and community composition in rivers of different nutrient status

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Chételat ◽  
F R Pick ◽  
A Morin ◽  
P B Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Chl A

Epilithic periphyton was investigated in riffle zones of 13 rivers in southern Ontario and western Quebec to describe how algal biomass and community composition vary with nutrient concentration and water velocity during summer. Algal biomass (milligrams chlorophyll a (Chl a) per square metre) was strongly correlated with total phosphorus concentration (r2 = 0.56, p < 0.001) and conductivity (r2 = 0.71, p < 0.001) of the overlying water but unrelated to water velocity over the range of 10-107 cm·s-1. Differences in periphyton Chl a were associated with changes in biomass of Chlorophyta (r2 = 0.51, p = 0.001) and Bacillariophyta (r2 = 0.64, p < 0.001) and were not related to Rhodophyta and Cyanophyta biomass (p > 0.10). The relative proportions of taxonomic divisions varied with total standing stock. Percent Chlorophyta biomass increased with periphyton Chl a and was the largest fraction at moderately eutrophic sites. Rhodophyta contributed the most biomass at sites with the lowest Chl a. Cladophora, Melosira, and Audouinella biomasses were positively correlated with total phosphorus concentration over the range of 6-82 µg·L-1 (r2 = 0.39-0.64, p < 0.005), and these genera were dominant at sites with the highest nutrient concentrations.

scholarly journals Effects of Straw Returning Combine with Biochar on Water Quality under Flooded Condition

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1633
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Xiyun Jiao ◽  
Huandi Li ◽  
Yunhao An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration ◽  
Observation Period

Biochar is generally available to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants to improve water quality. However, the feasibility of biochar in improving water quality deterioration after straw returning is still unclear. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of straw decomposition on total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and potassium permanganate index (CODMn) under CK (no straw returning), ST (straw of 7 t/hm2 returning) and SC (straw of 7 t/hm2 and biochar of 20 t/hm2 returning) conditions. Results showed that straw returning could significantly increase the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in field water. After adding biochar, there were significant differences in TP, NH4+-N, NO3−-N and CODMn both in surface water and 0–10 cm soil water in SC treatment compared to ST treatment. The concentration of TP, NH4+-N, NO3−-N and CODMn in surface water under SC treatment were always lower than that under ST treatment, and the maximum concentration could decrease by 52.29%, 39.67%, 35.23% and 44.50%, respectively. In 0–10 cm soil water, the concentration of TP, NO3−-N and CODMn under SC treatment was always significantly higher than that under ST treatment, and the NH4+-N concentration in SC treatment was gradually higher than that under ST treatment at the middle-late observation period. Results indicate that straw returning combined with biochar can effectively decrease the nitrogen concentration, phosphorus concentration and organic pollutants in surface water, inhibit the diffusion of non-point source pollutant, and reduce the risk of water pollution caused by straw returning.

Response of summer chlorophyll concentration to reduced total phosphorus concentration in the Rhine River (Netherlands) and the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta (California, USA)

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1529-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin E Van Nieuwenhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Fold Reduction

Reductions in wastewater loading led to significant declines in mean summer total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll concentration (Chl) in two large flowing water systems despite their initially shallow (<2 m) euphotic depth and continually high (>40 mg·m-3) soluble reactive P concentration. In the Rhine River, a gradual 2.7-fold reduction in TP resulted in a 4-fold decline in Chl. In the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta, an abrupt 1.5-fold reduction in TP led to an equally abrupt 2.6-fold reduction in Chl. Neither response could be attributed to coincidental changes in flow, light, or nitrogen concentration. The slope of the response (Chl:TP) in both systems paralleled the average trajectory calculated using an among-system TP–Chl relationship for a broad cross section of flowing waters. The results suggest that TP was the principal determinant of Chl in both systems and that control of phosphorus loading may be an effective tool for managing eutrophication in other flowing water systems with relatively high (10–100 mg·m-3) soluble reactive P concentrations.

Lake Paranoá, Brasília, Brazil: Integrated Management Plan for its Restoration

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paulino Mattos ◽  
Irene Guimarães Altafin ◽  
Hélio José de Freitas ◽  
Cristine Gobbato Brandão Cavalcanti ◽  
Vera Regina Estuqui Alves
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Abstract Built in 1959, Lake Paranoá, in Brasilia, Brazil, has been undergoing an accelerated process of nutrient enrichment, due to inputs of inadequately treated raw sewage, generated by a population of 600,000 inhabitants. Consequently, it shows high nutrient content (40 µg/L of total phosphorus and 1800 µg/L of total nitrogen), low transparency (0.65 m) and high levels of chlorophyll a (65 µg/L), represented mainly by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and sporadic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, which is being combatted with copper sulphate. With the absence of seasonality and a vertical distribution which is not very evident, the horizontal pattern assumes great importance in this reservoir, in which five compartments stand out. Based on this segmentation and on the identification of the total phosphorus parameter as the limiting factor for algal growth, mathematical models were developed which demonstrate the need for advanced treatment of all the sewage produced in its drainage basin. With this, it is expected that a process of restoration will be initiated, with a decline in total phosphorus concentration to readings below 25 µg/L. Additional measures are proposed to accelerate this process.

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

Forest harvest impacts on water quality and aquatic biota on the Boreal Plain: introduction to the TROLS lake program

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
E E Prepas ◽  
B Pinel-Alloul ◽  
D Planas ◽  
G Méthot ◽  
S Paquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Buffer Strip ◽  
Stratified Lakes ◽  
Lake Volume ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Eleven headwater lakes in Alberta's Boreal Plain were monitored for nutrients and plankton 2 years before and 2 years after variable watershed harvesting (harvesting mean 15%, range 0-35%). After harvesting, variations in annual precipitation resulted in lake water residence times that differed by an order of magnitude from one year to the next. During the first posttreatment year, total phosphorus concentrations increased (overall 40%) in most lakes; however, response was most consistent in lakes that were shallow and the water column mixed or weakly thermally stratified. Chlorophyll a, cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon-Anabaena), and cyanotoxins (microcystin-LR) increased after harvesting, primarily in shallow lakes. Zooplankton abundance and biomass decreased after harvesting, particularly in stratified lakes where edible phytoplankton biomass declined. In the weakly or nonstratified lakes, declines in zooplankton biomass were associated with higher cyanobacterial biomass and cyanotoxins. Posttreatment change in total phosphorus concentration was strongly related to weather (greatest response in a wet year) and relative drainage basin size (drainage basin area to lake volume, r2 = 0,78, P << 0,01). There was no evidence that buffer strip width (20, 100, and 200 m) influenced lake response. These results suggest that activities within the entire watershed should be the focus of catchment-lake interactions.

Water Quality, Phosphorus Budgets and Management of Dune Lakes Used for Recreation in Queensland (Australia)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Arthington ◽  
G. J. Miller ◽  
P. M. Outridge
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Lake Depth ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Dune Lakes ◽  
Phosphorus Budgets ◽  
Recreational Use

The water quality and trophic status of two Queensland dune lakes are compared in the context of assessing the impacts of recreational use and other human activities. Lake Freshwater, Cooloola, has a mean total phosphorus concentration of 12.1 ± 3.3 µg l−1 and is approaching mesotrophic status, whereas Blue Lagoon, Moreton Island, is oligotrophic. Natural loadings of total phosphorus, ranging from 0.2 to 0.35 g m−2 yr−1, are consistent with the progression of Lake Freshwater from oligotrophic to mesotrophic status. The phosphorus loadings predicted by Vollenweider's (1976) one-compartment model, for two values of mean lake depth, also indicate that Lake Freshwater is tending towards eutrophic conditions. The management implications of phosphorus loadings and budgets are discussed.

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