Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from raw vegetables in South Korea

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae has become a global concern because of their clinical impact on both human and veterinary medicine. The present study determined the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular genetic features of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) isolates from raw vegetables. A total of 1324 samples were collected from two agricultural wholesale markets in Incheon, South Korea in 2018. The ESBL-EC strains were isolated from 0.83% (11/1324) samples, and all of them were resistant to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazoline, cefotaxime, and nalidixic acid and yielded CTX-M-type ESBL, including CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-65. The isolates belonged to phylogenetic subgroups D (n = 5), A (n = 4), and B1 (n = 2). Multilocus sequence typing revealed nine known E. coli sequence types (STs), including ST10, ST38, ST69, ST101, ST224, ST349, ST354, ST2509, ST2847, and two new STs. Notably, ST69, ST10, ST38, and ST354 belong to the major human-associated extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli lineages. Our results demonstrate that ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant pathogens may be transmitted to humans through the vegetable intake, highlighting the importance of resistance monitoring and intervention in the One Health perspective.

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Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from raw vegetables retailed in Southern Thailand

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11787

Author(s):

Chonticha Romyasamit ◽

Phoomjai Sornsenee ◽

Siriphorn Chimplee ◽

Sitanun Yuwalaksanakun ◽

Dechawat Wongprot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Generation Cephalosporin ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Southern Thailand ◽

Genetic Features

Background The increasing prevalence of broad-spectrum ampicillin-resistant and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, has become a global concern, with its clinical impacts on both human and veterinary medicine. This study examined the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular genetic features of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from 10 types of raw vegetables. Methods In total, 305 samples were collected from 9 markets in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, in 2020. Results ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were found in 14 of the 305 samples obtained from 7 out of 10 types of vegetables (4.6% of the total). Further, 14 ESBL-producing E. coli (n = 5/14) and K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 9/14) (1.6% and 3.0%, respectively) were highly sensitive to β-lactam/carbapenem antibiotics (imipenem, 100%). ESBL-producing E. coli (n = 4) and K. pneumoniae isolates (n = 8) were also sensitive to non-β-lactam aminoglycosides (amikacin, 80.00% and 88.89%, respectively). ESBL producers were most resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, including ampicillin (85.71%) and the cephalosporins cefotaxime and ceftazidime (64.29%). The most frequently detected gene in ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae was blaSHV. However, two ESBL-producing E. coli isolates also carried three other ESBL-encoding variants, blaTEM, blaCTX-M1, blaGES and blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M9, which may be due to their association with food chains and humans. Discussion Indeed, our results suggest that raw vegetables are an important source of ESBL-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which are potentially transmittable to humans via raw vegetable intake.

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Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 406

Author(s):

Zuhura I. Kimera ◽

Fauster X. Mgaya ◽

Gerald Misinzo ◽

Stephen E. Mshana ◽

Nyambura Moremi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Domestic Pigs ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

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Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16091530 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1530 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wibke Wetzker ◽

Yvonne Pfeifer ◽

Solvy Wolke ◽

Andrea Haselbeck ◽

Rasmus Leistner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽

Multiple Pathogens

Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms that circulate in the environment is an important topic of scientific research and contributes to the development of action plans to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a synanthropic vector for multiple pathogens and a reservoir for AMR, flies can be used for surveillance. Methods: We collected 163 flies in the inner city of Berlin and examined them for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genotypically and phenotypically. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in flies was 12.9%. Almost half (47.6%) of the ESBL-positive samples showed a co-resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to carbapenems or colistin was not detected. The predominant ESBL-type was CTX-M-1, which is associated with wildlife, livestock, and companion animals as a potential major source of transmission of MDR E. coli to flies. Conclusions: This field study confirms the permanent presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in an urban fly population. For continuous monitoring of environmental contamination with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, flies can be used as indicators without much effort.

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Escherichia coli Sequence Type ST131 as an Emerging Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Uropathogen among Renal Transplant Recipients

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01089-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 546-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

James R. Johnson ◽

Brian Johnston ◽

Connie Clabots ◽

Michael A. Kuskowski ◽

Swaroop Pendyala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Renal Transplant Recipients ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Black Race ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT Among 40 Escherichia coli urine isolates from renal transplant recipients (Galveston, TX, 2003 to 2005), sequence type ST131 (O25:H4) was highly prevalent (representing 35% of isolates overall and 60% of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates), virulent appearing, antimicrobial resistant (but extended-spectrum-cephalosporin susceptible), and associated with black race. Pulsotypes were diverse; some were linked to other locales. ST131 emerged significantly during the study period. These findings suggest that E. coli ST131 may constitute an important new multidrug-resistant threat to renal transplant recipients.

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Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-191 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 302-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nahla O. Eltai ◽

Elmoubasher A. Abdfarag ◽

Hamad Al-Romaihi ◽

Eman Wehedy ◽

Mahmoud H. Mahmoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Test Method ◽

Health Concern ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Stewardship Program

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is a top health challenge in the 21st century. AR among Enterobacteriaceae is rapidly increasing, especially in third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Further, strains carrying mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, food-producing animals, and the environment. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics in food-producing animals is a major factor in the generation and spread of AR. No studies have been done to evaluate AR in the veterinary sector of Qatar. This study aimed at establishing primary baseline data for the prevalence of AR among food-producing animals in Qatar. Fecal samples (172) were obtained from two broiler farms and one live bird market in Qatar, and 90 commensal Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and subjected to susceptibility testing against 16 clinically relevant antibiotics by using the E-test method. The results found that 81 (90%) of 90 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 14 (15.5%) of 90 isolates were colistin resistant, 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, and 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were multidrug resistant to four antibiotic classes. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli and colistin-resistant isolates were confirmed by using double-disc susceptibility testing and PCR, respectively. Such a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli could be the result of a long application of antibiotic treatment, and it is an indicator of the antibiotic load in food-producing animals in Qatar. Pathogens carrying AR can be easily transmitted to humans through consumption of undercooked food or noncompliance with hygiene practices, mandating prompt development and implementation of a stewardship program to control and monitor the use of antibiotics in the community and agriculture.

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Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Swiss and Imported Poultry Meat

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-120 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 112-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. ABGOTTSPON ◽

R. STEPHAN ◽

C. BAGUTTI ◽

P. BRODMANN ◽

H. HÄCHLER ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Plasmid Incompatibility ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Resistance Patterns

A worrisome phenomenon is the progressive global spread of Enterobacteriaceae in poultry and chicken meat expressing plasmid-mediated enzymes that inactivate β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that the food chain might play a role in the epidemiology and the transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae to humans. The aim of the present study was to further characterize 24 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat by antibiotic susceptibility testing, identification of the blaESBL/blapAmpC genes, conjugation mating experiments and determination of plasmid incompatibility types, multilocus sequence typing, and analysis of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. On account of their resistance patterns, 21 of the total 24 isolates were classified as multidrug resistant. Eleven isolates carried a blaCMY-2 gene, whereas 13 isolates harbored a blaCTX-M-1 gene. All isolates harbored plasmids that were assigned to 8 of the 18 described plasmid incompatibility groups, the most frequent of which were IncI1, IncFIB, IncB/O, and IncFrepB. The blaESBL/blapAmpC genes were harbored mainly by transferable IncI1 and IncB/O plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing as well as E. coli phylogenetic group typing revealed a high heterogenicity even among different isolates of the same sample.

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Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and metallo β-lactamase mediated resistance in Escherichia coli from diagnostic and tertiary healthcare centers in south Bangalore, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181288 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rituparna Tewari ◽

Susweta D. Mitra ◽

Feroze Ganaie ◽

Nimita Venugopal ◽

Sangita Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clavulanic Acid ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Microbiological Techniques

Background: The increasing reports on multidrug resistant Escherichia coli has become a potential threat to global health. Here, we present a cross-sectional study to characterize extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and metallo β-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from different human clinical samples.Methods: A total of 300 clinical Gram negative bacterial isolates were collected and re-characterized for the identification of E. coli following standard microbiological techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates was initially screened by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and MIC methods. The resistant isolates were confirmed to be ESBL, AmpC and MBL producers by their respective phenotypic confirmatory tests of combined disc method.Results: We identified 203 (68%) E. coli and 97 (32%) Non-E. coli isolates. The highest recovery of E. coli was from urine samples 72 (35%). Combined disc method using ceftazidime/ceftazidime+clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/cefotaxime+clavulanic acid confirmed 156 (79%) and 144 (73%) E. coli as ESBL producers, respectively. Thirty-four (34%) and 16 (27%) resistant E. coli isolates were confirmed to be AmpC and MBL producers, likewise.Conclusions: Increased prevalence of ESBL, AmpC and MBL producing E. coli were observed. Beta-lactamase mediated resistance appears to be prime mechanism in the multidrug resistant E. coli. Thus, early detection of beta lactamase producing E. coli is necessary to avoid treatment failure and prevent the spread of MDR.

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Carbapenemases and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken in Peshawar: First Report from Pakistan

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-045 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (8) ◽

pp. 1339-1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KAFEEL AHMAD ◽

FARYAL KHATTAK ◽

AMJAD ALI ◽

SHAISTA RAHAT ◽

SHAZIA NOOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Synergy Test

ABSTRACT We report the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases in Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken in Peshawar, Pakistan. One hundred E. coli isolates were recovered from retail chicken. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, cephalothin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin. Phenotypic detection of β-lactamase production was analyzed through double disc synergy test using the antibiotics amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, and aztreonam. Fifty multidrug-resistant isolates were screened for detection of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 genes. Resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, cephalothin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and chloramphenicol was 92, 91, 84, 73, 70, 67, 53, 48, 40, 39, 37, 36, and 23% respectively. Prevalence of sul1, aadA, cmlA, int, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, and blaNDM-1 was 78% (n = 39), 76% (n = 38), 20% (n = 10), 90% (n = 45), 74% (n = 37), 94% (n = 47), 22% (n = 11), and 4% (n = 2), respectively. blaSHV, blaOXA-10, and blaVIM were not detected. The coexistence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli is alarming. Hence, robust surveillance strategies should be developed with a focus on controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance genes via the food chain.

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Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing and Acquired AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Canadian Intensive Care Units

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01176-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 1846-1849 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Patricia J. Baudry ◽

Kim Nichol ◽

Melanie DeCorby ◽

Laura Mataseje ◽

Michael R. Mulvey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT Resistance profiles were compared among 18 extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) and 27 acquired AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected from Canadian intensive care units from 2005 to 2006. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were more likely to be gentamicin resistant (P < 0.03), fluoroquinolone resistant (P < 0.0001), and multidrug resistant (P < 0.0001) than AmpC-producing E. coli isolates.

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High Prevalence of blaCTX-M-15 Gene among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Extraintestinal Infections in Bangladesh

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9110796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 796

Author(s):

Razib Mazumder ◽

Ahmed Abdullah ◽

Dilruba Ahmed ◽

Arif Hussain

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Control Measures ◽

E Coli ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

High Prevalence ◽

High Virulence

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) clonal lineages with high virulence potential is alarming. Lack of sufficient data on molecular epidemiology of such pathogens from countries with high infection burden, such as Bangladesh, hinders management and infection control measures. In this study, we assessed the population structure, virulence potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical E. coli isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh. A high prevalence of MDR (69%) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production (ESBL) (51%) was found. Most E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin (95%), meropenem (94%) and nitrofurantoin (89%) antibiotics. A high prevalence of ST131 (22%) and ST95 (9%) followed by ST69 (4%) and ST73 (3%) was observed. Phylogroups B2 (46%), B1 (16%), D (10%) and F (9%) were prominent. blaCTX-M-15 (52%) and blaNDM-1 (5%) were the most prevalent ESBL and carbapenem resistance genes, respectively. Moreover, the predominant pathotype identified was extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) (41%) followed by enteric pathogens (11%). In conclusion, our results suggest the transmission of clonal E. coli groups amidst diverse E. coli population that are associated with high virulence potential and MDR phenotype. This is of high concern and mandates more efforts towards molecular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinically significant pathogens.

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