scholarly journals High Prevalence of blaCTX-M-15 Gene among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Causing Extraintestinal Infections in Bangladesh

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Razib Mazumder ◽  
Ahmed Abdullah ◽  
Dilruba Ahmed ◽  
Arif Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Virulence

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) clonal lineages with high virulence potential is alarming. Lack of sufficient data on molecular epidemiology of such pathogens from countries with high infection burden, such as Bangladesh, hinders management and infection control measures. In this study, we assessed the population structure, virulence potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical E. coli isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh. A high prevalence of MDR (69%) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production (ESBL) (51%) was found. Most E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin (95%), meropenem (94%) and nitrofurantoin (89%) antibiotics. A high prevalence of ST131 (22%) and ST95 (9%) followed by ST69 (4%) and ST73 (3%) was observed. Phylogroups B2 (46%), B1 (16%), D (10%) and F (9%) were prominent. blaCTX-M-15 (52%) and blaNDM-1 (5%) were the most prevalent ESBL and carbapenem resistance genes, respectively. Moreover, the predominant pathotype identified was extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) (41%) followed by enteric pathogens (11%). In conclusion, our results suggest the transmission of clonal E. coli groups amidst diverse E. coli population that are associated with high virulence potential and MDR phenotype. This is of high concern and mandates more efforts towards molecular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinically significant pathogens.

scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase Activity Among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Zorgani ◽  
Hiyam Daw ◽  
Najib Sufya ◽  
Abdullah Bashein ◽  
Omar Elahmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Variant Enzyme

Introduction: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), including the AmpC type, are important mechanisms of resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of AmpC-type β-lactamase producers isolated from two hospitals in Tripoli, Libya. Methods: All clinical isolates (76 K. pneumoniae and 75 E. coli) collected over two years (2013-2014) were evaluated for susceptibility to a panel of antimicrobials and were analyzed phenotypically for the ESBL and AmpC phenotype using E-test and ESBL and AmpC screen disc test. Both ESBL and AmpC-positive isolates were then screened for the presence of genes encoding plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the K. pneumoniae and E. coli tested, 75% and 16% were resistant to gentamicin, 74% and 1.3% to imipenem, 71% and 12% to cefoxitin, 80% and 12% to cefepime, 69% and 22.6% to ciprofloxacin, respectively. None of the E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant compared with K. pneumoniae (65.8%). K. pneumoniae ESBL producers were significantly higher (85.5%) compared with (17.3%) E. coli isolates (P <0.0001, OR=4.93). Plasmid-mediated AmpC genes were detected in 7.9% of K. pneumoniae, and 4% E. coli isolates. There was low agreement between phenotypic and genotypic methods, phenotypic testing underestimated detection of AmpC enzyme and did not correlate well with molecular results. The gene encoding CMY enzyme was the most prevalent (66.6%) of AmpC positive isolates followed by MOX, DHA and EBC. Only one AmpC gene was detected in 5/9 isolates, i.e, blaCMY (n=3), bla MOX (n=1), blaDHA (n=1). However, co-occurrence of AmpC genes were evident in 3/9 isolates with the following distribution: bla CMY and blaEBC (n=1), and blaCMY and blaMOX (n=2). Neither blaFOX nor blaACC was detected in all tested isolates. All AmpC positive strains were resistant to cefoxitin and isolated from patients admitted to intensive care units. Conclusion: Further studies are needed for detection of other AmpC variant enzyme production among such isolates. Continued surveillance and judicious antibiotic usage together with the implementation of efficient infection control measures are absolutely required.

scholarly journals Presence of β-Lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Salmonella Isolates in Marine Mammals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Olivia M. Grünzweil ◽  
Lauren Palmer ◽  
Adriana Cabal ◽  
Michael P. Szostak ◽  
Werner Ruppitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lactamase Gene ◽  
Sequence Types

Marine mammals have been described as sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (i) the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, which comprise several bacterial families important to the healthcare sector, as well as (ii) the presence of Salmonella in these coastal animals. The antimicrobial resistance pheno- and genotypes, as well as biocide susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from stranded marine mammals, were determined prior to their rehabilitation. All E. coli isolates (n = 27) were screened for virulence genes via DNA-based microarray, and twelve selected E. coli isolates were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-one percent of the Enterobacterales isolates exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pheno- and genotype. The gene blaCMY (n = 51) was the predominant β-lactamase gene. In addition, blaTEM-1 (n = 38), blaSHV-33 (n = 8), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7), blaOXA-1 (n = 7), blaSHV-11 (n = 3), and blaDHA-1 (n = 2) were detected. The most prevalent non-β-lactamase genes were sul2 (n = 38), strA (n = 34), strB (n = 34), and tet(A) (n = 34). Escherichia coli isolates belonging to the pandemic sequence types (STs) ST38, ST167, and ST648 were identified. Among Salmonella isolates (n = 18), S. Havana was the most prevalent serotype. The present study revealed a high prevalence of MDR bacteria and the presence of pandemic high-risk clones, both of which are indicators of anthropogenic antimicrobial pollution, in marine mammals.

scholarly journals Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Zuhura I. Kimera ◽  
Fauster X. Mgaya ◽  
Gerald Misinzo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Nyambura Moremi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and residual antimicrobials in the environment in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Yamasaki ◽  
Tuyen Danh Le ◽  
Mai Quang Vien ◽  
Chinh Van Dang ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
High Level

AbstractEmergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, have become serious problems worldwide. Recent studies conducted in Vietnam revealed that ESBL-producing E. coli are widely distributed in food animals and people. CTX-M-9 and CTX-M-1 are the most prevalent β-lactamases among the identified ESBLs. Furthermore, most of the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant. Residual antimicrobials such as sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfadimidine, cephalexin, and sulfadiazine were also detected at a high level in both animal meats and environmental water collected from several cities, including Ho Chi Minh city and Can Tho city. These recent studies indicated that improper use of antimicrobials in animal-originated food production might contribute to the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam. Although clonal ESBL-producing E. coli was not identified, CTX-M-55 gene-carrying plasmids with similar sizes (105–139 kb) have been commonly detected in the ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from various food animals and human beings. This finding strongly suggests that horizontal transfer of the CTX-M plasmid among various E. coli strains played a critical role in the emergence and high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wibke Wetzker ◽  
Yvonne Pfeifer ◽  
Solvy Wolke ◽  
Andrea Haselbeck ◽  
Rasmus Leistner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms that circulate in the environment is an important topic of scientific research and contributes to the development of action plans to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a synanthropic vector for multiple pathogens and a reservoir for AMR, flies can be used for surveillance. Methods: We collected 163 flies in the inner city of Berlin and examined them for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genotypically and phenotypically. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in flies was 12.9%. Almost half (47.6%) of the ESBL-positive samples showed a co-resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to carbapenems or colistin was not detected. The predominant ESBL-type was CTX-M-1, which is associated with wildlife, livestock, and companion animals as a potential major source of transmission of MDR E. coli to flies. Conclusions: This field study confirms the permanent presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in an urban fly population. For continuous monitoring of environmental contamination with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, flies can be used as indicators without much effort.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Sequence Type ST131 as an Emerging Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Uropathogen among Renal Transplant Recipients

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 546-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Connie Clabots ◽  
Michael A. Kuskowski ◽  
Swaroop Pendyala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Black Race ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT Among 40 Escherichia coli urine isolates from renal transplant recipients (Galveston, TX, 2003 to 2005), sequence type ST131 (O25:H4) was highly prevalent (representing 35% of isolates overall and 60% of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates), virulent appearing, antimicrobial resistant (but extended-spectrum-cephalosporin susceptible), and associated with black race. Pulsotypes were diverse; some were linked to other locales. ST131 emerged significantly during the study period. These findings suggest that E. coli ST131 may constitute an important new multidrug-resistant threat to renal transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology and Genome Dynamics of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains from India

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6795-6805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Ranjan ◽  
Sabiha Shaik ◽  
Agnismita Mondal ◽  
Nishant Nandanwar ◽  
Arif Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACTThe global dissemination and increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative organisms have resulted in acute public health concerns. Here, we present a retrospective multicenter study on molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing clinicalEscherichia coliisolates recovered from extraintestinal infections in two hospitals in Pune, India. We screened a large sample size of 510E. coliisolates for MBL production wherein we profiled their molecular determinants, antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, functional virulence properties, genomic features, and transmission dynamics. Approximately 8% of these isolates were MBL producers, the majority of which were of the NDM-1 (69%) type, followed by NDM-5 (19%), NDM-4 (5.5%), and NDM-7 (5.5%). MBL producers were resistant to all antibiotics tested except for colistin, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol, which were effective to various extents. Plasmids were found to be an effective means of dissemination of NDM genes and other resistance traits. All MBL producers adhered to and invaded bladder epithelial (T24) cells and demonstrated significant serum resistance. Genomic analysis of MBL-producingE. coliisolates revealed higher resistance but a moderate virulence gene repertoire. A subset of NDM-1-positiveE. coliisolates was identified as dominant sequence type 101 (ST101) while two strains belonging to ST167 and ST405 harbored NDM-5. A majority of MBL-producingE. colistrains revealed unique genotypes, suggesting that they were clonally unrelated. Overall, the coexistence of virulence and carbapenem resistance in clinicalE. coliisolates is of serious concern. Moreover, the emergence of NDM-1 among the globally dominantE. coliST101 isolates warrants stringent surveillance and control measures.

Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Qatar

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla O. Eltai ◽  
Elmoubasher A. Abdfarag ◽  
Hamad Al-Romaihi ◽  
Eman Wehedy ◽  
Mahmoud H. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Stewardship Program

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is a top health challenge in the 21st century. AR among Enterobacteriaceae is rapidly increasing, especially in third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Further, strains carrying mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) genes 1 and 2 have been isolated from humans, food-producing animals, and the environment. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics in food-producing animals is a major factor in the generation and spread of AR. No studies have been done to evaluate AR in the veterinary sector of Qatar. This study aimed at establishing primary baseline data for the prevalence of AR among food-producing animals in Qatar. Fecal samples (172) were obtained from two broiler farms and one live bird market in Qatar, and 90 commensal Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and subjected to susceptibility testing against 16 clinically relevant antibiotics by using the E-test method. The results found that 81 (90%) of 90 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, 14 (15.5%) of 90 isolates were colistin resistant, 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers, and 2 (2.2%) of 90 isolates were multidrug resistant to four antibiotic classes. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli and colistin-resistant isolates were confirmed by using double-disc susceptibility testing and PCR, respectively. Such a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli could be the result of a long application of antibiotic treatment, and it is an indicator of the antibiotic load in food-producing animals in Qatar. Pathogens carrying AR can be easily transmitted to humans through consumption of undercooked food or noncompliance with hygiene practices, mandating prompt development and implementation of a stewardship program to control and monitor the use of antibiotics in the community and agriculture.

scholarly journals Virulence Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diverse Sources

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Momna Rubab ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Shiga Toxins ◽  
E Coli ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Degree

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an enteric pathogen that causes several gastrointestinal ailments in humans across the world. STEC’s ability to cause ailment is attributed to the presence of a broad range of known and putative virulence factors (VFs) including those that encode Shiga toxins. A total of 51 E. coli strains belonging to serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O113, O121, O145, and O157 were tested for the presence of nine VFs via PCR and for their susceptibility to 17 frequently used antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The isolates belonged to eight different serotypes, including eight O serogroups and 12 H types. The frequency of the presence of key VFs were stx1 (76.47%), stx2 (86.27%), eae (100%), ehxA (98.03%), nleA (100%), ureC (94.11%), iha (96.07%), subA (9.80%), and saa (94.11%) in the E. coli strains. All E. coli strains carried seven or more distinct VFs and, among these, four isolates harbored all tested VFs. In addition, all E. coli strains had a high degree of antibiotic resistance and were multidrug resistant (MDR). These results show a high incidence frequency of VFs and heterogeneity of VFs and MDR profiles of E. coli strains. Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates (74.5%) were resistant to > 9 classes of antibiotics (more than 50% of the tested antibiotics). Thus, our findings highlight the importance of appropriate epidemiological and microbiological surveillance and control measures to prevent STEC disease in humans worldwide.

Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Swiss and Imported Poultry Meat

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. ABGOTTSPON ◽  
R. STEPHAN ◽  
C. BAGUTTI ◽  
P. BRODMANN ◽  
H. HÄCHLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plasmid Incompatibility ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Patterns

A worrisome phenomenon is the progressive global spread of Enterobacteriaceae in poultry and chicken meat expressing plasmid-mediated enzymes that inactivate β-lactam antibiotics, suggesting that the food chain might play a role in the epidemiology and the transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae to humans. The aim of the present study was to further characterize 24 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from domestic and imported poultry meat by antibiotic susceptibility testing, identification of the blaESBL/blapAmpC genes, conjugation mating experiments and determination of plasmid incompatibility types, multilocus sequence typing, and analysis of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups. On account of their resistance patterns, 21 of the total 24 isolates were classified as multidrug resistant. Eleven isolates carried a blaCMY-2 gene, whereas 13 isolates harbored a blaCTX-M-1 gene. All isolates harbored plasmids that were assigned to 8 of the 18 described plasmid incompatibility groups, the most frequent of which were IncI1, IncFIB, IncB/O, and IncFrepB. The blaESBL/blapAmpC genes were harbored mainly by transferable IncI1 and IncB/O plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing as well as E. coli phylogenetic group typing revealed a high heterogenicity even among different isolates of the same sample.

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