scholarly journals Climate change affects the parasitism rate and impairs the regulation of genes related to oxidative stress and ionoregulation of Colossoma macropomum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Custodio da Costa ◽  
Samara Silva de Souza ◽  
Jonatas da Silva Castro ◽  
Renan Diego Amanajás ◽  
Adalberto Luis Val
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractGlobal climate change represents a critical threat to the environment since it influences organismic interactions, such as the host-parasite systems, mainly in ectotherms including fishes. Rising temperature and CO2 are predicted to affect this interaction other and critical physiological processes in fish. Herein, we investigated the effects of different periods of exposure to climate change scenarios and to two degrees of parasitism by monogeneans in the host-parasite interaction, as well as the antioxidant and ionoregulatory responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), an important species in South American fishing and aquaculture. We hypothesized that temperature and CO2 changes in combination with parasite infection would interfere with the host’s physiological processes that are related to oxidative stress and ionoregulation. We experimentally exposed C. macropomum to low and high levels of parasitism in the current and extreme climate scenarios (4.5 °C and 900 ppm CO2 above current levels) for periods of seven and thirty days and we use as analyzed factors; the exposure time, the climate scenario and parasitism level in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial through a three-way ANOVA as being fish the experimental unit (n = 8). An analysis of gill enzymatic and gene expression profile was performed to assess physiological (SOD, GPx and Na+/K+-ATPase enzymes) and molecular (Nrf2, SOD1, HIF-1α and NKA α1a genes) responses. A clear difference in the parasitism levels of individuals exposed to the extreme climate scenario was observed with a rapid and aggressive increase that was higher after 7 days of exposure though showed a decrease after 30 days. The combination of exposure to the extreme climate change scenario and parasitism caused oxidative stress and osmoregulatory disturbance, which was observed through the analysis of gene expression (Nrf2, SOD1, HIF-1α and NKA α1a) and antioxidant and ionoregulatory enzymes (SOD, GPx and Na+/K+-ATPase) on the host, possibly linked to inflammatory processes caused by the high degree of parasitism. In the coming years, these conditions may result in losses of performance for this species, and as such will represent ecological damage and economical losses, and result in a possible vulnerability in relation to food security.

scholarly journals Exploring the mitochondrial response to oxidative DNA damage in octocorals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav G Shimpi ◽  
Sergio Vargas ◽  
Gert Wörheide
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Mtdna Copy Number ◽  
Mtdna Damage ◽  
Ph Stress

Mitochondrial response to oxidative stress is intricately related to cellular homeostasis due to the high susceptibility of the mitochondrial genome to oxidative damage. Octocoral mitogenomes possess a unique DNA repair gene, mtMutS, potentially capable of counteracting the effects of oxidative stress induced mtDNA damage. Despite this unique feature, the response of octocoral mitochondria to increased oxidative stress remains unexplored. Here we explore the response of the octocoral Sinularia cf. cruciata to elevated temperature and low-pH stress and its ability to reverse acute oxidative mtDNA damage caused by exogenous agents like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The differential transcriptional response to these climate change-related stresses was recorded for two mtDNA-encoded genes and three stress biomarkers. Only HSP70 was significantly upregulated during thermal stress whereas significant reduction in the expression levels of HSP70, GPX, and COI was observed along with an increased number of mtMutS transcripts during low-pH stress. Damage to mtDNA was evident, accompanied by changes in mtDNA copy number. Damage caused by H2O2 toxicity was reversed within 5 hours and initial mtDNA copy number apparently influenced damage reversal. Our results indicate that different stress-specific resilience strategies are used by this octocoral species and its mitochondria to reverse oxidative stress and associated mtDNA damage. These experiments provide the first account on the response of octocoral mitochondria with its unique gene repertoire among animals to different stressors and highlight its potential role in conferring resilience to the host cells during different climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Modeling the combined impact of future climate and land use changes on streamflow of Xinjiang Basin, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renhua Yan ◽  
Jiacong Huang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Junfeng Gao ◽  
Lingyan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Future Evolution

The response of hydrologic circulation to climate and land use changes is important in studying the historical, present, and future evolution of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 multi-model ensemble and a raster-based Xin'anjiang model were applied to simulate future streamflows under three climate change scenarios and two land use/cover change conditions in the Xinjiang Basin, China, and to investigate the combined effect of future climate and land use/cover changes on streamflow. Simulation results indicated that future climate and land use/cover changes affect not only the seasonal distributions of streamflow, but also the annual amounts of streamflow. For each climate scenario, the average monthly streamflows increase by more than 4% in autumn and early winter, while decreasing by more than −26% in spring and summer for the 21st century. The annual streamflows present a clear decreasing trend of −27%. Compared with land use/cover change, climate change affects streamflow change more. Land use/cover change can mitigate the climate change effect from January to August and enhance it in other months. These results can provide scientific information for regional water resources management and land use planning in the future.

How will farmed populations of freshwater fish deal with the extreme climate scenario in 2100? Transcriptional responses of Colossoma macropomum from two Brazilian climate regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 102487
Author(s):  
Luciana Mara Fé-Gonçalves ◽  
José Deney Alves Araújo ◽  
Carlos Henrique dos Anjos dos Santos ◽  
Adalberto Luis Val ◽  
Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Extreme Climate

scholarly journals Identification of Distant Regulatory Elements Using Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Heat-Responsive Genes in Oysters

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Kexin Zhang ◽  
Jinpeng Wang ◽  
Fangfang Ding ◽  
Ruihui Shi ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Expression Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Independent Family ◽  
Trait Loci

Many marine ectotherms, especially those inhabiting highly variable intertidal zones, develop high phenotypic plasticity in response to rapid climate change by modulating gene expression levels. Herein, we examined the regulatory architecture of heat-responsive gene expression plasticity in oysters using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. Using a backcross family of Crassostrea gigas and its sister species Crassostrea angulata under acute stress, 56 distant regulatory regions accounting for 6–26.6% of the gene expression variation were identified for 19 heat-responsive genes. In total, 831 genes and 164 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that could potentially regulate expression of the target genes were screened in the eQTL region. The association between three SNPs and the corresponding target genes was verified in an independent family. Specifically, Marker13973 was identified for heat shock protein (HSP) family A member 9 (HspA9). Ribosomal protein L10a (RPL10A) was detected approximately 2 kb downstream of the distant regulatory SNP. Further, Marker14346-48 and Marker14346-85 were in complete linkage disequilibrium and identified for autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7). Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) was detected approximately 3 kb upstream of the two SNPs. These results suggested regulatory relationships between RPL10A and HSPA9 and between NRF1 and ATG7. Our findings indicate that distant regulatory mutations play an important role in the regulation of gene expression plasticity by altering upstream regulatory factors in response to heat stress. The identified eQTLs provide candidate biomarkers for predicting the persistence of oysters under future climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Celastrol and Melatonin Modify SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 Gene Expression and Improve the Response of Human Granulosa-Lutein Cells to Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Rita Martín-Ramírez ◽  
Rebeca González-Fernández ◽  
Jairo Hernández ◽  
Pablo Martín-Vasallo ◽  
Angela Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Physiological Processes

An excess of oxidative stress (OS) may affect several physiological processes fundamental to reproduction. SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 are involved in protection stress systems caused by OS, and they can be activated by antioxidants such as celastrol or melatonin. In this study, we evaluate SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 gene expression in cultured human granulosa-lutein (hGL) cells in response to OS inductors (glucose or peroxynitrite) and/or antioxidants. Our results show that celastrol and melatonin improve cell survival in the presence and absence of OS inductors. In addition, melatonin induced SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7 gene expression while celastrol only induced SIRT7 gene expression. This response was not altered by the addition of OS inductors. Our previous data for cultured hGL cells showed a dual role of celastrol as a free radical scavenger and as a protective agent by regulating gene expression. This study shows a direct effect of celastrol on SIRT7 gene expression. Melatonin may protect from OS in a receptor-mediated manner rather than as a scavenger. In conclusion, our results show increased hGL cells survival with melatonin or celastrol treatment under OS conditions, probably through the regulation of nuclear sirtuins’ gene expression.

scholarly journals Exploring the mitochondrial response to oxidative DNA damage in octocorals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav G Shimpi ◽  
Sergio Vargas ◽  
Gert Wörheide
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Mtdna Copy Number ◽  
Mtdna Damage ◽  
Ph Stress

Mitochondrial response to oxidative stress is intricately related to cellular homeostasis due to the high susceptibility of the mitochondrial genome to oxidative damage. Octocoral mitogenomes possess a unique DNA repair gene, mtMutS, potentially capable of counteracting the effects of oxidative stress induced mtDNA damage. Despite this unique feature, the response of octocoral mitochondria to increased oxidative stress remains unexplored. Here we explore the response of the octocoral Sinularia cf. cruciata to elevated temperature and low-pH stress and its ability to reverse acute oxidative mtDNA damage caused by exogenous agents like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The differential transcriptional response to these climate change-related stresses was recorded for two mtDNA-encoded genes and three stress biomarkers. Only HSP70 was significantly upregulated during thermal stress whereas significant reduction in the expression levels of HSP70, GPX, and COI was observed along with an increased number of mtMutS transcripts during low-pH stress. Damage to mtDNA was evident, accompanied by changes in mtDNA copy number. Damage caused by H2O2 toxicity was reversed within 5 hours and initial mtDNA copy number apparently influenced damage reversal. Our results indicate that different stress-specific resilience strategies are used by this octocoral species and its mitochondria to reverse oxidative stress and associated mtDNA damage. These experiments provide the first account on the response of octocoral mitochondria with its unique gene repertoire among animals to different stressors and highlight its potential role in conferring resilience to the host cells during different climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Climate-change-induced range shifts of three allergenic ragweeds (AmbrosiaL.) in Europe and their potential impact on human health

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Rasmussen ◽  
Jakob Thyrring ◽  
Robert Muscarella ◽  
Finn Borchsenius
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Baltic Countries

Invasive allergenic plant species may have severe health-related impacts. In this study we aim to predict the effects of climate change on the distribution of three allergenic ragweed species (Ambrosiaspp.) in Europe and discuss the potential associated health impact. We built species distribution models based on presence-only data for three ragweed species, using MAXENT software. Future climatic habitat suitability was modeled under two IPCC climate change scenarios (RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5). We quantify the extent of the increase in ‘high allergy risk’ (HAR) areas, i.e., parts of Europe with climatic conditions corresponding to the highest quartile (25%) of present day habitat suitability for each of the three species. We estimate that by year 2100, the distribution range of all three ragweed species increases towards Northern and Eastern Europe under all climate scenarios. HAR areas will expand in Europe by 27–100%, depending on species and climate scenario. Novel HAR areas will occur mostly in Denmark, France, Germany, Russia and the Baltic countries, and overlap with densely populated cities such as Paris and St. Petersburg. We conclude that areas in Europe affected by severe ragweed associated allergy problems are likely to increase substantially by year 2100, affecting millions of people. To avoid this, management strategies must be developed that restrict ragweed dispersal and establishment of new populations. Precautionary efforts should limit the spread of ragweed seeds and reduce existing populations. Only by applying cross-countries management plans can managers mitigate future health risks and economical consequences of a ragweed expansion in Europe.

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