The effect of ABO blood group and antibody class on the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity of clinical outcomes

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 100 million cases and caused immense burdens on governments and healthcare systems worldwide. Since its emergence in December 2019, research has been focused on treating the infected, identifying those at risk and preventing spread. There is currently no known biological biomarker that predicts the risk of infection. Several studies emerged suggesting an association between ABO blood group and the risk of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we used retrospective observational data in Bahrain to investigate the association between ABO blood group and risk of infection, as well as susceptibility to severe ICU-requiring infection. We found a higher risk associated with blood group B, and a lower risk with blood group AB. No association was observed between blood group and the risk of a severe ICU-requiring infection. We extended the analysis to study the association by antibodies; anti-a (blood groups B and O) and anti-b (blood groups A and O). No association between antibodies and both risk of infection or susceptibility to severe infection was found. The current study, along with the variation in blood group association results, indicates that blood group may not be an ideal biomarker to predict risk of COVID-19 infection.

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The effect of ABO blood group and antibody class on the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity of clinical outcomes.

10.1101/2020.09.22.20199422 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marwa AlMadhi ◽

Abdulkarim Abdulrahman ◽

Abdulla AlAwadhi ◽

Ali Rabaan ◽

Manaf AlQahtani

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Healthcare Systems ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Antibody Class ◽

Group B ◽

Group Association

The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 22 million cases and caused immense burdens on governments and healthcare systems worldwide. Since its emergence in December 2019, research has been focused on ways to not only treat the infected but also identify those at risk and prevent spread. There is currently no known biological biomarker that can predict the risk of being infected. A growing set of studies have emerged that show an association between ABO blood group and the risk of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we used retrospective observational data in Bahrain to investigate the association between ABO blood group and risk of infection as well as susceptibility to a more severe ICU-requiring infection. We found that individuals with blood group B were at a higher risk of infection, while those with blood group AB were at a lower risk. No association was observed between blood group and the risk of a severe ICU-requiring COVID-19 infection. We extended the analysis to study the association by antibodies present; anti-a (blood groups B and O) and anti-b (blood groups A and O). Antibodies were not found to be associated with either risk of infection or susceptibility to severe infection. The current study, along with the variation in blood group association results, indicates that blood group may not be the most ideal biomarker to predict risk of COVID-19 infection.

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Association of ABO blood group with CAD in patients undergoing CAG in Cardiology Department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital

University Heart Journal ◽

10.3329/uhj.v10i2.26126 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 81-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Nazmul Hasan ◽

Abdul Wadud Chowdhury ◽

Lahani Md Tajul Islam ◽

Mohammad Safiuddin ◽

Mostashirul Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Medical College ◽

Cardiology Department ◽

Study Population ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Group B

There are many reports regarding association between ABO and Rhesus blood groups and coronary artery disease. This study has been designed to see the association of ABO blood group with coronary artery disease in patient who were admitted in Cardiology Department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and undergoing coronary angiography. A total of 680 patients were studied in this retrospective study. ABO blood group, gender and standard cardiovascular risk factors were determined. In our study 17.5% of the study population were female with mean age of 49.94±10.37 years and 82.5% were male with a mean age 49.68±10.45 years . Most of the patients belonged to blood group B (33.4%) .Our results demonstrated the prevalence of CAD in blood group B is much higher than other blood groups which is in contrast with other studies in few other countries including one study done on small groups of people in Bangladesh. Geographical distribution may explain the variation in results among countries.University Heart Journal Vol. 10, No. 2, July 2014; 81-84

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Prevalence of ABO and Rh blood groups and their association with Transfusion-Transmissible Infections (TTIs) among Blood Donors in Islamabad, Pakistan

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr.0304.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Yousaf Khan ◽

Farwa Sijjeel ◽

Ahmareen Khalid ◽

Rukhshan Khurshid ◽

Umm E Habiba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Infection ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

Group System ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Certain Rh positive blood groups showed a link between the ABO blood grouping and susceptibility to some infectious ailments. Study was carried out to find the association of ABO Blood Group System / Rh type with different viral infection. A retrospective observational study was carried in 7631 blood donors to find the association of ABO Blood Group System / Rh type with viral infection due to hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Syphilis. Data of the study indicateF that the highest incidence of blood group in blood donor was B followed by O, A and AB. The incidence of HBsAg +ve, HCV Ab +ve and infection of Syphilis was also highest in donor with blood group B followed by O, A and AB. Blood group A were more susceptible to HIV Ab +ve followed by blood group B, O and AB. The group B donors had the greatest risk of viral infection with HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis; followed by the groups O, A, and AB. Donors in group AB had the lowest incidence rate of all viral infection. The study revealed that blood group B is most prevalent among donors, followed by blood groups O, A, and AB. On the other side, the rate of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis infection was greatest among group B donors, followed by group O, group A, and group AB. Copyright(c) The Authors

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STUDY OF BLOOD GROUP ANALYSIS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH LYMPHOPENIA IN COVID 19 INFECTED CASES OUR EXPERIENCE IN TERITARY CARE HOSPITAL.

10.1101/2021.07.12.21258824 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Swarupa G Ravuri ◽

Swarupa Ravuri ◽

Saritha Cigiri ◽

Harika Kalangi ◽

Anunayi Jeshtadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Group Frequency ◽

Male Patients ◽

Gender Association ◽

Group B ◽

Blood Grouping

ABSTRACT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the distribution and frequencies of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups among confirmed cases of Covid19 infection .We also studied the relation between ABO blood group system and lymphopenia and studied the gender association in COVID19 patients. METHODES A hospital based retrospective study was conducted at Government Medical College Suryapet from1-8-2020 to 30-9-2020. A total of 200 Covid cases were included in the study who came to the hospital with the complaints of Fever, sore throat, body pains, cough, breathlessness, diarrhoea. Patients confirmed Covid infection were tested for blood grouping and RH typing by using forward blood grouping with the help of commercially available standared monoclonal antisera. CBP was processed in sysmax 5 part Haemotology analyzer. Blood group frequency was tested also assed the gender association , covid patients presents with lymphopenia the relation between the ABO blood group and lymphocyte count was determined. RESULTS: Males were more compared to the females .Middle aged group male patients were more commonly involved. Most predominant blood group was group B 79(39.5%), group O 78(39%),group A 37(18.5%), group AB 6(3%),most of them were 190 (95%)Rh positive, only 10 Rh negative (5%).To assess the Lymphopenia in our study we divided the absolute lymphocyte count into 5 groups. Group 1 cases are more 58 (29%), Group 2 91(45.5%), Group 3 30 (15%), Group 4 16(8%), Group 5 5(2.5%). CONCLUSION: Male patients with blood group B were more compared to other blood groups however more number of studies are necessary to confirm these findings in a larger sample and among individuals of different ethnicities. Keywords : ABO , BLOOD GROUPS, Rhesus(Rh) typing.

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The association of ABO blood group with the asymptomatic COVID-19 cases in India

10.1101/2021.04.01.21254681 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Prajjval Pratap Singh ◽

Abhishek K Srivastava ◽

Sudhir K Upadhyay ◽

Ashish Singh ◽

Pranav Gupta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Neutralising Antibodies ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽

First Time

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted several waves of infection in many countries worldwide. The large variations in case fatality ratio among different geographical regions suggests that the human susceptibility against this virus varies substantially. Several studies from different parts of the world showed a significant association of ABO blood group and COVID-19 susceptibility. It was shown that individuals with blood group O are at the lower risk of coronavirus infection. To establish the association of ABO blood group in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, we for the first time analysed SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies as well as blood groups among 509 random individuals from three major districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh region of India. . Interestingly, we found neutralising antibodies in significantly higher percentage of people with blood group AB (0.36) followed by B (0.31), A (0.22) and lowest in people with blood group O (0.11). This indicates that people with blood group AB are at comparatively higher risk of infection than other blood groups. Further, in line to previous reports we too observed that people with blood group O have significantly decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, among the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with blood group AB has highest, whilst blood group O has lowest risk of infection.

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Association Between ABO Blood Groups And Myocardial Infarction In Jodhpur City of India

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v7i1.11154 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Priyanka Garg ◽

Jayant Kumar ◽

Raghuveer Choudhary ◽

VK Chawla

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Blood Group ◽

Local Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group B

Background: Many reports have appeared in recent years showing an association between blood groups and Myocardial Infarction. Clinical studies have shown a significant association between MI and blood group B.Objective: To investigate correlation of ABO blood groups with risk of MI.Methods: The present cross sectional study analyzed ABO blood group among total 400 subjects of any age from the local population of Jodhpur city from July to December 2011.Among them 200 subjects were normal health (135 male and 65 female) students of Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur and another 200 (135 male, 65 female) were MI patients admitted in the CCU of Mathura Das Memorial (MDM) Hospital, Jodhpur. ABO blood group of all subjects were determined by slide agglutination method. Risk of MI was expressed by risk ratio. Data were analyzed by one sample chi square test.Results: The results obtained in this study showed that the prevalence of MI in blood group B is significantly higher than in all other ABO blood groups.Conclusion: The results may conclude that there is a significant association between MI and blood group B. So this study reveals MI risk is associated with the blood group B. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v7i1.11154 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2012, June; 7(1): 13-17

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ABO blood groups and hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e034114 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wenzhan Jing ◽

Siyu Zhao ◽

Jue Liu ◽

Min Liu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Blood Group ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

B Virus ◽

Group B

ObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Several studies have reported that ABO blood groups may be associated with HBV infection. However, its association is still controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether ABO blood groups were associated with HBV infection.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesRelevant studies available before 1 December 2019 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteriaAll cross-sectional or cohort studies from which the data of ABO blood group distribution and HBV infection could be extracted.Data extraction and synthesisStudies were identified and extracted by two reviewers independently. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were pooled by random-effect models to quantify this association.ResultsThirty-eight eligible articles including 241 868 HBV-infected subjects and 6 487 481 uninfected subjects were included. Overall, the risk of HBV infection had decreased by 8% in subjects with blood group B when compared with non-B blood group (RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98). In the subgroup analyses, the inverse relationship between blood group B and HBV infection remained stable in higher endemic areas (HBV prevalence ≥5%), Asian people, larger sample size studies (≥2000), general population and blood donors, lower middle income group and studies published before the year 2010. Additionally, subjects with blood group O had a 12% increased risk of HBV infection (RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) in higher endemic areas. In the sensitivity analysis, the pooled risk estimates of blood group B and HBV infection were still stable.ConclusionsOur data suggested that the blood group B was associated with a lower risk of HBV infection. More research is needed to clarify the precise role of the ABO blood group in HBV infection to address the global question of HBV infection.

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Variations of prothrombin time among ABO blood groups in healthy adults

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.3.0484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 429-435

Author(s):

Afrina Binte Azad ◽

Qazi Shamima Akhter ◽

Mohammad Aminul Islam ◽

Farzana Yeasmin Mukta ◽

Lily Afroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prothrombin Time ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Medical College ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Background and objectives: ABO blood group distribution defers with racial and geographic variations. They are related with diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cerebral thromboembolism. Prothrombin time may varies among ABO blood group system which may increase the future risk of thrombosis. The present study is to assess prothrombin time among ABO blood groups in healthy adults. Materials and methods: A prospective type of analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2019 to June 2020. After obtaining ethical clearance, a total 190 healthy adults were selected from different areas of Dhaka city based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with age ranging from 18-45 years. The subjects were interviewed and detailed history regarding personal, family, medical and drug were taken. Prior to sample collection, informed written consent was taken from the participants. Individuals of blood group A was selected as group A, blood group B as group B, blood group AB as group AB and blood group O as group O. Prothrombin time was measured in the Department of Hematology and BMT Unit, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Blood grouping was done in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka.For statistical analysis, One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test were considered using SPSS 25.0 version. Results: In this study, blood group B was most common (33.2%). Prothrombin time was lower in blood group A (12.93±0.30 sec), B (12.92±0.61 sec), AB (12.98±0.54 sec) than blood group O (13.08±0.39 sec) which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It can be concluded that blood group A, B, AB individuals may have more chance of thrombosis due to lower prothrombin time than blood group O individuals.

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ABO Blood Group: A Risk Factor for a Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in Morocco

10.46619/joh.2020.1-1004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 14-19

Author(s):

Serbout Saousan ◽

◽

Adnane Hind ◽

Maaroufi Anass ◽

Arous Salim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Observational Study ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Ischemic Disease ◽

Blood Group A ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

BACKGROUND The association between antigens A and B and cardiovascular disease is still unclear. Several reports have suggested an important involvement of the ABO blood group system in the susceptibility to thrombosis. Assessing that non-O blood groups in particular A blood group confer a higher risk of venous and arterial thrombosis than group O. Epidemiologic data are typically not available for all racial and ethnics groups. The purpose of this observational study was to identify a probable link between ABO blood group and ischemic and non-ischemic disease in subjects from the province of Casablanca, Morocco and to analyze whether A blood group individuals were at higher risk of ischemic disease or not. METHOD An observational study had been conducted from the beginning of 2017 until the end of 2019 in the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco. We recruited consecutive subjects (549 men and 544 woman) at our center between 2017 and 2019. We studied data on age, gender, past history of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, sedentarism, obesity, hyperlipidemia, use of estrogen-progestin contraceptives and blood group distribution. Their ABO blood groups were determined using standard agglutination techniques. In each blood group type, we evaluated the prevalence of ischemic and non-ischemic cardiovascular disease. RESULT Of the 1093 patients whose medical records were reviewed, 482 (44.1%) were carrying blood group A. Of the remaining 611 patients, 353 (32.3%) had blood group O, 212 (19.4%) blood group B, and 46 (4.3%) blood group AB. The diagnosis of ischemic disease (ID) was higher in patients with blood group O (63.3%) than in other blood groups, and the diagnosis of valvular disease was higher in patients with blood group A (48.7%) compared to other groups. In patients with blood group B or AB compared to non-B or non-AB, respectively there was no statistically significant difference in ID incidence. The incidence of ID in men was significantly higher in blood group O (63.2%, p = 0.015) compared with women, while there valvular disease was a statistically higher in women (54.5%, p = 0.035). This difference remains statistically significant after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Our study suggests an association between ABO blood group and Ischemic disease and non-ischemic disease in Moroccan population. In African countries, where most of health facilities are understaffed, more rigorous studies with a larger population are needed to give high level of evidence to confirm this association in order to establish the need to be more aggressive in risk factor control in these individuals.

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Distribution of ABO Blood Groups and Their Association With Low Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection in Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-139563/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Minfei Peng ◽

Shigao Huang ◽

Qingqing Lv ◽

Chaochao Chen ◽

Jiajia Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Abo Blood Group ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Blood Types ◽

And Gender ◽

Group Distribution

Abstract Background: To date, only few studies have focused on the correlation between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection risk, especially gender differences in infection risk. Our study aimed to describe the ABO blood group distribution and its association with risk of severe COVID-19 infection for effective identification of the susceptible population. Method：From January 21 to February 20, 2020, we compared the ABO blood group distribution and gender distribution and performed a correlation analysis in severe, non-severe, and non-COVID-19 patients. Results The results showed that the laboratory indices were significantly different between blood type O and non-blood-type-O COVID-19 patients. This indicated that patients of the type O blood group had a relatively lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection than patients of other blood types; in particular, females with blood type O had a lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection than males. Conclusion: Herein, we report a potentially simple prediction decision system to minimize the risk of severe COVID-19 infection based on blood type. Special attention should be paid to patients with blood types other than type O to minimize their risk of severe COVID-19 infection.

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