scholarly journals Recovering wasted nutrients from shrimp farming through the combined culture of polychaetes and halophytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jerónimo ◽  
Ana Isabel Lillebø ◽  
Javier Cremades ◽  
Paulo Cartaxana ◽  
Ricardo Calado
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Hediste Diversicolor ◽  
Arenicola Marina

AbstractThe bioremediation and biomass production of organic extractive organisms (polychaetes Arenicola marina, Hediste diversicolor and halophyte Salicornia ramosissima) was assessed in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) framework. Culture trials were performed outdoors using the nutient rich effluent from a shrimp farm employing recirculated aquaculture systems. Similar bioremediation efficiencies were obtained in cultures using a single polyculture tank (1 T) or two trophic levels separated tanks (2 T; ≈ 0.3 and 0.6 m2 operational area, respectively), with a reduction of 74–87% for particulate organic matter (POM), 56–64% for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and 60–65% for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). Hediste diversicolor adapted well to culture conditions, reaching densities up to 5.000 ind. m−2 (≈ 78–98 g m−2). Arenicola marina failed to cope with water temperature that exceeded the species thermal limits, displaying a survival < 10% (20 °C often pointed as the maximum thermal threshold for this species). Productivity of S. ramosissima with 1 T was about twice that obtained with 2 T (≈ 150–170 and ≈ 60–90 g FW m−2 edible aboveground biomass, respectively). The yellowish coloration of cultured plants was likely due to the chemical oxidation and rapid sand filtration pre-treatment applied to the brackish groundwater used in the aquaculture facility, that removed iron (and probably other essential elements). Overall, 1 T design combining H. diversicolor and S. ramosissima displayed the best bioremediation performance and biomass production, while also allowing reducing in half the operational area required to implement this IMTA framework.

Relationships Between Soluble and Sediment Nutrient Losses, Land Use and Types of Soil in Agricultural Watersheds

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
A.F. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Abstract Seven agricultural watersheds in southwestern Quebec and southeastern Ontario, ranging in area from 2,000 to 20,000 hectares, were monitored systematically during 1973–75 for soluble inorganic nitrogen, total soluble phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfate-sulfur, chemical oxidation demand, discharge, suspended sediment concentration, sediment Kjeldahl nitrogen, Bray extractable phosphorus, and ammonium acetate extractable calcium, magnesium and potassium. For 1974–75, annual Kg/ha, loss rates were calculated for the soluble and sediment associated nutrients. Losses varied with nutrient and watershed, with volume of runoff being an important control of nutrient loss variation. Significant amounts of SO4−S in precipitation were suggested by an average watershed soluble N:P:S loss ratio of 10:1:92. Sediment nutrient losses were especially important for N and P, comprising over 40% of their total loss. The importance of spring snow-melt runoff was demonstrated by the high proportion of all nutrients lost at this time. Correlations of nutrient loss, land use and soils suggested that certain land uses resulted in increased stream nutrient losses while increased watershed area of soils with a high surface runoff potential was particularly conducive to increased soluble nutrient and sediment losses.

scholarly journals Isolation and Optimization of Culture Conditions of Thraustochytrium kinnei for Biomass Production, Nanoparticle Synthesis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Kaliyamoorthy Kalidasan ◽  
Nabikhan Asmathunisha ◽  
Venugopal Gomathi ◽  
Laurent Dufossé ◽  
Kandasamy Kathiresan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Optimization Of Culture Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

This work deals with the identification of a predominant thraustochytrid strain, the optimization of culture conditions, the synthesis of nanoparticles, and the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in biomass extracts and nanoparticles. Thraustochytrium kinnei was identified as a predominant strain from decomposing mangrove leaves, and its culture conditions were optimized for maximum biomass production of 13.53 g·L−1, with total lipids of 41.33% and DHA of 39.16% of total fatty acids. Furthermore, the strain was shown to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles in the size ranges of 10–85 nm and 5–90 nm, respectively. Silver nanoparticles exhibited higher total antioxidant and DPPH activities than gold nanoparticles and methanol extract of the strain. The silver nanoparticles showed higher antimicrobial activity than gold nanoparticles and petroleum ether extract of the strain. Thus, Thraustochytrium kinnei is proven to be promising for synthesis of silver nanoparticles with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

Comparison of biomass production and total lipid content of freshwater green microalgae cultivated under various culture conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun Ho Gim ◽  
Jung Kon Kim ◽  
Hyeon Seok Kim ◽  
Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan ◽  
Hetong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Green Microalgae

scholarly journals TESTING OF CHLORELLA/SCENEDESMUS MICROALGAE CONSORTIA FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER, CO₂ MITIGATION AND ALGAE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY FOR LIPID PRODUCTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Koreivienė ◽  
Robertas Valčiukas ◽  
Jūratė Karosienė ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Algae Biomass

Industry, transport and unsustainable agriculture result in the increased quantity of wastewater, release of nutrients and emission of carbon dioxide that promotes eutrophication of water bodies and global climate change. the application of microalgae for phycoremediation, their biomass use for human needs may increase sustainability and have a positive effect on the regional development. The experiments were carried out in order to establish the feasibility of treating the local municipal wastewater with microalgae consortia and their biomass potential for biofuel production. The results revealed that Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium eliminated up to 99.7–99.9% of inorganic phosphorus and up to 88.6–96.4% of inorganic nitrogen from the wastewater within three weeks. The ammonium removal was more efficient than that of nitrate. Chlorella algae grew better in diluted, while Scenedesmus – in the concentrated wastewater. The consortium treated wastewater more efficiently than a single species. The maximum biomass (3.04 g/L) of algal consortium was estimated in concentrated wastewater. Algae accumulated 0.65–1.37 g of CO2/L per day in their biomass. Tus, Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium is a promising tool for nutrients elimination from the local wastewater under the climatic conditions specific to Lithuania. However, none of the two species were able to accumulate lipids under the nitrogen starvation conditions.

scholarly journals Studies on the production of glucose isomerase by Bacillus licheniformis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogbonnaya Nwokoro
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Glucose Isomerase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Productivity ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Optimum Ph

Abstract This work reports the effects of some culture conditions on the production of glucose isomerase by Bacillus licheniformis. The bacterium was selected based on the release of 3.62 mg/mL fructose from the fermentation of glucose. Enzyme was produced using a variety of carbon substrates but the highest enzyme activity was detected in a medium containing 0.5% xylose and 1% glycerol (specific activity = 6.88 U/mg protein). Media containing only xylose or glucose gave lower enzyme productivies (specific activities= 4.60 and 2.35 U/mg protein respectively). The effects of nitrogen substrates on glucose isomerase production showed that yeast extract supported maximum enzyme activity (specific activity = 5.24 U/mg protein). Lowest enzyme activity was observed with sodium trioxonitrate (specific activity = 2.44 U/mg protein). In general, organic nitrogen substrates supported higher enzyme productivity than inorganic nitrogen substrates. Best enzyme activity was observed in the presence of Mg2+ (specific activity = 6.85 U/mg protein) while Hg2+ was inhibitory (specific activity = 1.02 U/mg protein). The optimum pH for best enzyme activity was 6.0 while optimum temperature for enzyme production was 50ºC.

scholarly journals Outdoor Large-Scale Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalga Coccomyxa onubensis in a Vertical Close Photobioreactor for Lutein Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Luis Fuentes ◽  
Zaida Montero ◽  
María Cuaresma ◽  
Mari-Carmen Ruiz-Domínguez ◽  
Benito Mogedas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Lutein Content ◽  
Acidic Waters ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Lutein Production

The large-scale biomass production is an essential step in the biotechnological applications of microalgae. Coccomyxa onubensis is an acidophilic microalga isolated from the highly acidic waters of Río Tinto (province of Huelva, Spain) and has been shown to accumulate a high concentration of lutein (9.7 mg g−1dw), a valuable antioxidant, when grown at laboratory-scale. A productivity of 0.14 g L−1 d−1 was obtained by growing the microalga under outdoor conditions in an 800 L tubular photobioreactor. The results show a stable biomass production for at least one month and with a lutein content of 10 mg g−1dw, at pH values in the range 2.5–3.0 and temperature in the range 10–25 °C. Culture density, temperature, and CO2 availability in highly acidic medium are rate-limiting conditions for the microalgal growth. These aspects are discussed in this paper in order to improve the outdoor culture conditions for competitive applications of C. onubensis.

scholarly journals Biomass production by Arthrospira platensis under different culture conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Fernandes Pepe da Silva de Castro ◽  
Roberta Ferreira Rizzo ◽  
Thaís Souza Passos ◽  
Beatriz Nascimento Corrêa dos Santos ◽  
Daiana da Silva Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Culture Conditions

Optical Properties, Suspended Sediments, and Chemistry Associated with the Turbidity Maxima of the Delaware Estuary

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S1) ◽  
pp. s172-s179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Biggs ◽  
Jonathan H. Sharp ◽  
Thomas M. Church ◽  
John M. Tramontano
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Turbidity Maximum ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Delaware Estuary ◽  
High Concentrations

Two turbidity maxima were found in the Delaware Estuary and were distinct both in terms of optical properties of the water and in quantity of suspended material. The upstream maximum occurred at about 1‰ salinity. Both the diffuse attenuation coefficient (KD) and the beam attenuation coefficient (α) responded to the double turbidity maxima. The upstream maximum contains a larger number of individual mineral grains with a mean diameter of about 3 μm; the downstream maximum, which occurred at salinities of 7.5–10‰, was dominated by composite particles with a mean size of 12 μm; at salinities > 10‰, the suspended sediment population was dominated by large (10–20 μm) individual particles with few composite particles.Nutrients, productivity, particulate organic matter, and dissolved and particulate metals all showed relationships to the turbidity maxima when viewed on salinity and on geographic axes. An excess of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in relation to dissolved inorganic phosphorus was mirrored by exceptionally low particulate C/P ratios in the region of the turbidity maxima. Primary productivity appeared to be greatly reduced in the region of the downstream turbidity maximum.The trace metals Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, Co, and Ni showed a general association with particulate phases at lowest salinities, at the upstream turbidity maximum. The more particle reactive metals (Fe, Mn, and Co) reflected this as enrichment relative to particulate aluminum. At the downstream turbidity maximum, in the mid-salinity range, the trace metals showed a minimum relative to Al, probably due to dilution by resuspended bottom sediments. In the lower estuary, the trace metals exhibited the highest enrichment (relative to aluminum) and an association with high concentrations of particulate carbon.Key words: Delaware Estuary, turbidity maxima, optical properties, suspended sediments, chemistry

scholarly journals Deterioration in the water quality of an urbanised estuary with recommendations for improvement

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1 January) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adams JB ◽  
L Pretorius ◽  
GC Snow
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Water Quality Data

Water quality characteristics of the heavily urbanised and industrialised Swartkops River and Estuary in the Eastern Cape have been the focus of several studies since the 1970s. Overloaded and poorly maintained wastewater treatment works (WWTWs), polluted stormwater runoff and solid waste have all contributed to the deterioration in the water quality of the river and estuary. The objective of this study was to determine the current water quality status of the Swartkops Estuary, by investigating spatial and temporal variability in physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton biomass and where possiblerelate this to historical water quality data. The present study found evidence suggesting that water is not flushed as efficiently from the upper reaches of the estuary as was previously recorded. Reduced vertical mixing results in strong stratification and persistent eutrophic conditions with phytoplankton blooms (> 20 μg chl a·L−1), extending from the middle reaches to the tidal head of the estuary. The Motherwell Canal was and still is a major source of nitrogen (particularly ammonium) to the estuary, but the Swartkops River is the primary source of phosphorus with excessive inputs from the cumulative effectof three WWTWs upstream. An analysis of historical water quality data in the Swartkops Estuary (1995 to 2013) shows that all recorded dissolved inorganic phosphorus measurements were classified as hypertrophic (> 0.1 mg P·L−1), whereas 41% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen measurements were either mesotrophic or eutrophic. If nutrient removal methods at the three WWTWs were improved and urban runoff into the Motherwell Canal better managed, it is likely that persistent phytoplankton blooms and health risks associated with eutrophication could be reduced.

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