scholarly journals Legume-rhizobium specificity effect on nodulation, biomass production and partitioning of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayou Bunkura Allito ◽  
Nana Ewusi-Mensah ◽  
Vincent Logah ◽  
Demelash Kefale Hunegnaw
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

AbstractGreenhouse and multi-location experiments were conducted for two consecutive years to investigate the effects of rhizobium on nodulation, biomass production and partitioning of faba bean. Split-plot in randomized complete block design was used for field experiments. Treatments consisted of six rhizobium strains and three faba bean varieties. Peat carrier-based inoculant of each strain was applied at the rate of 10 g kg−1 seed. Non-inoculated plants without N fertilizer and with N fertilizer served as –N and + N controls, respectively. Data on nodulation, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were collected and analyzed. Inoculation of rhizobium significantly increased nodulation of faba bean under greenhouse and field conditions. Location x strain x variety interaction had significant effects on nodulation, dry matter production and partitioning. Rhizobium inoculation increased nodulation, shoot and root dry weights of faba bean across locations. For example, inoculation with rhizobium strains NSFBR-15 and NSFBR-12 to variety Moti resulted in 206.9 and 99.3% shoot dry weight increase at Abala Gase and Hankomolicha, respectively and 133.3 and 70.7% root dry weight increase on the same variety at the same sites, respectively. Nodulation and biomass production depend on the compatibility between faba bean genotype and rhizobium strain and its interaction with soil bio-physical conditions.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF COWPEA TO INOCULATION WITH STRAINS OF Bradyrhizobium spp. AND TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Arlete Da Silva Bandeira ◽  
Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo ◽  
Ramon Correia de Vasconcelos ◽  
Adriana Dias Cardoso ◽  
Manoel Nelson De Castro Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

RESPOSTA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI A INOCULAÇÃO COM ESTIRPES DE BRADYRHIZOBIUM E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM CULTIVO PROTEGIDOA inoculação de sementes de feijão-caupi com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio atmosférico pode ser uma alternativa de manejo mais sustentável. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inoculação e doses de N sobre características do feijão-caupi, em cultivo protegido. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro fontes de N, caracterizadas por três estirpes (BR 3262, BR 3267 e BR 3299) e uma testemunha sem inoculação e sem N mineral, e quatro doses de adubação nitrogenada (0, 20, 40 e 60 kg ha-1). As características avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, massas secas da parte aérea, da raiz e de toda a planta, número de nódulos, massa seca de nódulos e eficiência relativa dos tratamentos. No tratamento inoculado com a estirpe BR 3267, a massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e de toda a planta aumentaram, com doses crescentes de N até 30 kg ha-1. Entretanto, a nodulação foi inibida, com o aumento da dose de N. A eficiência simbiótica da estirpe BR 3262 foi semelhante à da testemunha, sendo as demais inferiores, indicando que a população nativa de rizóbios, por si só, é capaz de suprir a demanda da planta.Palavras-chave: Bradyrhizobium; fixação biológica de nitrogênio; nutrição mineral; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ABSTRACT: Inoculating cowpea seeds with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria may be a more sustainable management alternative. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inoculation and N fertilizer rates on characteristics of cowpea grown in greenhouse. A randomized complete block design was used. Treatments were laid out in a 4 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of four N sources: three inoculant strains (BR 3262, BR 3267 and BR 3299) and a non-inoculated control without mineral N supply; and four N fertilizer rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1). The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, number of nodules, nodule dry weight, and relative efficiency of treatments. For the treatment inoculated with strain BR 3267, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight increased with increasing N rate up to 30 kg ha-1. However, nodulation was inhibited with increasing N rate. The symbiotic efficiency of strain 3262 was similar to that of the control and lower than the remaining strains, indicating that the indigenous population of rhizobia, by itself, is able to meet the plant’s N demand.Keywords: Bradyrhizobium; biological nitrogen fixation; mineral nutrition; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽  
YULIANTI YULIANTI ◽  
EVAYUSVITA RUSTAM ◽  
ICHSAN SUWANDHI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collar Diameter

Abstract. Sudrajat DJ, Yulianti, Danu, Rustam E, Suwandhi I. 2019. Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field. Biodiversitas 20: 1325-1332. Results of the provenance-progeny test in seedling and field test of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) at Parung Panjang, Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia are reported and discussed. Twelve provenances representing 105 families were tested in nursery and field using randomized complete block design. Seedling height, root collar diameter, sturdiness quotient, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and shoot-root ratio was measured at four months, while as the growth assessment was carried out on survival, height and stem diameter at the age of 2 and 4 years. The result showed that genetic variation was found to be higher among families within provenances than the variation among provenances for all parameters indicating the family effect had the highest contribution on the growth and survival. Based on family and provenance mean, most of the seedling parameters were significantly correlated with the others, but most of seedling parameters were not significantly correlated with plant growth at 2 and 4 years. The longitudinal cline was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and shoot-root ratio indicated that the white jabon seeding parameters in natural populations may have greater in humid (higher precipitation) than in drier locations. This was likely to suggest that the family or provenance selections based on seedling growth in the nursery may not be very effective because heritability of most growth variables is likely to be low.

scholarly journals Root Characteristics and Seed Yields of Cowpeas Grown with and without Added Nitrogen Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Judith L. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Input Sample

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma in 1993 and 1994. Cowpeas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] were grown using either noninoculated seed and 23 kg·ha–1 of preplant nitrogen (N) fertilizer (conventional) or Rhizobium-inoculated seed and no preplant N fertilizer (reduced input). Sample plants were excavated at first pod set and analyzed for nodulation and root morphology. Additional plants were harvested at the green-shell stage to determine seed yield and plant N concentration. Conventional and reduced input cowpeas did not differ in dry weight of root mass components, total root dry weight, shoot dry weight, shoot: root ratio, nodule distribution among root morphological components, total nodule fresh weight, plant N concentration, or green-shell seed yield. Most of the nodule fresh weight generally was associated with nodules on the basal and lateral roots. Results indicate that cowpea root characteristics are not necessarily altered by the presence or absence of added N fertilizer at a given location.

Physiological determinants of storage root yield in three cassava genotypes under different nitrogen supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PHUNTUPAN ◽  
P. BANTERNG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Root Dry Weight

SUMMARYPhysiological traits can be used to improve the efficiency of selecting suitable genotypes to grow under nitrogen (N) limitation. The objective of the current study was to investigate the relationship between physiological characteristics and storage root yield of three cassava genotypes under three rates of N fertilizer. The experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at farm fields in Thailand. A split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Three different rates of N fertilizer, i.e., 46·9, 90·0 and 133·2 kg N/ha and three cassava genotypes, Rayong 9, Rayong 11 and Kasetsart 50, were used. Kasetsart 50 had the highest mean performance for most crop traits. Growth rate of stem (SGR), storage root (SRGR) and crop (CGR) during 180–210 days after planting (DAP) and leaf area index (LAI) at 120 DAP were related to storage root dry weight for all three rates of N fertilizer. Storage root growth during 90–120 DAP, CGR during 180–210 DAP and specific leaf area (SLA) at 210 DAP contributed most to storage root dry weight of the three genotypes grown at 46·9 kg N/ha, while the combination of SRGR during 90–120 DAP, SRGR during 180–210 DAP, LAI at 210 DAP and SLA at 210 DAP was best for N fertilizer at 90·0 kg N/ha and the combination of leaf growth rate (LGR) during 180–210 DAP and LAI at 210 DAP was best for N fertilizer at 133·2 kg N/ha.

scholarly journals Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

scholarly journals Cekaman Garam NaCl danTeknik Aplikasi Azolla pada Tanaman Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Fitri Krismiratsih ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Slamerto Slamerto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

Efforts to increase production potential can be carried out by extensification in a less productive saline land. Salinity is a major problem in the growth of most plants. Azolla is a plant that is sensitive to salinity, but if it is applied well, it can grow optimally at high salinity levels. The purpose of this study is to obtain an azolla application technique that is effective in increasing the adaptation of rice plants to NaCl saline soil conditions. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the azolla application technique consisted of 3 levels: fresh azolla composted, fresh azolla immersed, and fresh azolla as a ground cover. The second factor was the levels of NaCl salt stress consisted of 4 levels: control DHL 0, 2, 4, and 8 dS m-1. The adaptation ability of rice plants based on variable plants height growth rate, number of tillers, strove dry weight, root dry weight, stomata density, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), age of flowering, number of paddy grain, and harvest index. The results showed how to test content up to 2 dS m-1 which increased rice growth especially the application of azolla composted. Increasing stress to 4 and 8 dS m-1showed bad effects on vegetative, physiology, and yields of rice components. The stronger of salt stress the higher all plants growth variables except the age of flowering that actually showed the acceleration of flowering. Application of composted azolla can increase the root dry weight and azolla as a ground cover can increase the numbers of paddy grains.   Keywords: azolla, NaCl, rice, stress

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals Isolation and Assessment of the Symbiotic Efficiency of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Nodulating Rhizobial Isolates from Eastern Hararghe Highlands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mekonnen ◽  
Ameha Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

This particular work was devoted to isolate and assess the symbiotic efficiency of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)-nodulating rhizobia isolate at few faba bean growing areas of the eastern Hararghe highlands of Ethiopia. Overall 50 rhizobia isolates were obtained from soil samples of three Woredas (districts) of the eastern Hararghe highlands using the host trap method. Out of these 50 isolates, 40 were presumptively identified as rhizobia. Among these 40 rhizobia isolates, only 31 were successful to nodulate faba bean, and authenticated as true faba bean nodulating rhizobia. Concerning the symbiotic efficiency, about 52%, 35%, and 13% of the rhizobial isolates were found to be highly effective, effective, and lowly-effective, respectively. The correlation data on the sand experiment displayed that nodule dry weight was associated positively and significantly (r = 0.494, p<0.05) with shoot dry weight while shoot dry weight was associated positively and significantly (r=0.41, p<0.05) with plant total nitrogen. Positive correlations were also observed concerning shoot dry weight and dry weight of nodules (r = 0.7, p<0.05) on unsterilized soil. Among the observed rhizobium isolates, EHHFR (4A, 6A) showed the highest symbiotic efficiency above 110%, tolerated NaCl concentration ranging from 2% to 6% and 2% to 8%, respectively, and a pH range of 4.5 to 8 and 5 to 8, respectively. Thus, based on their symbiotic efficiency at the greenhouse level and relative tolerance to extreme conditions these faba bean nodulating rhizobia isolates were recommended to be used as nominees for the future development of faba bean rhizobial inoculants after being tested on field conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of the Optimum Rate of N Fertilizers with Addition of Goat Manure for Production of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Devi Liana ◽  
Heni Purnamawati ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is one of the potential substitutes of soybean due to its similar nutritional content. This study aims to determine the optimum rate of N fertilizer for the production of cowpea, and to determine the effects of the interaction between N fertilizer rates and goat manure application on cowpea production. The experiment was organized in a split-plot with a complete randomized block design with three replications. The main plot was goat manure, i.e. 0 and 5 tons.ha-1; the sub-plot was nitrogen fertilizer with five rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the recommended rate), i.e. 0, 22.5, 45, 67.5, and 90 kg N.ha-1. Application of N fertilizer reduced the 100-seed weight and slightly reduced cowpea yield and yield components. Application of goat manure increased seed dry weight per plant, number of pods per plant, dry pod weight per plant, seed dry weight per m2, productivity, 100-seed weight, and the harvest index. There was no significant interaction between goat manure and different rates of nitrogen in affecting cowpea growth.

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on early plant growth in ryegrass (Lolium spp.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Eagling ◽  
RJ Sward ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Measurements were made on the effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on the early growth of four commercial cultivars of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) under two different temperatures (24�C and 16�C). At 24'C, BYDV infection was associated with reduced root dry weight (30-40%) in all cultivars; the effect of infection on shoot dry weight and leaf area was variable. At 16�C, the effect of BYDV infection was variable, being associated with increases in root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and leaf area in one cultivar (Grasslands Ariki) and decreases in another (Victorian). In two other cultivars, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and leaf area were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by infection with BYDV.At 24�C, the reductions in root dry weight associated with BYDV infection were not concomitant with reductions in the root relative growth rates. Up to at least 28 days after inoculation (46-50 days after germination) reductions in root dry weight were associated with both aphid-feeding damage and virus infection. Experiments with the cultivar Victorian, showed that shoot dry weight was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by feeding with viruliferous (BYDV) or non-viruliferous aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). At 16�C, changes in root and shoot dry weight were associated with changes in the root and shoot relative growth rates.

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