scholarly journals Fluoroquinolone treatment as a protective factor for 10-day mortality in Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naihma Salum Fontana ◽  
K. I. Ibrahim ◽  
P. R. Bonazzi ◽  
F. Rossi ◽  
S. C. G. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Karnofsky Score ◽  
Pneumococcal Bacteremia ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractTo evaluate the prognostic factors in adult cancer patients with pneumococcal bacteremia, describe episode features and the phenotypic characteristics of the isolated strains. We evaluated the episodes in patients admitted to a cancer hospital between 2009 and 2015. The outcomes were defined as 48 h mortality and mortality within 10 days after the episode. The variables evaluated were: age, sex, ethnicity, ECOG, Karnofsky score, SOFA, cancer type, metastasis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, neutropenia, previous antibiotic therapy, community or healthcare-acquired infection, comorbidities, smoking, pneumococcal vaccination, infection site, presence of fever, polymicrobial infection, antimicrobial susceptibility, serotype and treatment. 165 episodes were detected in 161 patients. The mean age was 61.3 years; solid tumors were the most prevalent (75%). 48 h and 10-day mortality were 21% (34/161) and 43% (70/161) respectively. The 48 h mortality- associated risk factors were SOFA and polymicrobial bacteremia; 10-day mortality-associated risk factors were fever, neutropenia, ECOG 3/4, SOFA and fluoroquinolones as a protective factor. Pneumococcal bacteremia presented high mortality in cancer patients, with prognosis related to intrinsic host factors and infection episodes features. Fluoroquinolone treatment, a protective factor in 10-day mortality, has potential use for IPDs and severe community-acquired pneumonia in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3413
Author(s):  
Erivânia Camelo de Almeida ◽  
Aderaldo Alexandrino Freitas ◽  
Késia Alcântara Queiroz Pontual ◽  
Marcília Maria Alves Souza ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Positive Animal

This study was conducted to characterize the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The state was divided into three regions, and in each region, approximately 300 properties were randomly sampled. From these selected properties, a pre-established number of animals were randomly selected and blood serum samples were obtained. A total of 3,901 animals were selected from 900 properties. For each selected property, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered to assess the type of farming, the animal husbandry practices and the sanitary practices that could be associated with the presence of brucellosis infection. The testing protocol consisted of screening the samples with a buffered acidified plate antigen test and retesting the positive samples with a complement fixation test (CF). One positive animal was enough to define an infected herd. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the state were 4.5% [3.2; 6.4%] and 1.4% [0.7; 2.7%], respectively. By region, the prevalence rates of infected herds and animals, respectively, were as follows: Zona da Mata, 3.3% [1.8; 6.1%] and 1.7% [0.5; 3.0%]; Agreste, 7.4% [4.9; 10.9%] and 1.9% [0.8; 3.0%]; and Sertão, 1.3% [0.5; 3.5%] and 0.7% [0.0; 1.6%]. Flooded pastures (OR = 2.86 [1.37; 6.42]) and the presence of 13 or more females in the herd (3rd quartile) (OR = 2.65 [1.19; 5.89]) were identified as risk factors. The existence of veterinary care emerged as a protective factor against bovine brucellosis in the state of Pernambuco (OR = 0.24 [0.10; 0.58]).

scholarly journals Toxocara infection: seroprevalence and associated risk factors among primary school children in central China

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Haoran Li ◽  
Zhijun Yao ◽  
Pengju Li ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Central China ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease that poses a threat to public health worldwide. In the present study, we investigated the seroprevalence of Toxocara infection among primary school children in Henan province, central China, which was previously unknown. Sera from 2451 primary school children were collected from September 2015 to October 2018, and evaluated for anti-Toxocara antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of Toxocara infection was 5.14% (126/2451). The main risk factors related to Toxocara infection identified in this study were the age of children, residence area of children, contact with cats or dogs, and exposure to soil. Hand washing before eating was considered to be a protective factor. These findings demonstrate that Toxocara infection is relatively common among primary school children in Henan province.

Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Torres ◽  
Adamantia Liapikou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Atypical Pathogens ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Refractory Septic Shock ◽  
Pneumococcal Bacteraemia ◽  
Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Reason For Admission ◽  
Selection Of

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) remains the most common infectious reason for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), reaching a mortality rate of 30–40%. The microbial pattern of the SCAP has changed with S. pneumoniae still the leading pathogen, but a decrease of atypical pathogens, especially Legionella and an increase of viral and polymicrobial pneumonias. IDSA/ATS issued guidelines on the management of CAP including specific criteria to identify patients for ICU admission with good predictive value. The first selection of antimicrobial therapy should be started early covering all likely pathogens, depending on the presence of the risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Combination therapy may be useful in patients with non-refractory septic shock and severe sepsis pneumococcal bacteraemia as well. The challenges include the emergence of new pathogens as community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, new influenza virus subtypes and the high prevalence of multidrug resistance, mainly from institutionalizing patients.

A Study on Socio Demographic and Associated Risk Factors for Cancer Patients in Private Cancer Hospital, Bangalore, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Krishnaveni ◽  
Rosmi Jose ◽  
SK Sumitha ◽  
Teena Johny ◽  
Shanmuga R Sundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) among Patients with Active Hematological Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1642-1642
Author(s):  
Aneel A. Ashrani ◽  
John A. Heit ◽  
Jeffrey A. Schmoll ◽  
Sara A. Farmer ◽  
Tanya M. Petterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Hematological Cancer ◽  
Stage Progression ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Abstract Background: Hematological cancer patients are at an increased risk for VTE (RR range = 12–32). However, whether VTE risk among such patients can be further stratified is uncertain. Objective: To test hematological cancer type, stage, stage progression and chemotherapy as potential risk factors for VTE among active hematological cancer patients after controlling for other previously-identified VTE risk factors. Methods: Using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, Mayo Clinic Master Diagnostic Index and Mayo Clinic Tumor Registry, we identified all Olmsted County, MN residents with active hematological cancer over the 28-year period, 1973–2000. From this prevalence cohort, we identified 86 patients with no prior VTE (controls) who were matched on age and date of hematological cancer diagnosis to 86 hematological cancer patients with incident VTE over the same time frame (cases). For all cases and controls, we reviewed the complete medical records in the community for baseline and hematological cancer-related characteristics. Hematological cancers were re-staged at the dates of the cancer and VTE diagnosis. We tested these characteristics as potential risk factors for VTE in active hematological cancer using conditional logistic regression. Results: In an initial multivariate analysis that included body mass index (BMI), hospitalization, and any infection or central venous catheter placement within 90 days prior to the VTE event, VTE was significantly associated with hospitalization (OR=6.70; p<0.001), and marginally associated with any infection (OR=2.18; p=0.09). After adjusting for the above variables, chemotherapy administered within the preceding 90 days was significantly associated with VTE (OR=4.25; p=0.02), while stage progression was marginally associated (OR=4.79; p=0.10). Compared to all other hematological cancer types, acute leukemia (OR=5.95; p=0.01) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (OR=2.61; p=0.01) were associated with VTE. However, after adjusting for BMI, hospitalization, any infection and central venous catheter, only non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was independently associated with VTE (OR=3.79, p=0.009), while acute leukemia was not (OR=2.66, p=0.35). Conclusions: Hematological cancer type (in particular, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and possibly acute leukemia), recent hospitalization, recent chemotherapy, and possibly stage progression and recent infection, are risk factors for VTE among patients with active hematological cancer.

Risk factors for myocarditis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors using real-world clinical data.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15100-e15100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prantesh Jain ◽  
Jahir Gutierrez Bugarin ◽  
Avirup Guha ◽  
Chhavi Jain ◽  
Tingke Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Real World ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Real World Data

e15100 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause unique, high-grade immune-related adverse events. Although rare, ICI related myocarditis has the highest fatality rate (~50%). Cardiovascular monitoring is not routinely performed in patients on ICI treatment, thus risk factors remain unknown. Characterizing rare but fatal cardiac toxicities requires integration of real-world data. Methods: U.S claims data (IBM MarketScan) of over 30 million commercially insured individuals was leveraged to identify 2,687,301 cancer patients between 2011-2018. Patients ≥18 years of age treated with ICIs (targeting CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and/or the PD1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab)/PDL1 (atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab) alone or in combination with ICI and/or chemotherapy were identified and followed until disenrollment. Myocarditis, comorbidities, and treatment details were identified using diagnosis and billing codes. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: 16,541 ICI treated cancer patients were included (median age 60; 58% male). Myocarditis was identified in 252 (1.5%) patients, majority (90%) ≥50 years old (median 63) with 12,040 person-years of follow up. 62% received anti-PD1 monotherapy, 12% anti-CTLA4, and 15% received combination treatment with other ICIs and/or chemotherapy. Most common cancer types were lung (48%), melanoma (25%), and renal cancer (14%). Cumulative incidence of myocarditis at 1 year was 2.06%; 95% CI (1.78-2.37), median onset of 80.5 days, 42% occurring within 60 days of treatment. By univariate analyses, age, cancer type, diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN), kidney, liver disease, atrial fibrillation (AF) were related to myocarditis. Risk was lower in patients who received anti-CTLA4 monotherapy (HR: 0.490; 95% CI: 0.26-0.92; p = 0.0251). On multivariable regression analyses only age, cancer type (renal, lung cancer), comorbidities DM and liver disease were significantly associated with myocarditis (Table). Conclusions: This is the largest real-world longitudinal study for ICI associated myocarditis showing higher than reported incidence and identifiable risk factors. [Table: see text]

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