scholarly journals Objectum sexuality: A sexual orientation linked with autism and synaesthesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Simner ◽  
James E. A. Hughes ◽  
Noam Sagiv
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Sexual Feelings

AbstractObjectum-sexuality (OS) is a sexual orientation which has received little attention in the academic literature. Individuals who identify as OS experience emotional, romantic and/or sexual feelings towards inanimate objects (e.g. a bridge, a statue). We tested 34 OS individuals and 88 controls, and provide the first empirical evidence that OS is linked to two separate neurodevelopmental traits - autism and synaesthesia. We show that OS individuals possess significantly higher rates of diagnosed autism and significantly stronger autistic traits compared to controls, as well as a significantly higher prevalence of synaesthesia, and significant synaesthetic traits inherent in the nature of their attractions. Our results suggest that OS may encapsulate autism and synaesthesia within its phenomenology. Our data speak to debates concerning the biological underpinnings of sexuality, to models of autism and synaesthesia, and to psychological and philosophical models of romantic love.

Do Unlisted Targets Sell at Discounts?

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Jaffe ◽  
Jan Jindra ◽  
David J. Pedersen ◽  
Torben Voetmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Jensen’S Inequality ◽  
Jensen's Inequality ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Acquisition Pricing

Academic literature, practitioners, courts, and regulators routinely assert that both private and subsidiary targets sell at discounts relative to public targets. However, the empirical evidence to support this conclusion is thin. Our work alters the methodology from prior research to avoid biases due to both one-sided sample truncation and Jensen’s inequality. Following these changes, we find no evidence that unlisted targets sell at discounts. Our results hold under a number of different approaches and after controlling for known determinants of acquisition pricing.

Feminist Themes in Television Crime Dramas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Jurik ◽  
Gray Cavender
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Real World ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Crime Dramas

The academic literature notes that male-centered protagonists dominated the crime genre (novels, film, television) for many years. However, beginning in the 1970s, when women began to enter the real world of policing, they also began to appear in the crime genre. Scholars describe how in those early years, women were depicted as just trying to “break in” to the formerly male world of genre protagonists. They experienced antipathy from their peers and superiors, a situation that continued into the 1980s. In the 1990s, television programs like Prime Suspect addressed the continuing antipathy but also demonstrated that the persistence and successes of women protagonists began to change the narrative of the crime genre. Indeed, some scholars noted the emergence of a feminist crime genre in which plot lines were more likely to address issues that concerned women, including issues of social justice that contextualized crimes. Not only was there an abundance of women-centered genre productions, there was a significant increase in academic scholarship about these protagonists. Some scholars argue that once women in the crime genre reached a critical mass, some of their storylines began to change. There was a tendency for women to be seen as less feminist in their career orientations and more like traditional genre protagonists, e.g., brooding, conflicted, and oppressive. Plots abandoned social justice issues in favor of more traditional “whodunits” or police procedural narratives. The same darkness that characterized men in the crime genre could now be applied to women. Some scholars have argued that a few feminist-oriented productions continue to appear. These productions demonstrate a concern not only with gender but also with issues pertaining to race, class, sexual orientation, and age. For the most part, these productions still center on white, heterosexual women, notwithstanding some attention to these larger social matters.

scholarly journals Uncalculating cooperation is used to signal trustworthiness

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. 8658-8663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian J. Jordan ◽  
Moshe Hoffman ◽  
Martin A. Nowak ◽  
David G. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence ◽  
Do So

Humans frequently cooperate without carefully weighing the costs and benefits. As a result, people may wind up cooperating when it is not worthwhile to do so. Why risk making costly mistakes? Here, we present experimental evidence that reputation concerns provide an answer: people cooperate in an uncalculating way to signal their trustworthiness to observers. We present two economic game experiments in which uncalculating versus calculating decision-making is operationalized by either a subject’s choice of whether to reveal the precise costs of cooperating (Exp. 1) or the time a subject spends considering these costs (Exp. 2). In both experiments, we find that participants are more likely to engage in uncalculating cooperation when their decision-making process is observable to others. Furthermore, we confirm that people who engage in uncalculating cooperation are perceived as, and actually are, more trustworthy than people who cooperate in a calculating way. Taken together, these data provide the first empirical evidence, to our knowledge, that uncalculating cooperation is used to signal trustworthiness, and is not merely an efficient decision-making strategy that reduces cognitive costs. Our results thus help to explain a range of puzzling behaviors, such as extreme altruism, the use of ethical principles, and romantic love.

scholarly journals Structural Ageism in Big Data Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (s1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rosales ◽  
Mireia Fernández-Ardèvol
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Older People ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Digital Systems ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Biased Samples

Abstract Digital systems can track every activity. Their logs are the fundamental raw material of intelligent systems in big data approaches. However, big data approaches mainly use predictions and correlations that often fail in the prediction of minorities or invisibilize collectives, causing discriminatory decisions. While this discrimination has been documented regarding, sex, race and sexual orientation, age has received less attention. A critical review of the academic literature confirms that structural ageism also shapes big data approaches. The article identifies some instances in which ageism is in operation either implicitly or explicitly. Concretely, biased samples and biased tools tend to exclude the habits, interests and values of older people from algorithms and studies, which contributes to reinforcing structural ageism.

scholarly journals Assumption of the Myths of Romantic Love: Its Relationship With Sex, Type of Sex-Affective Relationship, and Sexual Orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Cubells-Serra ◽  
Alejandro Sánchez-Sicilia ◽  
Priscila Astudillo-Mendoza ◽  
Neli Escandón-Nagel ◽  
María José Baeza-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Asymmetric Power ◽  
Heterosexual Hegemony

Romantic love promotes and lays the foundation for the development of hegemonic affective sex relationships, guiding the normative ways of feeling and experiencing love. This way of conceiving love is an intrinsic part of women's subordination, and it entails a greater tolerance for situations of violence in sex-affective relationships in which the exercise of asymmetric power relations between men and women is legitimized. With the current advent of the postmodern stage, a wide variety of dissident (non-heterosexual) sexual orientations with heterosexual hegemony have been given greater visibility and legitimacy, and new ways of relating to sex affectively have emerged initially opposed to traditional romantic discourse, the fundamental pillar of monogamy. The aim of the present work was to study whether these different ways of linking us and understanding affective sex relations marked a significant difference with respect to the heterosexual monogamous hegemonic model in the assumption of the mythified ideas of romantic love. Therefore, we studied the relationship between sex, sexual orientation, and the type of sex-affective relationship (monogamous or non-monogamous by consensus) in the assumption of the myths of romantic love. For this purpose, an instrument that showed appropriate psychometric properties was created, and a cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 1,235 people who completed a self-administered online questionnaire. The results indicated that there were no significant differences according to sex, but there were differences in sexual orientation and type of relationship. It may be concluded that a person, regardless of sex, heterosexual or homosexual, monogamous or who has never had affective sex relations, will have a significantly greater probability of assuming the myths of romantic love than a person with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual or homosexual and who is in a non-monogamous consensual relationship.

Gender identity and sexual orientation in autism spectrum disorder

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 970-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita George ◽  
Mark A Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing

Clinical impressions indicate that there is an overrepresentation of gender-dysphoria within the autism spectrum disorder. However, little is presently known about the demographics of gender-identity issues in autism spectrum disorder. Based upon what little is known, we hypothesized that there would be an increased prevalence of gender-dysphoria among those with autism spectrum disorder compared to a typically developing population. We surveyed gender-dysphoria with the Gender-Identity/Gender-Dysphoria Questionnaire among 90 males and 219 females with autism spectrum disorder and compared these rates to those of 103 males and 158 females without autism spectrum disorder. When compared to typically developing individuals, autistic individuals reported a higher number of gender-dysphoric traits. Rates of gender-dysphoria in the group with autism spectrum disorder were significantly higher than reported in the wider population. Mediation analysis found that the relationship between autistic traits and sexual orientation was mediated by gender-dysphoric traits. Results suggest that autism spectrum disorder presents a unique experience to the formation and consolidation of gender identity, and for some autistic individuals, their sexual orientation relates to their gender experience. It is important that clinicians working with autism spectrum disorder are aware of the gender-diversity in this population so that the necessary support for healthy socio-sexual functioning and mental well-being is provided.

scholarly journals Regulatory Cooperation on Cross-Border Banking – Progress and Challenges After the Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. R40-R49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Beck
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Bank Resolution ◽  
Regulatory Cooperation ◽  
Recent Policy

This paper surveys the recent academic literature on the economics of cross-border regulatory cooperation as well as recent policy developments in this area. While institutional arrangements of cross-border regulatory cooperation used to focus on day-to-day supervisory tasks, the crisis has given an impetus to a focus on cooperation at the bank resolution stage, with an array of different cooperation forms. A growing theoretical literature has documented different externalities arising from national supervision of cross-border banks, while empirical evidence has been relatively scarce. The paper concludes with a forward looking agenda both for policy reform and academic research in this area.

Rediscovering the Role of Developing Countries in GATT before the Doha Round

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizel Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Doha Round ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Defensive Role

Developing countries have been characterized by some eminent writers on the GATT as having played an essentially defensive role in the GATT, unwilling to make tariff concessions, and are said to have focused almost exclusively on securing special and differential treatment concessions. This perspective has become part of the conventional wisdom in the academic literature on the GATT. This paper argues, based on empirical evidence, that the conventional argument is not an accurate description of the role of developing countries in the ITO and the GATT and that developing countries have played an active role in shaping the agenda of the GATT/WTO.

scholarly journals Public Goods: Re-examination, Related Concepts and Distinctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03062
Author(s):  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Government

The essay is aiming at answering‘How do economists distinguish between public goods and private goods? What problems does the existence of public goods pose for the market? How might the government intervene to address the problems of public goods? Illustrate with an example or examples drawn from your work experience or the academic literature’. This essay consists of three parts exploring different issues related to the resolution of public goods and externalities problems. The first section is to identify the public goods and private goods from an economic scope. Whereas the second part is to explore the possible obstacles the public goods would pose for the market. And the final part is to figure out how government would resolve the addressed problems by intervention and use valid empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of these intervention and actions.

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