scholarly journals Establishment of novel in vitro culture system with the ability to reproduce oral biofilm formation on dental materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Kohno ◽  
Haruaki Kitagawa ◽  
Ririko Tsuboi ◽  
Yuma Nishimura ◽  
Satoshi Imazato
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Restorative Materials

AbstractIntensive research has been conducted with the aim of developing dental restorative/prosthetic materials with antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects that contribute to controlling bacterial infection in the oral cavity. In situ evaluations were performed to assess the clinical efficacy of these materials by exposing them to oral environments. However, it is difficult to recruit many participants to collect sufficient amount of data for scientific analysis. This study aimed to assemble an original flow-cell type bioreactor equipped with two flow routes and assess its usefulness by evaluating the ability to reproduce in situ oral biofilms formed on restorative materials. A drop of bacterial suspension collected from human saliva and 0.2% sucrose solution was introduced into the assembled bioreactor while maintaining the incubation conditions. The bioreactor was able to mimic the number of bacterial cells, live/dead bacterial volume, and volume fraction of live bacteria in the in situ oral biofilm formed on the surface of restorative materials. The usefulness of the established culture system was further validated by a clear demonstration of the anti-biofilm effects of a glass-ionomer cement incorporating zinc-releasing glasses when evaluated by this system.

Preliminary Study on In Situ Realtime Quantitation of Target Bacteria on the Principle of Flow Cytometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Gen Murakami ◽  
Yuichi Sugai ◽  
Kyuro Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Measurement Principle ◽  
Preliminary Study

In-situ realtime method that can monitor the target bacteria should be used to determine the real situation of the bacteria in deep parts of heaps in heap bioleaching plants. This study suggest to apply flow cytometry technology to in-situ realtime monitoring of target bacteria. Flow cytometry is a method that can rapidly quantify the bacterial cells in bacterial suspension based on the detection of lights that are emitted from bacterial cells. In this study, we estimated the possibility of the application of flow cytometry to the selective detection of target bacteria. The bacterial culture solution that had been diluted by water including other bacteria was provided for fluorescence spectral analysis and scattered light analysis that were functions of flow cytometry. Our target bacteria could be selectively detected by those analyses in this study, therefore, it was shown that the flow cytometry could be useful for detecting target bacteria selectively. Because the measurement principle of flow cytometry is quite simple, it can be expected to be installed into deep heaps through the monitoring wells and determine the dominance of target bacteria in-situ and realtime in the future.

scholarly journals Marginal Leakage of Endodontic Temporary Restorative Materials around Access Cavities Prepared with Pre-Endodontic Composite Build-Up: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kameyama ◽  
Aoi Saito ◽  
Akiko Haruyama ◽  
Tomoaki Komada ◽  
Setsuko Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Zinc Oxide Eugenol ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Ionomer Cement

This study aimed to examine the marginal seal between various commercial temporary restorative materials and exposed dentin/built-up composite. Sixty bovine incisors were cut above the cemento-enamel junction, and half of the dentin was removed to form a step, which was built up using flowable resin composite. The root canals were irrigated, filled with calcium hydroxide, and sealed using one of six temporary sealing materials (hydraulic temporary restorative material, temporary stopping material, zinc oxide eugenol cement, glass-ionomer cement, auto-cured resin-based temporary restorative material, and light-cured resin-based temporary restorative material) (n = 10 for each material). The samples were thermocycled 500 times and immersed in an aqueous solution of methylene blue. After 2 days, they were cut along the long axis of the tooth and the depth of dye penetration was measured at the dentin side and the built-up composite side. For the margins of the pre-endodontic resin composite build-up, the two resin-based temporary restorative materials showed excellent sealing. Hydraulic temporary restorative material had a moderate sealing effect, but the sealing effect of both zinc oxide eugenol cement and glass-ionomer cement was poorer.

The Effects of Gic Restorations on Enamel and Dentin Demineralization and Remineralization

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Ten Cate ◽  
M.J. Buus ◽  
J.J.M. Damen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Calcium Loss ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Glass-ionomer cement (GIC) restorations release fluoride after placement in the oral environment. This is assumed to be one of the reasons for the decreased prevalence of secondary caries. In the current studies, the effects of GIC restorations on demineralization and remineralization of enamel and dentin lesions were studied, in an in vitro and an intra-oral model, respectively. The in vitro pH-cycling study revealed that the excessive fluoride release of the freshly placed restorations upset the (commonly observed) mineral balance between the specimens and the de/remineralizing solutions. Anomalous patterns of calcium uptake by the specimens (with GIC) during the demineralization phase and calcium loss during the remineralization phase were observed. This was hypothetically explained from the behavior of a surface coating on the GIC restorations, which was observed with SEM. The intra-oral studies showed, after three months in situ, hypermineralization of dentin close to or in contact with the restoration. It is concluded that the fluoride released from GIC or the decreased permeability as a result of hypermineralization causes lower susceptibility of the dentin of the cavity walls.

scholarly journals Protection Offered by Root-surface Restorative Materials against Biofilm Challenge

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. Yip ◽  
J. Guo ◽  
W.H.S. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Artificial Mouth ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Ionomer Cement

The prevalence of root-surface caries is increasing. We hypothesized that some restorative materials are protective against cariogenic challenge on root surfaces. Our goal was to study the effects of different restorative materials on root surfaces incubated with an oral biofilm generated in an artificial mouth. A biofilm of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii was co-cultured for 21 days on 24 glass-ionomer cement, resin-modified glass-ionomer cement, or resin-composite-restored root surfaces. These surfaces were then examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Only glass-ionomer restorations showed a significant increase in log calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (P < 0.01), and a significantly lower log amide I-to-hydrogen phosphate ratio on the root surface after incubation in the artificial mouth. Glass-ionomer restoratives conferred a preventive effect on the root surfaces against initial cariogenic challenge with a mixed-species oral biofilm without therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Ketamine used in the therapy of depressive disorders impacts protein profile, proliferation rate and phagocytosis resistance of enterococci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Artur Jarzembowski ◽  
Agnieszka Daca ◽  
Wiesław J. Cubała ◽  
Marek Bronk ◽  
Łukasz Naumiuk
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Different Response

Abstract Background: Ketamine is known to cause rapid anti-depressive effect. Additionally, it has been also proved that at high concentrations ketamine inhibits bacterial growth. It is also widely known that even sub-inhibitory concentration of chemicals, as concentration of ketamine used in therapy of depression, may change bacterial properties, including their virulence. The knowledge about possible influence of ketamine on bacterial commensals seems to be essential, as the mechanism of ketamine’s action in depression is believed to result also from its’ anti-inflammatory activity. In the current study we aimed to evaluate the in vitro influence of ketamine on proliferation rate, phagocytosis resistance and toxicity of enterococci. Results: The studied enterococcal strains were isolated as etiological agents of infection and collected in the Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk. To measure metabolic activity of Enterococcus faecalis 10µM of CFDA-SE was added to bacterial suspension. The number of bacterial cells and fluorescence of particles were determined using FACSVerse flow cytometer. Additionally, for the determination of phagocytosis resistance, THP-1 human monocytes cell line from ATCC was used. Suspension of monocytes which engulfed bacteria was then stained with propidium iodide to determine cells’ membrane permeability and to evaluate cytotoxicity of enterococci. The result of the study proved diverse influence of therapeutic concentration of ketamine on Enterococci. In 23.1% of strains both proliferation rate and metabolism activity were inhibited. This group of strains was more susceptible to phagocytosis and had lower cytotoxicity than in culture without ketamine. Different response of isolates to ketamine was also visible in changes of protein profile determined by MALDI TOF. Conclusions: The analysis of bacteria at early stage of growth curve demonstrate the bacterial diversity in response to ketamine and let us set the hypothesis that microbiome susceptibility to ketamine may be one of the elements which should be taken into consideration when planning the successful pharmacotherapy of depression.

scholarly journals Time-dependent Variation in Compressive Strengths of Three Posterior Esthetic Restorative Materials: An in vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Anjna Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Restorative Materials

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the compressive strengths of composite resins and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) at different times. Materials and methods A total of 36 samples were prepared, 12 samples of each group, composite resins Filtek Z 250, Filtek Z 350, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Compressive strengths of specimens were measured after 1, 24 hours, and 7 days. Test was carried out on a “Universal Testing Machine” with cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. Results There was a significant difference between all the three restorative materials. Analysis of variance showed that mean compressive strengths of Z 250 after 1, 24 hours were higher than Z 350 and RMGIC (p < 0.05). The mean compressive strengths were reduced after 7 days in all the three groups, but after 7 days, the values of Z 250 when compared with the Z 350 and RMGIC were higher. Conclusion The study demonstrated that compressive strengths of hybrid composite resins (Z 250) were significantly higher than that of nanocomposites (Z 350) and RMGIC. How to cite this article Sharma A, Mishra P, Mishra SK. Time-dependent Variation in Compressive Strengths of Three Posterior Esthetic Restorative Materials: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(3):63-65.

scholarly journals Glass Ionomer Cement Modified by Resin with Incorporation of Nanohydroxyapatite: In Vitro Evaluation of Physical-Biological Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Genaro ◽  
Giovana Anovazzi ◽  
Josimeri Hebling ◽  
Angela Cristina Cilense Zuanon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Ionomer Cement ◽  
Scanning Electron

Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) has important properties. However, like other restorative materials, it has limitations such as decreased biocompatibility. The incorporation of nanoparticles (NP) in the RMGIC resulted in improvements in some of its properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical-biological properties of RMGIC with the addition of nanohydroxyapatite (HANP). Material and Methods: Vitremer RMGIC was used, incorporating HANP by amalgamator, vortex and manual techniques, totaling ten experimental groups. The distribution and dispersion of the HANP were evaluated qualitatively by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM-FEG). The evaluation of image porosity (SEM-FEG) with the help of imageJ. Cell viability 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoline bromide (MTT) and cell morphology analyses were performed on MDPC-23 odontoblastoid cells at 24 and 72 h. Results: It was possible to observe good dispersion and distribution of HANP in the samples in all experimental groups. The incorporation of 5% HANP into the vortex stirred RMGIC resulted in fewer pores. The increase in the concentration of HANP was directly proportional to the decrease in cytotoxicity. Conclusions: It is concluded that the use of a vortex with the incorporation of 5% HANP is the most appropriate mixing technique when considering the smallest number of pores inside the material. A higher concentration of HANP resulted in better cell viability, suggesting that this association is promising for future studies of new restorative materials.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Ralstonia eutropha KT1 in Groundwater in an Experimental Bioaugmentation Field by In Situ PCR

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuji Tani ◽  
Masahiro Muneta ◽  
Kanji Nakamura ◽  
Katsutoshi Shibuya ◽  
Masao Nasu
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Phenol Hydroxylase ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
In Situ Pcr ◽  
Hydroxylase Gene ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT Ralstonia eutropha KT1, which degrades trichloroethylene, was injected into the aquifer after activation with toluene, and then the number of bacteria was monitored by in situ PCR targeting the phenol hydroxylase gene and by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting 16S rRNA. Before injection of the bacterial suspension, the total concentration of bacteria in the groundwater was approximately 3 × 105 cells/ml and the amount of Ralstonia and bacteria carrying the phenol hydroxylase gene as a percentage of total bacterial cells was less than 0.1%. The concentration of bacteria carrying the phenol hydroxylase gene detected by in situ PCR was approximately 3 × 107 cells/ml 1 h after injection, and the concentration of Ralstonia detected by FISH was similar. The number of bacteria detected by in situ PCR was similar to that detected by FISH 4 days after the start of the extraction of groundwater. On and after day 7, however, the number of bacterial cells detected by FISH was less than that detected by in situ PCR.

scholarly journals Effect of Energy Drinks on Color Stability of Different Restorative Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
AlSarheed M ◽  
Salama F
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Hybrid Resin ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Ionomer Cement

Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of finishing/polishing procedures on color stability of three restorative materials: Nano-hybrid resin composite (NRC), silver glass ionomer cement (SGI), and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI) exposed to different staining of energy drinks: Barbican, Bison, and Red bull.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of the Effect of Topical Fluoride on the Micro Hardness of Various Restorative Materials- an in Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhraleen Chakraborty ◽  
Deepti Jawa Singh ◽  
Shipra Jaidka ◽  
Rani Somani ◽  
Anu Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Topical Fluoride

Introduction: Dental caries considered to be a multifactorial disease requires meticulous management and prevention. For prevention the most successful and commonly used agent is fluoride and if applied topically by means of APF gel it has a success rate of around 60%. Aims and objectives: To evaluate and compare the micro hardness of the restorative materials after the application of APF gel. To evaluate the effect of topical fluoride on the micro hardness of various restorative materials using universal testing machine as well as to compare the micro hardness of the restorative materials after the application of APF gel. Materials and methods: 80 standardized restorative pellets made with various restorative materials constituted the sample size for the evaluation of micro hardness with and without the application of APF gel on the prepared restorative pellets. The prepared  80  molds were equally distributed for the preparation of  20  restorative pellets of four restorative materials each (viz.) Glass Ionomer Cement, Zirconomer, Amalgomer, Cention-N. Out of 20 samples prepared 10 samples were considered as control, which were tested without the application of APF gel. While 10 samples were taken as experimental, which were conditioned with APF gel before the test. Results: The result of the microhardness test after the application of fluoride gel showed that the highest microhardess was shown by Group III Amalgomer CR with mean 52.62 ± 0.65. The other materials in the order of decreasing hardness were Group IV Cention N 50.52 ± 0.69, Group II Zirconomer 46.80 ± 0.68 and least for Group I conventional Gic 43.38 ± 0.53. The percentage reduction of micro hardness after application of APF gel was recorded highest in GIC type IX followed by Amalgomer CR, Cention N and Zirconomer. Zirconomer has the least percentage reduction of micro hardness after application of APF gel amongst all the restorative materials. Keywords: APF gel, Amalgomer CR, Cention N, micro hardness, topical fluoride, Zirconomer.

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