scholarly journals A movable type bioelectronics printing technology for modular fabrication of biosensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muqun Yang ◽  
Mingyang Liu ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Han Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Printing Method

AbstractBiosensors have been widely used in various fields such as food industry, environmental testing and medical testing for their high sensitivity. However, current fabrication methods of biosensors, such as screen printing, micro fabrication and 3D printing suffer from complex procedures, requirement of cleanroom facility and limited fabrication materials, which significantly restrict the development and utilization of biosensors. Here, we propose a movable type bioelectronics printing method for the fabrication of biosensors by directly transferring bioelectronic materials onto various substrates using pre-fabricated molds. This simple, low-cost, yet robust method facilitates on-demand printing of master molds of partial or complete circuits on both rigid or flexible substrates. With this method, bioactive materials such as enzymes can be directly transferred onto substrates together with other electronic components, without complex modification after electrode fabrication using conventional methods. For demonstration, a dual-channel flexible electrochemical biosensor was fabricated by the movable type bioelectronics printing method for continuous monitoring of glucose and lactate. The movable type bioelectronics printing technology holds advantages of repeatability, flexibility and low cost for fabrication of biosensors on rigid and flexible substrates, as well as direct transfer printing of bioactive materials, which greatly promotes small-scale production of biosensors.

scholarly journals Low-cost Large Scale Vermicompost Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2115 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Sonam Solanki ◽  
Gunendra Mahore
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract In the current process of producing vermicompost on a large-scale, the main challenge is to keep the worms alive. This is achieved by maintaining temperature and moisture in their living medium. It is a difficult task to maintain these parameters throughout the process. Currently, this is achieved by building infrastructure but this method requires a large initial investment and long-run maintenance. Also, these methods are limited to small-scale production. For large-scale production, a unit is developed which utilises natural airflow with water and automation. The main aim of this unit is to provide favourable conditions to worms in large-scale production with very low investment and minimum maintenance in long term. The key innovation of this research is that the technology used in the unit should be practical and easy to adopt by small farmers. For long-term maintenance of the technology lesser number of parts are used.

Research on the Development of Large Application Specific Integrated Circuit Based on SOPC

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1663-1666
Author(s):  
Qing Chen Kong ◽  
Guang Can Zhang ◽  
Yong Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Development Platform ◽  
Short Development Cycle ◽  
Application Specific Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Application ◽  
Promising Development

This paper introduces a design of ASIC with the advantages of high performance, low power, low cost and short development cycle, which is especially suitable for the middle and small scale production of complicated large programmable ASIC. Through introducing the performance and latest development of HardCopy series devices and Stratix FPGA series devices, and based on the development platform of Quartus II and Nios II system, this paper analyzes the complete development process of Stratix FPGA and HardCopy ASIC based on SOPC. This paper concludes the seamless transplant from Stratix FPGA to HardCopy ASIC based on the SOPC with IP multiplexing, which is the most promising development direction of producing large programmable ASIC with high performance and low cost in the future.

Large-scale Production of Selective Gas Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube Mats Transistors

2010 ◽  
Vol 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Gorintin ◽  
Paolo Bondavalli ◽  
pierre legagneux ◽  
Marc Chatelet
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Substrates ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Large Scale Production

AbstractThe first paper showing the great potentiality of Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect transistors (CNTFETs) for gas sensing applications was published in 2000 [1]. It has been demonstrated that the performances of this kind of sensors are extremely interesting : a sensitivity of around 100ppt (e.g. for NO2 [2]) has been achieved in 2003 and several techniques to improve selectivity have been tested with very promising results [2]. The main issues that have not allowed, up to now, these devices to strike more largely the market of sensors, have been the lack of an industrial method to obtain low-cost devices, a demonstration of their selectivity in relevant environments and finally a deeper study on the effect of humidity and the possible solutions to reduce it. This contribution deals with CNTFETs based sensors fabricated using air-brush technique deposition on large surfaces. Compared to our last contribution [3], we have optimized the air-brush technique in order to obtain high performances transistors (Log(Ion)/ Log(Ioff) ~ 5/6) with highly reproducible characteristics : this is a key point for the industrial exploitation. We have developed a machine which allows us the dynamic deposition on heated substrates of the SWCNT solutions, improving dramatically the uniformity of the SWCNT mats. We have performed tests using different solvents that could be adapted as a function of the substrates (e.g. flexible substrates). Moreover these transistors have been achieved using different metal electrodes (patented approach [4]) in order to improve selectivity. Results of tests using NO2, NH3 with concentrations between ~ 1ppm and 10ppm will be shown during the meeting.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Examination on Small Scale Sugarcane Harvesting Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5265-5268
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
By Products

The work in this paper is focused , about the sugarcane harvesting machine, as India is considered as one of the higher consumers and producers of sugarcane and its by products and to due to huge population, there is a high demand of sugarcane and to meet the demand of population, large scale production has to be adopted, hence for farming and harvesting the sugarcane an automated, low cost harvester is necessary for the farmers to reduce the efforts of sugarcane harvesting and to increase the rate of sugar cane cutting. This machine will be helpful for the farmers having both small and big farms, the work on this paper was carried to identify the major options along with the opportunities and major chances for future enhancement in the field of agriculture industries.

scholarly journals PROTOTYPING OF MICROWAVE DEVICES WITH SPECIFIED ELECTRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS USING ADDITIVE 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-101
Author(s):  
S. V. Kharalgin ◽  
G. V. Kulikov ◽  
A. B. Kotelnikov ◽  
M. V. Snastin ◽  
E. M. Dobychina
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Microwave Devices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Conductive Layer ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Maximum Extent ◽  
3D Printing Technology

The technology of additive 3D printing is widely used in various branches of science and industry. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to evaluate and study the possibilities of 3D printing technology applied to the manufacture of microwave devices and to compare the characteristics of the devices obtained with the characteristics used in the electrodynamic model. Printing metal parts is an overly expensive process in small-scale production, both in terms of the cost of equipment and in relation to the materials used. In this work, parts for microwave devices were made of plastic with the aim of cheapening. Relatively cheap polymers used in 3D printing are dielectrics. Therefore, to limit the propagation of an electromagnetic wave in all directions it was necessary to create a conductive layer on the surface of printed models. The article: identifies the FFF print parameters that affect to the maximum extent the propagation of an electromagnetic wave; describes the process and problems encountered when printing and galvanizing parts; discusses the steps of modeling devices and measuring their parameters. The characteristics of microwave devices made by 3D printing technology were investigated. An assessment of the possibilities of manufacturing antennas and coaxial-waveguide transitions using this technology was carried out. To implement the conductive layer on the surface of the models, the method of galvanization was used. The adhesion properties of the obtained metallic coatings were investigated. The results of electromagnetic modeling are given. The parameters that affect to the maximum extent the quality of the implemented devices were determined. Laboratory measurements of the characteristics of produced devices were conducted. The simulation results of the examined devices are in good agreement with the experimental characteristics of the made models using 3D printing technology. A complete production cycle of microwave devices was carried out: design, simulation, sample production, and validation of characteristics. Prospects for the further development of the described technology include a variation of the types of plastics used as a substrate, the application of finishing decorative and functional coatings, an improvement in the adhesion properties of the applied copper layer with the substrate.

On practical application of plasma and laser hardening

2020 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
M.V. Zlokazov ◽  
V.A. Korotkov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Laser Hardening ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Plasma Hardening ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Increase Wear Resistance ◽  
Finishing Machining

Laser and plasma hardening practically do not damage the surface, so the parts after their execution are sent to the assembly without finishing machining, which reduces the complexity and logistics of the process. In conditions of dry friction hardened steel discs 45 and 40Kh increase wear resistance up to 100 times. The service life of parts strengthened by laser and plasma hardening is repeatedly increased. Laser hardening differs from plasma hardening by higher cost of equipment, therefore it is preferable in large-scale production. Plasma installation UDGZ-200, thanks to manual operation, it is possible to temper the surfaces inaccessible or inaccessible to other hardening methods. This, together with the low cost of equipment, makes plasma hardening cost-effective in conditions of single-unit and small-scale productions.

scholarly journals Preliminary studies on A.C/D.C heat source cum kerosene lantern for egg incubation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
B. A. Adewunmi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Power Failure ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Air Circulation

The study was initiated to determine the possibility of using a.c/d.c heat source to power table incubators for domestic and small scale production of chicks. A low cost electrical incubator with a capacity for 60 eggs was designed and used for the study. The incubator was provided with a kerosene lantern to supplement the a.c/d.c heat source during prolonged power failure, with the combustion products from the lantern prevented from having contact with eggs. The incubator was equally provided with a fan to assist air circulation. Three tests were conducted. The temperature and relative humidity in the incubator during the tests were found to be adequate and within the recommended limits. The actual percentage hatchability in the incubator was relatively low with a maximum record of 18.75%. it was found that the embryos in the fertilized but unhatched eggs actually developed but died in shell within the 18th and 21st day of incubation. It was also found that almost all the embryos that died were fully developed when the shells were broken after the incubation period. Preventing such occurrences would improve the hatchability result of the incubator. This could be achieved by improving the ventilation in the incubator and improving on the present design.

Synthesis of Single and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Improved Arc Discharge Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sami-Ullah ◽  
S.M.H. Waqar ◽  
F. Hussain ◽  
A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Noteworthy Feature ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Swcnts And Mwcnts ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper presents the development of a laboratory scale setup for the production of CNTs by arc discharge process in an argon gas environment. The main problem with the existing lab scale production setups is the cleaning of the chamber and this problem is resolved in presented work by placing a circular metal sheet inside the chamber, which is removed after the synthesis, thus allowing easy cleaning and recovery of the produced CNTs. The most noteworthy feature of the presented setup is its low cost, hence offering for the first time the synthesis of economical CNTs on small scale. In addition to offering better control over operating conditions and hence the quality of CNTs, another unique feature of the developed setup is its capability to synthesize SWCNTs and MWCNTs with versatile range of diameters. Significant quantity of CNTs using the developed setup were produced and characterized by using Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) and few results are reported.

scholarly journals TiO2 as a Photocatalyst for Water Splitting—An Experimental and Theoretical Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1687
Author(s):  
Håkon Eidsvåg ◽  
Said Bentouba ◽  
Ponniah Vajeeston ◽  
Shivatharsiny Yohi ◽  
Dhayalan Velauthapillai
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range

Hydrogen produced from water using photocatalysts driven by sunlight is a sustainable way to overcome the intermittency issues of solar power and provide a green alternative to fossil fuels. TiO2 has been used as a photocatalyst since the 1970s due to its low cost, earth abundance, and stability. There has been a wide range of research activities in order to enhance the use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst using dopants, modifying the surface, or depositing noble metals. However, the issues such as wide bandgap, high electron-hole recombination time, and a large overpotential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) persist as a challenge. Here, we review state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical research on TiO2 based photocatalysts and identify challenges that have to be focused on to drive the field further. We conclude with a discussion of four challenges for TiO2 photocatalysts—non-standardized presentation of results, bandgap in the ultraviolet (UV) region, lack of collaboration between experimental and theoretical work, and lack of large/small scale production facilities. We also highlight the importance of combining computational modeling with experimental work to make further advances in this exciting field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document