scholarly journals Symmetric resonator based tunable epsilon negative near zero index metamaterial with high effective medium ratio for multiband wireless applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
Ismail Hossain ◽  
Mohamed S. Soliman ◽  
Md Samsuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields

AbstractIn this paper, a tuned metamaterial (MTM) consisting of a symmetric split ring resonator is presented that exhibits epsilon negative (ENG), near zero permeability and refractive index properties for multiband microwave applications. The proposed metamaterial is constituted on a Rogers (RT-5880) substrate with 1.57 mm thickness and the electrical dimension of 0.14λ × 0.14λ, where wavelength, λ is calculated at 4.2 GHz. The symmetric resonating patch is subdivided into four equal and similar quartiles with two interconnecting split rings in each quartile. The quartiles are connected at the center of the substrate with a square metal strip with which four tuning metal strips are attached. These tuning metal strips are acted as spacers between four quartiles of the resonator patch. Numerical simulation of the proposed design is executed in CST microwave studio. The proposed MTM provides four resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) at 4.20 GHz, 10.14 GHz, 13.15 GHz, and 17.1 GHz covering C, X and Ku bands with negative permittivity, near zero permeability and refractive index. The calculated effective medium ratio (EMR) is 7.14 at 4.2 GHz indicates its compactness. The resonance frequencies are selective in nature which can be easily tuned by varying the length of the tuning metal stubs. The equivalent circuit of the proposed MTM is modelled in Advanced Design Software (ADS) that exhibits a similar S21 compared with CST simulation. Surface current, electric and magnetic fields are analyzed to explain the frequency tuning property and other performances of the MTM. Compact size, ENG with near zero permeability and refractive index along with frequency selectivity through tuning provides flexibility for frequency selective applications of this MTM in wireless communications.

scholarly journals Realization of frequency hopping characteristics of an epsilon negative metamaterial with high effective medium ratio for multiband microwave applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
Md. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Touhidul Alam ◽  
Md Samsuzzaman ◽  
Qutaiba A. Razouqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Small Dimension ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Design System ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Meander Line

AbstractIn this paper, a meander-lines-based epsilon negative (ENG) metamaterial (MTM) with a high effective medium ratio (EMR) and near-zero refractive index (NZI) is designed and investigated for multiband microwave applications. The metamaterial unit cell is a modification of the conventional square split-ring resonator in which the meander line concept is utilized. The meander line helps to increase the electrical length of the rings and provides strong multiple resonances within a small dimension. The unit cell of proposed MTM is initiated on a low-cost FR4 substrate of 1.5 mm thick and electrical dimension of 0.06λ × 0.06λ, where wavelength, λ is calculated at the lowest resonance frequency (2.48 GHz). The MTM provides four major resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) at 2.48, 4.28, 9.36, and 13.7 GHz covering S, C, X, and Ku bands. It shows negative permittivity, near-zero permeability, and near-zero refractive index in the vicinity of these resonances. The equivalent circuit is designed and modeled in Advanced Design System (ADS) software. The simulated S21 of the MTM unit cell is compared with the measured one and both show close similarity. The array performance of the MTM is also evaluated by using 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 8 × 8 arrays that show close resemblance with the unit cell. The MTM offers a high effective medium ratio (EMR) of 15.1, indicating the design's compactness. The frequency hopping characteristics of the proposed MTM is investigated by open and short-circuited the three outer rings split gaps by using three switches. Eight different combinations of the switching states provide eight different sets of multiband resonances within 2–18 GHz; those give the flexibility of using the proposed MTM operating in various frequency bands. For its small dimension, NZI, high EMR, and frequency hopping characteristics through switching, this metamaterial can be utilized for multiband microwave applications, especially to enhance the gain of multiband antennas.

Schwingung eines Plasmazylinders in einem axialen Magnetfeld II

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Körper
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Cylinder ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Radial oscillations are excited in a homogeneous infinite plasma cylinder in a homogeneous axial magnetic field by a surface current which is homogeneous in the axial and azimuthal directions. The modes of oscillations corresponding to the axial and azimuthal components of current are not coupled, and so they may be analysed separately. The magnetic field in the plasma and vacuum is obtained, and the indices of refraction for both types of oscillations are discussed thoroughly. When the currents are parallel to the external magnetic field, the oscillations are characterized by the refractive index of Eccles. On the other hand, when the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field two resonance frequencies exist, which depend on the density of the plasma and the magnetic field strength. — In the latter case the radial characteristic oscillations of the plasma cylinder in an external magnetic field are considered.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Metamaterial based-check board AMC Backed EBG Antenna for Body Placement Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 707-721
Author(s):  
Kunapareddy Koteswara Rao, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Return Loss ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Sar Analysis

In this paper a compact EBG antenna with Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) is proposed for on body applications. The proposed antenna is designed with single SRR (split ring resonator) and double SRR to differentiate the performance of the proposed antenna. The proposed EBG antenna bending analysis is performed at different angles on human body to attain good radiation characteristics. The footprint of proposed antenna is of 0.2λ0*0.24λ0mm2 and AMC with dimension of 0.48λ0*0.48λ0 mm2.The proposed antenna is obtained good return loss and radiation characteristics when EBG antenna is placed on the human leg with an angle of 300 at corresponding operating frequencies 2.4GHz, 5.8GHz, 9GHz and 9.5GHz respectively. The obtained operating frequencies cover wireless applications such as GPS, ISM, and Radar and satellite communications. The proposed EBG antenna is obtained with high gain 7.05dBi at 9.5GHz operating frequency. The surface current distributions are obtained for the proposed antenna is of 137A/m. Good isometric radiation patterns are observed for the proposed antenna. The SAR analysis is performed when the EBG antenna is placed on the human leg at an angle of 30degree is of 1.23W/kg.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Patch Antenna for C, X, Ku Band Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantha Selvakumari R ◽  
Vishnoo Priyaa P
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Complementary Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Radar Applications

Abstract This paper presents the design and simulation of patch antenna loaded with metamaterial called Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) with increased gain and bandwidth suitable for wireless applications such as satellite, TV and radar applications. FR4 substrate with dielectric constant (εr ) of 4.4 is used. The radiating patch consists of CSRR structure fed by microstrip line to achieve triple(C, X, Ku ) band characteristics. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS). The proposed antenna with 4 rings having a resonant frequency of 7.662, 9.8510, 10.9455, 11.8410, 12.7365 and 13.7315GHz and the bandwidth of 230, 1090, 640, 580, 620 and 2000MHz respectively. The proposed antenna with 6 rings also having a resonant frequency of 7.7615, 9.9525, 11.0450, 11.9405 and13.7315GHz and bandwidth of 160, 1130, 490, 1360 and 1480MHz are achieved. The proposed antenna is analyzed in terms of return loss, VSWR, gain and bandwidth. The electric field and surface current distribution were observed for the proposed antenna having 6 rings.

scholarly journals A fractal quad-band antenna loaded with L-shaped slot and metamaterial for wireless applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 826-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Ali ◽  
Mohammad Saadh Aw ◽  
Rajashekhar C. Biradar
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Sierpinski Triangle ◽  
Current Path ◽  
X Band ◽  
Compact Dimension ◽  
Novel Concept

A novel concept of using fractal antenna with metamaterial and slot to achieve multiband operation is investigated. The antenna consists of an L-shaped slot, Sierpinski triangle (used as fractal) as the radiating part and metamaterial circular split ring resonator (SRR) as the ground plane. The introduction of metamaterial in the ground plane makes the antenna operate at 3.3 GHz (middle WiMAX). The etching of Sierpinski triangle and L-shaped slot in the radiating monopole perturbs the surface current distribution; thereby increasing the total current path length which tends the antenna to further operate at 5.5 (upper WiMAX), 7.3 (satellite TV) and 9.9 GHz (X-band), respectively. The extraction of medium parameter of a circular SRR through waveguide medium is discussed in detail. The antenna has a compact dimension of 0.33λ0 × 0.27λ0 × 0.01λ0 = 30 mm × 24.8 mm × 1.6 mm, at a lower frequency of 3.3 GHz. Under simulation, antenna operates at 3.3, 5.5, 7.3 and 9.9 GHz with S11 < −10 dB bandwidth of about 5.9% (3.24–3.44 GHz), 5.6% (5.31–5.62 GHz), 7.3% (6.99–7.52 GHz) and 3.02% (9.78–10.08 GHz), respectively. In measurement, antenna exhibit resonances at 3.1, 5.52, 7.31, 9.72 GHz with S11 < −10 dB bandwidth of about 3.5% (3.04–3.15 GHz), 5.01% (5.44–5.72 GHz), 13.2% (6.76–7.72 GHz) and 5.77% (9.42–9.98 GHz), respectively. Good impedance matching and stable radiation characteristics are observed across the operational bandwidth of the proposed configuration.

scholarly journals Bandwidth and gain enhancement of a circular microstrip antenna using a DNG split ring resonator radome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-643
Author(s):  
Ojo Rasheed ◽  
Mohd Faizal Jamlos ◽  
Ping Jack Soh ◽  
Mohd Aminudin Jamlos ◽  
Muammar Mohamad Isa
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Circular Patch ◽  
Gain Enhancement ◽  
Circular Microstrip Antenna

This paper present the design of a circular patch microstrip antenna with enhancement in terms of bandwidth and gain using a dielectric double negative (DNG) split ring metamaterial radome. This radome is positioned on top of the CP antenna operating from 5.2 GHz to 6.4 GHz. The metamaterial radome comprises of two alternate split rings of negative permittivity, permeability and refractive index. The circular microstrip antenna bandwidth of 430 MHz has been realized by the presence of DNG metamaterial radome compared to 220 MHz without the radome. The gain has been increased as well from 1.84 dBi to 3.87 dBi.

scholarly journals Modified double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator-based negative permittivity metamaterial for satellite communications with high effective medium ratio

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Bellal Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque ◽  
Sikder Sunbeam Islam ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Split Ring

AbstractMetamaterial with negative permittivity demonstrate excellent performance in cutting-edge technology. Thus, this study modified the double dumbbell-shaped split-ring resonator (MDD-SRR) based negative permittivity for satellite communications. The proposed MDD-SRR unit cell comprises a square-shaped split-ring resonator and two dumbbell-shaped rings. Some parts of the outer square ring were extended to enlarge the electrical length which altered the inductance of the metamaterial unit cell. The dimension of the proposed unit cell is 9 × 9 × 1.524 mm3, fabricated on a Rogers RT6002 (lossy) substrate material. Based on the results, five resonances for the transmission coefficient were achieved at frequencies of 2.896 GHz, 8.11 GHz, 9.76 GHz, 12.48 GHz and 13.49 GHz, including the S, X and Ku band satellite communication frequency bands through numerical simulation in a high-frequency electromagnetic simulator Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio. Negative permittivity at frequencies ranging from 2.896–3.76 GHz, 8.11–8.592 GHz, 9.76–10.784 GHz, 12.496–12.768 GHz, 13.504–14.4 GHz, were observed and extracted using the Robust and Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) methods. Meanwhile, an effective medium ratio (EMR) measured at 11.51 to 2.896 GHz specified the goodness of the metamaterial unit cell for satellite communication with higher bandwidth and gain. The simulated, circuit model and measured results that were compared for validation purposes indicated that the simulation results, the equivalent circuit model results and measured results occupied each other. Moreover, the numerical simulation of the double dumbbell-shaped metamaterial unit cell was performed using a High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to confirm the results. To evaluate the parametric study, the proposed unit cell was subjected to change different substrate types, change of split gap of rings, change of direction of electromagnetic field propagation, and structural optimization. In conclusion, the S, X and Ku-bands in the proposed metamaterial are competent for satellite communications as they are also investigated using an array of a unit cell.

Characteristics of Left Handed Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Thill A. Kadhum Al-Musawi ◽  
Samira Adnan Mahdi ◽  
Sundus Yaseen Hasan AL-Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Artificial Materials ◽  
Permittivity And Permeability ◽  
Gap Width

Researchers have been interested in studying so-called Left-Handed Metamaterials LHM, which are artificial materials. These materials have unusual characteristics, like negative permittivity and permeability, and therefore negative index. This paper has been discussed some characteristics of LHM by designing a square split ring resonator SRR and simulating with CST microwave studio (Computer Simulation Technology) to get S-parameters. The broadband frequencies (0-30) GHz were taking to specify the effective range of frequencies to work with, which was found to be between (8- 14) GHz. Then, the parameters of SRR have been varied such as split width on, gap width, metal width, rod width and metal material. The measurements show some of parameters have been affected the values of resonance frequency and the others are not. Also, the negative values of permittivity, permeability, and refractive index have been approved.

scholarly journals Compact Ultra-Wideband Monopole Antenna Loaded with Metamaterial

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Salem Al-Bawri ◽  
Hui Hwang Goh ◽  
Md Shabiul Islam ◽  
Hin Yong Wong ◽  
Mohd Faizal Jamlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Wide Bandwidth ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Uwb Applications

A printed compact monopole antenna based on a single negative (SNG) metamaterial is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. A low-profile, key-shaped structure forms the radiating monopole and is loaded with metamaterial unit cells with negative permittivity and more than 1.5 GHz bandwidth of near-zero refractive index (NZRI) property. The antenna offers a wide bandwidth from 3.08 to 14.1 GHz and an average gain of 4.54 dBi, with a peak gain of 6.12 dBi; this is in contrast to the poor performance when metamaterial is not used. Moreover, the maximum obtained radiation efficiency is 97%. A reasonable agreement between simulation and experiments is realized, demonstrating that the proposed antenna can operate over a wide bandwidth with symmetric split-ring resonator (SSRR) metamaterial structures and compact size of 14.5 × 22 mm2 (0.148 λ0 × 0.226 λ0) with respect to the lowest operating frequency.

‘Folded-Line’ Left Handed Metamaterial for Efficient Architecture Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Suhailah Saibu ◽  
Mohd Ali Lee Razak
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Split Ring Resonator ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Negative Permittivity ◽  
Electromagnetic Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scattering Parameter ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Operational Frequency

The design of artificial metamaterial (MTM) has been proposed as an effective medium with extracted scattering parameter by applying Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NWR) equation to achieved negative permittivity and permeability. The novel architecture of ‘Folded-Line’ Left-handed metamaterial (FL-LHM) consist of split ring resonator SRR is designed and modified using LC lump elements analysis to extend bandwidth and operational frequency at 6 GHz to 12 GHz. In this study, we proposed metamaterial novel unit cell designs and simulate the performance in terms of the distribution of electric and magnetic fields, absorption, transmittance and reflectance. The unit cell of FL-LHM as medium allows controlling electromagnetic waves can cause backwave propagation is observed electromagnetic response that current induced in the closed FL-LHM unit cell. This design has its own advantage in term of FL-LHM parameter width, thickness, and absorption bandwidth and transmittance wavelength, might be severely important for particular purposes such as waveguiding or sensing application.

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