scholarly journals Signatures of white-matter microstructure degradation during aging and its association with cognitive status

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Coelho ◽  
Henrique M. Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Magalhães ◽  
Pedro Silva Moreira ◽  
Paulo Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPrevious studies have shown an association between cognitive decline and white matter integrity in aging. This led to the formulation of a “disconnection hypothesis” in the aging-brain, which states that the disruption in cortical network communication may explain the cognitive decline during aging. Although some longitudinal studies have already investigated the changes occurring in white matter microstructure, most focused on specific white matter tracts. Our study aims to characterize the longitudinal whole-brain signatures of white matter microstructural change during aging. Furthermore, we assessed the relationship between distinct longitudinal alterations in white matter integrity and cognition. White matter microstructural properties were estimated from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, and cognitive status characterized from extensive neurocognitive testing. The same individuals were evaluated at two timepoints, with a mean interval time of 52.8 months (SD = 7.24) between first and last assessment. Our results show that age is associated with a decline in cognitive performance and a degradation in white matter integrity. Additionally, significant associations were found between diffusion measures and different cognitive dimensions (memory, executive function and general cognition). Overall, these results suggest that age-related cognitive decline is related to white matter alterations, and thus give support to the “disconnected hypothesis” of the aging brain.

scholarly journals The role of arterial pulsatility and white matter microstructure in age-related cognitive decline.

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolly Todd ◽  
Michie Patricia ◽  
Bateman Grant ◽  
Fulham William ◽  
Cooper Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Zpráva o grantovém projektu Emoční kreativita a kognitivní deficity u seniorů

E-psychologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
Radek Trnka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Psychosocial Studies ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

This report summarizes the main outputs of the finished grant project „Emotional creativity and cognitive decline in the elderly“ (GA ČR 18–26094S), conducted at the Prague College of Psychosocial Studies between the years 2018 and 2020. The main goal of this project was to explore the relationship between emotional creativity, defined as a set of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to the originality of emotional experience, and age-related cognitive impairments in older adults. The results of this project showed that age and age-related cognitive decline influence how people creatively think about their own, as well as other peoples’, emotions. This project produced empirical evidence showing that cognitive decline reduces not only creativity in problem solving, but also reduces the creativity that is closely related to the emotional life of older people. More importantly, the published preliminary study on patients in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease also indicates that emotional creativity could become another diagnostic tool for unveiling the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly.

Impact of social network on cognitive performances and age-related cognitive decline across a 20-year follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralitsa Stoykova ◽  
Fanny Matharan ◽  
Jean-François Dartigues ◽  
Hélène Amieva
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Social Network Satisfaction ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between social network and cognitive decline, taking into account the potential bias of reverse causality.Methods: The study sample comprised 2055 elderly participants without dementia. We assessed baseline social functioning across four variables: size of social network, satisfaction with relationships, perception of being understood, and participation in social activities. A neuropsychological battery was proposed at baseline and repeated throughout follow-up. Linear mixed models were used to investigate the relationship between social network and baseline cognitive performances and cognitive decline during the 20-year follow-up.Results: When controlling for the reverse causality bias by excluding participants who developed dementia during the study follow-up and after adjusting for covariates, the results showed that better social functioning at baseline was associated with better initial performances in the Isaacs Set Test and the Wechsler Paired Associate Test. However, there was no significant association with further cognitive decline. By contrast, when the bias of reverse causality was not controlled for (i.e. no exclusion of participants who developed dementia), the association between social network and global cognitive decline measured by MMSE was found to be statistically significant.Conclusion: With the opportunity to exclude participants who developed dementia, and the particularly long follow-up of participants, we were able to investigate the relationship between social networks and age-related cognitive decline with a minimization of reverse causality bias. The results suggest that even though higher social functioning is concomitantly associated with better cognitive performances, it may not prevent subsequent decline.

scholarly journals The relationship between white matter microstructure and self-perceived cognitive decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 102794
Author(s):  
Derek B. Archer ◽  
Elizabeth E. Moore ◽  
Ujwala Pamidimukkala ◽  
Niranjana Shashikumar ◽  
Kimberly R. Pechman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Contribution of Epigenetic Inheritance Processes on Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease

Epigenomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Aina Bellver-Sanchis ◽  
Mercè Pallàs ◽  
Christian Griñán-Ferré
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

During the last years, epigenetic processes have emerged as important factors for many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These complex diseases seem to have a heritable component; however, genome-wide association studies failed to identify the genetic loci involved in the etiology. So, how can these changes be transmitted from one generation to the next? Answering this question would allow us to understand how the environment can affect human populations for multiple generations and explain the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. This review pays particular attention to the relationship among epigenetics, cognition, and neurodegeneration across generations, deepening the understanding of the relevance of heritability in neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight some recent examples of EI induced by experiences, focusing on their contribution of processes in learning and memory to point out new targets for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first describe the prominent role of epigenetic factors in memory processing. Then, we briefly discuss aspects of EI. Additionally, we summarize evidence of how epigenetic marks inherited by experience and/or environmental stimuli contribute to cognitive status offspring since better knowledge of EI can provide clues in the appearance and development of age-related cognitive decline and AD.

White matter damage on diffusion tensor imaging correlates with age-related cognitive decline

Neurology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Charlton ◽  
T. R. Barrick ◽  
D. J. McIntyre ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
M. O'Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Ageing and apoE change DHA homeostasis: relevance to age-related cognitive decline

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hennebelle ◽  
Mélanie Plourde ◽  
Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins ◽  
Christian-Alexandre Castellano ◽  
Pascale Barberger-Gateau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Epidemiological studies fairly convincingly suggest that higher intakes of fatty fish and n-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DHA in plasma is normally positively associated with DHA intake. However, despite being associated with lower fish and DHA intake, unexpectedly, plasma (or brain) DHA is frequently not lower in AD. This review will highlight some metabolic and physiological factors such as ageing and apoE polymorphism that influence DHA homeostasis. Compared with young adults, blood DHA is often slightly but significantly higher in older adults without any age-related cognitive decline. Higher plasma DHA in older adults could be a sign that their fish or DHA intake is higher. However, our supplementation and carbon-13 tracer studies also show that DHA metabolism, e.g. transit through the plasma, apparent retroconversion and β-oxidation, is altered in healthy older compared with healthy young adults. ApoE4 increases the risk of AD, possibly in part because it too changes DHA homeostasis. Therefore, independent of differences in fish intake, changing DHA homeostasis may tend to obscure the relationship between DHA intake and plasma DHA which, in turn, may contribute to making older adults more susceptible to cognitive decline despite older adults having similar or sometimes higher plasma DHA than in younger adults. In conclusion, recent development of new tools such as isotopically labelled DHA to study DHA metabolism in human subjects highlights some promising avenues to evaluate how and why DHA metabolism changes during ageing and AD.

scholarly journals The Interaction of Diet and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging and Cognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3574
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kaliszewska ◽  
Joseph Allison ◽  
Matteo Martini ◽  
Natalia Arias
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Aging is inevitable and it is one of the major contributors to cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline are still the object of extensive research. At the biological level, it is unknown how the aging brain is subjected to progressive oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which determine, among others, mitochondrial dysfunction. The link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment is becoming ever more clear by the presence of significant neurological disturbances in human mitochondrial diseases. Possibly, the most important lifestyle factor determining mitochondrial functioning is nutrition. Therefore, with the present work, we review the latest findings disclosing a link between nutrition, mitochondrial functioning and cognition, and pave new ways to counteract cognitive decline in late adulthood through diet.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Food Components on Cognitive Functions in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2804
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ozawa ◽  
Taiki Miyazawa ◽  
Teruo Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Population aging has recently been an important issue as the number of elderly people is growing worldwide every year, and the extension of social security costs is financially costly. The increase in the number of elderly people with cognitive decline is a serious problem related to the aging of populations. Therefore, it is necessary to consider not only physical care but also cognitive patterns in the future care of older adults. Since food contains a variety of bioactive substances, dietary patterns may help improve age-related cognitive decline. However, the relationship between cognitive function and individual food components remains ambiguous as no clear efficacy or mechanism has been confirmed. Against this background, this review summarizes previous reports on the biological process of cognitive decline in the elderly and the relationship between individual compounds in foods and cognitive function, as well as the role of individual components of food in cognitive function, in the following order: lipids, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Based on the research presented in this review, a proper diet that preserves cognitive function has the potential to improve age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Hopefully, this review will help to trigger the development of new foods and technologies that improve aging and cognitive functions and extend the healthy life span.

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