scholarly journals Low dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals from microalgae improves feed efficiency and modifies intermediary metabolisms in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Perera ◽  
David Sánchez-Ruiz ◽  
María Isabel Sáez ◽  
Alba Galafat ◽  
André Barany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate two functional feeds for the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, containing low inclusion of two microalgae-based products (LB-GREENboost, LBGb; and LB-GUThealth, LBGh). Fish (12–13 g) were fed for 13 weeks a control diet or one of the four diets supplemented with both products at 0.5% or 1%. LBGb and LBGh did not affect specific growth rate or survival, but increased feed efficiency by decreasing feed intake and enlarging the intestines. LBGb increased hepatosomatic index and reduced cortisol levels in plasma, while both products lowered plasma lactate. Extensive metabolite and metabolic enzyme profiling revealed that microalgae supplementations, especially 1% LBGh: (i) decrease plasma lactate and increase hepatic glycogen, (ii) reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis, (iii) enhance hepatic lipogenic activity and lipid secretion, (iv) led fish to double triglyceride content in muscle and to stimulate its lipid oxidative capacity, and (v) increase the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid in muscle. This study demonstrates that both microalgae-based products are suited to improve feed efficiency and orchestrate significant changes in the intermediary metabolism in gilthead seabream juveniles.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fishmeal Replacement by Poultry By-Product Meal and Hydrolyzed Feather Meal on Liver and Intestinal Histomorphology and on Intestinal Microbiota of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8806
Author(s):  
Pier Psofakis ◽  
Alexandra Meziti ◽  
Panagiotis Berillis ◽  
Eleni Mente ◽  
Konstantinos A. Kormas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement

The effects on liver and intestinal histomorphology and on intestinal microbiota in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed diets that contained poultry by-product meal (PBM) and hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) as fishmeal replacements were studied. Fish fed on a series of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, where fishmeal protein of the control diet (FM diet) was replaced by either PBM or by HFM at 25%, 50% and 100% without amino acid supplementation (PBM25, PBM50, PBM100, HFM25, HFM50 and HFM100 diets) or supplemented with lysine and methionine (PBM25+, PBM50+, HFM25+ and HFM50+ diets). The use of PBM and HFM at 25% fishmeal replacement generated a similar hepatic histomorphology to FM-fed fish, indicating that both land animal proteins are highly digestible at low FM replacement levels. However, 50% and 100% FM replacement levels by either PBM or HFM resulted in pronounced hepatic alterations in fish with the latter causing more severe degradation of the liver. Dietary amino acid supplementation delivered an improved tissue histology signifying their importance at high FM replacement levels. Intestinal microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (58.8%) and Actinobacteria (32.4%) in all dietary groups, but no specific pattern was observed among them at any taxonomic level. This finding was probably driven by the high inter-individual variability observed.

scholarly journals Porcine Protein Hydrolysates (PEPTEIVA®) Promote Growth and Enhance Systemic Immunity in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Enric Gisbert ◽  
Antoni Ibarz ◽  
Joana P. Firmino ◽  
Laura Fernández-Alacid ◽  
Ricardo Salomón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cellular Immune

The effects of porcine plasma protein hydrolysate (PPH) on growth, feed efficiency, and immune responses was evaluated in Sparus aurata. Fish were fed two isoproteic (48% protein), isolipidic (17% fat), and isoenergetic diets (21.7 MJ/kg) diets, one of them containing 5% PPH at the expense of fishmeal. Both diets were tested for 92 days. A significant increase in growth was observed in fish fed the PPH diet in comparison to the control group (182.2 ± 4.4 vs. 173.8 ± 4.1 g), as well as an increase in feed intake without worsening FCR values. An ex vivo assay, with splenocytes incubated with lipopolysaccharide, was conducted to evaluate the cellular immune competence of fish. Genes involved in humoral immunity (lys, IgM), pro- (tnf-α, il-1β), and anti-inflammatory (tgf-β1, il10) cytokines were upregulated in the PPH group in comparison to the control group. The inclusion of PPH in diets enhanced the antibacterial capacity of skin mucus, as the co-culture of selected bacteria (E. coli, V. anguillarum, and P. anguilliseptica) with skin mucus indicated. The present results showed that the PPH in low fishmeal diets (2%) promoted growth and feed efficiency, as well as enhancing the immune response, which indicates that this is a safe and functional ingredient for aquafeeds.

scholarly journals Phenylalanine and Tyrosine as Feed Additives for Reducing Stress and Enhancing Welfare in Gilthead Seabream and Meagre

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Natalia Salamanca ◽  
Inmaculada Giráldez ◽  
Emilio Morales ◽  
Ignacio de La Rosa ◽  
Marcelino Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Food Supplementation ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Interspecific Differences

Increased aquaculture production is associated with a growing interest in improving fish welfare. For this reason, the search for strategies to mitigate stress has intensified, one of these strategies being food supplementation with amino acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary phenylalanine (Phe) and Tyrosine (Tyr) on the stress response and metabolism of juvenile gilthead seabreams (Sparus aurata) and meagres (Argyrosomus regius). Fish batches were fed a control diet and two diets supplemented with 5% Phe or Tyr for seven days. At the end of the experiment fish were stressed by air exposure for 3 min and then sacrificed for the extraction of blood and brain. Classical plasma stress markers were analyzed (glucose, lactate, proteins, cortisol), as well as hormones derived from those amino acids (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine). Despite interspecific differences, fish fed the diets supplemented with Phe or Tyr showed a reduction on several stress markers. However, interspecific differences were detected for many indicators. Concretely, hormonal stress markers were significantly attenuated in meagres fed the enriched diets. Moreover, the stress condition favored a mobilization of amino acids towards the brain, especially in supplemented diets, hence this amino acid excess could be used as an energy substrate to cope with stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Lipid Composition and Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Expression in Broodstock Gilthead Sea Bream on Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes and Methylation of the fads2 Gene Promoter in Their Offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhat Turkmen ◽  
Erick Perera ◽  
Maria J. Zamorano ◽  
Paula Simó-Mirabet ◽  
Hanlin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Expression Levels

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in parental diets play a key role in regulating n-3 LC-PUFA metabolism of the offspring. However, it is not clear whether this metabolic regulation is driven by the precursors presented in the diet or by the parental ability to synthesize them. To elucidate this, broodstocks of gilthead sea bream with different blood expression levels of fads2, which encodes for the rate-limiting enzyme in the n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis pathway, were fed either a diet supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) or a control diet. The progenies obtained from these four experimental groups were then challenged with a low LC-PUFA diet at the juvenile stage. Results showed that the offspring from parents with high fads2 expression presented higher growth and improved utilization of low n-3 LC-PUFA diets compared to the offspring from parents with low fads2 expression. Besides, an ALA-rich diet during the gametogenesis caused negative effects on the growth of the offspring. The epigenetic analysis demonstrated that methylation in the promoter of fads2 of the offspring was correlated with the parental fads2 expression levels and type of the broodstock diet.

Dietary sodium heptanoate helps to improve feed efficiency, growth hormone status and swimming performance in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata )

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1638-1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Martos‐Sitcha ◽  
Paula Simó‐Mirabet ◽  
María Carla Piazzon ◽  
Verónica las Heras ◽  
Josep Alvar Calduch‐Giner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Hormone Status

scholarly journals Glycogenesis andde novolipid synthesis from dietary starch in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) quantified with stable isotopes

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2135-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim S. Ekmann ◽  
Johanne Dalsgaard ◽  
Jørgen Holm ◽  
Patrick J. Campbell ◽  
Peter V. Skov
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Dietary Starch

The effects of replacing a digestible energy source from fat (fish oil) with carbohydrate (wheat starch) on performance, glycogenesis andde novolipogenesis was examined in triplicate groups of juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), fed four extruded experimental diets. In order to trace the metabolic fate of dietary starch, 0·7 % wheat starch was replaced with isotope-labelled starch (>98 %13C). Fish were fed the experimental diets for three consecutive 10 d periods, and isotope ratio MS was applied to quantify13C enrichment of liver and whole-body glycogen and lipid pools over the three feeding periods. Glycogenesis originating from dietary starch accounted for up to 68·8 and 38·8 % of the liver and whole-body glycogen pools, respectively, while up to 16·7 % of the liver lipid could be attributed to dietary starch. Between 5 and 8 % of dietary starch carbon was recovered in whole-body lipid, and estimated deposition rates ofde novosynthesised lipid originating from starch ranged from 18·7 to 123·7 mg/kg biomass per d. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect growth, feed performance or body composition of the fish, while the hepatosomatic index and glycogen content of whole fish and livers correlated directly with dietary starch inclusion level. The study suggests that gilthead sea bream efficiently synthesises glycogen from both dietary starch and endogenous sources. In contrast, lipogenesis from carbon derived from starch seems to play a minor role in overall lipid synthesis and deposition under the specified experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-stimulated cortisol release by the head kidney inter-renal tissue from sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with linseed oil and soyabean oil

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Ganga ◽  
J. G. Bell ◽  
D. Montero ◽  
E. Atalah ◽  
Y. Vraskou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Cortisol Release

The mode of action of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in regulating gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) head kidney (HK) cortisol production was studied through in vitro trials using a dynamic superfusion system. Fish were previously fed with different diets containing several inclusion levels of linseed oil (LO) or soyabean oil (SO) for 26 weeks. Five diets were tested; anchovy oil was the only lipid source for the control diet (fish oil, FO) and two different substitution levels (70 and 100 %) were tested using either LO or SO (70LO, 70SO, 100LO and 100SO). Fatty acid compositions of the HK reflected the dietary input, thus EPA, DHA, arachidonic acid and n-3 HUFA were significantly (P < 0·05) reduced in fish fed vegetable oils compared with fish fed the FO diet. Feeding 70 or 100 % LO increased significantly (P < 0·05) cortisol release in HK after stimulation with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), while feeding SO had no effect on this response. Cortisol stimulation factor (SF) was increased in fish fed the 70LO and 100LO diets compared with fish fed the control diet. Moreover, eicosanoid inhibition by incubating the HK tissue with indomethacin (INDO) as a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) as a lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor, significantly reduced (P < 0·05) the cortisol release after ACTH stimulation in the 70LO and 100LO diets. Cortisol SF was reduced in the FO, 70LO and 100LO diets when incubating the HK with INDO or NDGA, while it was increased in the 70SO diet. The present results indicate that changing the fatty acid profile of gilthead sea bream HK by including LO and/or SO in the fish diet affected the in vitro cortisol release, and this effect is partly mediated by COX and/or LOX metabolites.

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