scholarly journals Noise rejection through an improved quantum illumination protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gregory ◽  
P.-A. Moreau ◽  
S. Mekhail ◽  
O. Wolley ◽  
M. J. Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Light Quantum ◽  
Sensor Noise ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Noise Rejection ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Noise Statistics ◽  
Imaging Performance

AbstractQuantum illumination protocols can be implemented to improve imaging performance in the low photon flux regime even in the presence of both background light and sensor noise. However, the extent to which this noise can be rejected is limited by the rate of accidental correlations resulting from the detection of photon or noise events that are not quantum-correlated. Here we present an improved protocol that rejects up to $$\gtrsim 99.9\%$$ ≳ 99.9 % of background light and sensor noise in the low photon flux regime, improving upon our previous results by an order of magnitude. This improvement, which requires no information regarding the scene or noise statistics, will enable extremely low light quantum imaging techniques to be applied in environments previously thought difficult and be an important addition to the development of covert imaging, quantum microscopes, and quantum LIDAR.

scholarly journals A quantitative model of the planetary Na<sup>+</sup> contribution to Mercury’s magnetosphere

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1723-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Delcourt ◽  
S. Grimald ◽  
F. Leblanc ◽  
J.-J. Berthelier ◽  
A. Millilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Chaotic Scattering ◽  
Loss Cone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract. We examine the circulation of heavy ions of planetary origin within Mercury’s magnetosphere. Using single particle trajectory calculations, we focus on the dynamics of sodium ions, one of the main species that are ejected from the planet’s surface. The numerical simulations reveal a significant population in the near-Mercury environment in the nightside sector, with energetic (several keV) Na + densities that reach several tenths cm-3 at planetary perihelion. At aphelion, a lesser (by about one order of magnitude) density contribution is obtained, due to weaker photon flux and solar wind flux. The numerical simulations also display several features of interest that follow from the small spatial scales of Mercury’s magnetosphere. First, in contrast to the situation prevailing at Earth, ions in the magnetospheric lobes are found to be relatively energetic (a few hundreds of eV), despite the low-energy character of the exospheric source. This results from enhanced centrifugal acceleration during E × B transport over the polar cap. Second, the large Larmor radii in the mid-tail result in the loss of most Na + into the dusk flank at radial distances greater than a few planetary radii. Because gyroradii are comparable to, or larger than, the magnetic field variation length scale, the Na + motion is also found to be non-adiabatic throughout most of Mercury’s equatorial magnetosphere, leading to chaotic scattering into the loss cone or meandering (Speiser-type) motion in the near-tail. As a direct consequence, a localized region of energetic Na + precipitation develops at the planet’s surface. In this region which extends over a wide range of longitudes at mid-latitudes ( ~ 30°–40°), one may expect additional sputtering of planetary material.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (planetary magnetospheres) – Space plasma physics (charged particle motion and acceleration; numerical simulation studies)

Fluorescence Detection of DNA Hybridization Using an Integrated Thin-Film Amorphous Silicon n-i-p Photodiode

2008 ◽  
Vol 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pimentel ◽  
R. Cabeça ◽  
M. Rodrigues ◽  
D.M.F. Prazeres ◽  
V. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
System A ◽  
Silicon Carbon ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Target Molecules

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the fluorescence detection of DNA hybridization with a surface immobilized probe using an hydrogenated amorphous silicon photosensor. This sensor integrates a SiO2 layer for DNA probe immobilization, a p-i-n amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photodiode for fluorescence detection and a fluorescence filter of amorphous silicon carbon (a-SiC:H) to cut the excitation light. With this integrated photosensor system, a five order of magnitude difference was obtained in the signal measured at the emission wavelength and that measured at the excitation wavelength for the same incident photon flux. The fluorophore Alexa Fluor 430 was used to label the DNA target molecules and a laser at 405 nm and a photon flux of 5.7×1016 cm−2.s−1 was used as the excitation light source. The detection limit achieved for fluorophores in solution in contact with the device and for fluorophores immobilized on the device surface is 5×10−9 M and 0.4 pmol/cm2, respectively. The fluorescence detection of the DNA target hybridization with a covalently or electrostatically immobilized probe was successfully detected at a surface density of ∼3 pmol/cm2.

scholarly journals Convergence of Numbers of Synapses and Quantum Foci within Human Brain Space: Quantitative Implications of the Photon as the Source of Cognition

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Recoil Energy ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Geomagnetic Variations ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Intrinsic Energy

Quantitative solutions involving classical methods indicated that the numbers of quantum foci within the human cerebrum are the same order of magnitude as the numbers of synapses in the cerebral cortices. The Bohr frequency for the magnitude of the quantum associated with the removal of one nucleus from another is within the range of the width of synapse (~1 µm) while the recoil energy from a rest mass photon is equivalent to the energy produced by the entire field of dynamic neurons per second. The intrinsic energy (10-20 J) associated with each action potential is similar to the gravitational potential energy from Planck’s mass applied across 1 µm. Both the endogenous cerebral magnetic field strength which is similar in magnitude to intergalactic intensities and the interaction between weak geomagnetic variations and the cerebrum’s electric dipole current are associated with photon flux densities in the order (10-11 W∙m-2) that have been measured in the laboratory. The perspective of the human cerebral volume as a field of foci of photon quanta offers different perspectives for the intrinsic nature of consciousness and cognition and their influence by phenomena from astronomical origins.

Design of Digital Two-Time-Scale Control Systems with Sensor Noise Rejection

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1006
Author(s):  
Boris V. Shatalov ◽  
Valery D. Yurkevich
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Sensor Noise ◽  
Noise Rejection ◽  
Scale Control

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Multimodal Molecular Imaging of Cancer Mediated by Hybrid Magnetic Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2989
Author(s):  
Yurena Luengo Morato ◽  
Karina Ovejero Paredes ◽  
Laura Lozano Chamizo ◽  
Marzia Marciello ◽  
Marco Filice
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Good Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Fluorescent Molecules

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, which is why it is so important to make an early and very precise diagnosis to obtain a good prognosis. Thanks to the combination of several imaging modalities in the form of the multimodal molecular imaging (MI) strategy, a great advance has been made in early diagnosis, in more targeted and personalized therapy, and in the prediction of the results that will be obtained once the anticancer treatment is applied. In this context, magnetic nanoparticles have been positioned as strong candidates for diagnostic agents as they provide very good imaging performance. Furthermore, thanks to their high versatility, when combined with other molecular agents (for example, fluorescent molecules or radioisotopes), they highlight the advantages of several imaging techniques at the same time. These hybrid nanosystems can be also used as multifunctional and/or theranostic systems as they can provide images of the tumor area while they administer drugs and act as therapeutic agents. Therefore, in this review, we selected and identified more than 160 recent articles and reviews and offer a broad overview of the most important concepts that support the synthesis and application of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as molecular agents in advanced cancer detection based on the multimodal molecular imaging approach.

scholarly journals ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AT ELETTRA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zanini
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Full Field ◽  
X Ray

The use of synchrotron radiation for the analysis of samples of historical and artistic importance (archaeology, palaeontology, conservation sciences, palaeo-environments) has been increasing over the past years, and experiments related to the study of our cultural heritage (CH) have been routinely performed at many beamlines of Elettra, the Italian synchrotron radiation facility. Fundamental parameters such as the high photon flux, the small source size and the low divergence typical of synchrotrons make it a very efficient source for a range of advanced spectroscopy and imaging techniques, adapted to the dishomogeneity and complexity of the materials under study. The continuous tunability of the source (from infrared to X-rays) is essential for techniques based on a fine tuning of the probing energy to reach high chemical sensitivity such as XANES, EXAFS, STXM, UV/VIS spectrometry. Moreover, the small source size attained in the vertical plane leads to spatial coherence of the photon source itself, giving rise to a series of imaging methods already crucial to the field. The increasing number of scientific publications shows that microfocused hard X-ray spectroscopy (absorption, fluorescence, diffraction), full-field X-ray tomography and infrared spectroscopy are the most popular synchrotron techniques in the field. The Elettra laboratory now offers a platform dedicated to CH researchers in order to support both the proposal application phase and the different steps of the experiment, from sample preparation to data analysis. We will present this activity and the main instrumental setups and experimental techniques in use at Elettra, and describe their impact for the science being applied to ancient materials using synchrotron rad

Faster and cheaper: how graphics processing units on spot-market instances minimize turnaround time and budget

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-67
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Okita ◽  
Tiago A. Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Spot Market ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Graphics Processing ◽  
Price Differences

Cloud computing is enabling users to instantiate and access high-performance computing clusters quickly. However, without proper knowledge of the type of application and the nature of the instances, it can become quite expensive. The objective is to show that adequately choosing the instances provides a fast execution, which, in turn, leads to a low execution price, using the pay-as-you-go model on cloud computing. We used graphics processing units instances on the spot market to execute a seismic-dataset interpolation job and compared their performance to regular on-demand CPU instances. Furthermore, we explored how scaling could also improve the execution times at small price differences. The experiments have shown that, by using an instance with eight accelerators on the spot market, we obtain up to three hundred times speed-up compared to the on-demand CPU options, while being one hundred times cheaper. Finally, our results have shown that seismic-imaging processing can be sped up by order of magnitude with a low budget, resulting in faster and cheaper turn around processing time and enabling possible new imaging techniques.

scholarly journals A Fast 3D Near Range Imaging Algorithm for a Scanning Sparse MIMO Array in the Millimeter Band

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4701
Author(s):  
Feifan Wang ◽  
Bin Deng ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Hongqiang Wang ◽  
Ye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Range Imaging ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Array Imaging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mimo Arrays

Millimeter-wave technology has been widely used in near range targets imaging scenarios, such as mechanical scanning and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array imaging. Emerging scanning array regimes increase the need for fast-speed and high-quality imaging techniques, which, however, are often subject to specific array positions. Moreover, the relationship between array positions and the imaging performance is not clear, which leads to no uniform standard for array design. In this paper, a series of array configurations are designed to explore the impact of different array positions on the cross-range imaging performance. Meanwhile, a novel fast fully focused imaging algorithm with wavenumber domain properties is presented, which is not constrained by the positions of the transmitters and receivers. Simulation and experimental results show that, compared with a conventional algorithm, the proposed algorithm has a faster imaging speed under the same imagining quality. This study provides a feasible method for fast fully focused imaging in the case of location-constrained MIMO arrays, or partially damaged transceivers.

scholarly journals Imaging through noise with quantum illumination

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. eaay2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gregory ◽  
P.-A. Moreau ◽  
E. Toninelli ◽  
M. J. Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Transmission Losses ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Background Light ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Usual Quantum ◽  
Field Imaging

The contrast of an image can be degraded by the presence of background light and sensor noise. To overcome this degradation, quantum illumination protocols have been theorized that exploit the spatial correlations between photon pairs. Here, we demonstrate the first full-field imaging system using quantum illumination by an enhanced detection protocol. With our current technology, we achieve a rejection of background and stray light of up to 5.8 and also report an image contrast improvement up to a factor of 11, which is resilient to both environmental noise and transmission losses. The quantum illumination protocol differs from usual quantum schemes in that the advantage is maintained even in the presence of noise and loss. Our approach may enable laboratory-based quantum imaging to be applied to real-world applications where the suppression of background light and noise is important, such as imaging under low photon flux and quantum LIDAR.

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