scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of the tea plant bHLH transcription factor family and discovery of candidate regulators of trichome formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renjian Liu ◽  
Yuyuan Wang ◽  
Song Tang ◽  
Jiarong Cai ◽  
Shaoqun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors

AbstractLeaf trichomes play vital roles in plant resistance and the quality of tea. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating plant development and growth. In this study, a total of 134 CsbHLH proteins were identified in the Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS) genome. They were divided into 17 subgroups according to the Arabidopsis thaliana classification. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that members of subgroups IIIc-I and IIIc-II might be associated with trichome formation. The expression patterns of CsbHLH116, CsbHLH133, CsbHLH060, CsbHLH028, CsbHLH024, CsbHLH112 and CsbHLH053 from clusters 1, 3 and 5 were similar to the trichome distribution in tea plants. CsbHLH024 and CsbHLH133 were located in the cell nucleus and possessed transcriptional activation ability. They could interact with CsTTG1, which is a regulator of tea trichome formation. This study provides useful information for further research on the function of CsbHLHs in trichome formation.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Tea Plant bHLH Transcription Factor Family and Discovery of Candidate Regulator for Trichome Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renjian Liu ◽  
Yuyuan Wang ◽  
Song Tang ◽  
Jiarong Cai ◽  
Shaoqun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors

Abstract Leaf trichomes play vital roles in plant resistance and tea quality. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in regulating plant development and growth. However, it is poorly understood whether bHLH TFs are associated with trichome formation in tea plant. In this study, a total of 134 CsbHLH proteins were identified in the Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS) genome. All identified proteins were divided into 19 subgroups according to the Arabidopsis thaliana classification. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the members of group IIIc-I and group IIIc-II might be associated with trichome formation. Expression analysis showed that the candidate genes associated with trichome formation in tea plant were primarily located in cluster 1, cluster 3 and cluster 5. The expression patterns of CsbHLH116, CsbHLH133, CsbHLH060, CsbHLH028, CsbHLH024, CsbHLH112 and CsbHLH053 from these clusters were similar to the trichome distribution in tea plants. Notably, CsbHLH024 and CsbHLH133 were highly expressed in the young tissues of different cultivars. CsbHLH024 and CsbHLH133 possessed transcriptional activation ability and could interact with CsTTG1, a regulator of tea trichome formation. This study provides useful information for further research on the function of CsbHLHs in the regulation of trichome formation.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Direct Targets of the TTG1–bHLH–MYB Complex in Regulating Trichome Formation and Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis Thaliana

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelou Wei ◽  
Yalong Cheng ◽  
Chenchen Zhou ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Trichome Formation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors ◽  
Mbw Complex ◽  
Flavonoid Accumulation

Extensive studies have shown that the MBW complex consisting of three kinds of regulatory proteins, MYB and basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors and a WD40 repeat protein, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), acts in concert to promote trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. TTG1 functions as an essential activator in these two biological processes. However, direct downstream targets of the TTG1-dependent MBW complex have not yet been obtained in the two biological processes at the genome-wide level in A. thaliana. In the present study, we found, through RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analysis, that a great number of regulatory and structural genes involved in both trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation are significantly downregulated in the young shoots and expanding true leaves of ttg1-13 plants. Post-translational activation of a TTG1-glucocorticoid receptor fusion protein and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that these downregulated genes are directly or indirectly targeted by the TTG1-dependent MBW complex in vivo during trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation. These findings further extend our understanding of the role of TTG1-dependent MBW complex in the regulation of trichome formation and flavonoid accumulation in A. thaliana.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization and Analysis of bHLH Transcription Factors Related to Crocin Biosynthesis in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ya Tian ◽  
Xiangdong Pu ◽  
Haoying Yu ◽  
Aijia Ji ◽  
Ranran Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Promoter Sequences ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Gardenia Jasminoides ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factors

Crocins, enriched in Gardenia jasminoides fruits, have a pharmacological activity against central nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer cell growth. The biosynthesis of crocins has been widely explored, but its regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors related to crocin biosynthesis were systematically identified on the basis of the genome of G. jasminoides. A total of 95 GjbHLH transcription factor genes were identified, and their phylogenetic analysis indicated that they could be classified into 23 subfamilies. The combination of gene-specific bHLH expression patterns, the coexpression analysis of biosynthesis genes, and the analysis of promoter sequences in crocin biosynthesis pathways suggested that nine bHLHs in G. jasminoides might negatively regulate crocin biosynthesis. This study laid a foundation for understanding the regulatory mechanism of crocin biosynthesis and the improvement and breeding of G. jasminoides varieties.

scholarly journals Functional Analyses of Flavonol Synthase Genes From Camellia sinensis Reveal Their Roles in Anther Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Shi ◽  
Xiaolan Jiang ◽  
Linbo Chen ◽  
Wei-Wei Li ◽  
Sanyan Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Functional Analyses

Flavonoids, including flavonol derivatives, are the main astringent compounds of tea and are beneficial to human health. Many researches have been conducted to comprehensively identify and characterize the phenolic compounds in the tea plant. However, the biological function of tea flavonoids is not yet understood, especially those accumulated in floral organs. In this study, the metabolic characteristics of phenolic compounds in different developmental stages of flower buds and various parts of the tea flower were investigated by using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed varying accumulation patterns of different phenolic polyphenol compounds during flowering; moreover, the content of flavonol compounds gradually increased as the flowers opened. Petals and stamens were the main sites of flavone and flavonol accumulation. Compared with those of fertile flowers, the content of certain flavonols, such as kaempferol derivatives, in anthers of hybrid sterile flowers was significantly low. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different expression patterns of genes in the same gene family in tea flowers. The CsFLSb gene was significantly increased during flowering and was highly expressed in anthers. Compared with fertile flowers, CsFLSb was significantly downregulated in sterile flowers. Further functional verification of the three CsFLS genes indicated that CsFLSb caused an increase in flavonol content in transgenic tobacco flowers and that CsFLSa acted in leaves. Taken together, this study highlighted the metabolic properties of phenolic compounds in tea flowers and determined how the three CsFLS genes have different functions in the vegetative and reproductive organs of tea plants. Furthermore, CsFLSb could regulated flavonol biosynthesis in tea flowers, thus influencing fertility. This research is of great significance for balancing the reproductive growth and vegetative growth of tea plants.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of Basic Helix–Loop–Helix Superfamily Members Reveals Organization and Chilling-Responsive Patterns in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Shan ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Yu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix

Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) family is commonly found in eukaryotes, which is one of the largest families of regulator proteins. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive analysis of the bHLH family has not been reported in Brassica oleracea. In this study, we systematically describe the BobHLHs in the phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns in different organs/tissues, and in response to chilling stress, and gene and protein characteristics. A total of 234 BobHLH genes were identified in the B. oleracea genome and were further clustered into twenty-three subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analyses. A large number of BobHLH genes were unevenly located on nine chromosomes of B. oleracea. Analysis of RNA-Seq expression profiles revealed that 21 BobHLH genes exhibited organ/tissue-specific expression. Additionally, the expression of six BobHLHs (BobHLH003, -048, -059, -093, -109, and -148) were significantly down-regulated in chilling-sensitive cabbage (CS-D9) and chilling-tolerant cabbage (CT-923). At 24h chilling stress, BobHLH054 was significantly down-regulated and up-regulated in chilling-treated CS-D9 and CT-923. Conserved motif characterization and exon/intron structural patterns showed that BobHLH genes had similar structures in the same subfamily. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of BobHLH genes and reveals several candidate genes involved in chilling tolerance of B. oleracea, which may be helpful to clarify the roles of bHLH family members and understand the regulatory mechanisms of BobHLH genes in response to the chilling stress of cabbage.

scholarly journals Low Caffeine Content in Novel Grafted Tea with Camellia sinensis as Scions and Camellia oleifera as Stocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Deng ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Chen-Chen Gu ◽  
Da-Xiang Li ◽  
Lin-Long Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Caffeine Content ◽  
Caffeine Synthase ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Tea Plants

Caffeine, a purine alkaloid, is a major secondary metabolite in tea leaves. The demand for low caffeine tea is increasing in recent years, especially for health reasons. We report a novel grafted tea material with low caffeine content. The grafted tea plant had Camellia sinensis as scions and C. oleifera as stocks. The content of purine alkaloids was determined in the leaves of one-year-old grafted tea plants by HPLC. We also characterized caffeine synthase (CS), a key enzyme involved in caffeine biosynthesis in tea plants, at the expression level. The expression patterns of CS were examined in grafted and control leaves by Western blot, using a self-prepared polyclonal antibody with high specificity and sensitivity. The expression of related genes ( TCS1, tea caffeine synthase gene, GenBank accession No. AB031280; sAMS, SAM synthetase gene, AJ277206; TIDH, IMP dehydrogenase gene, EU106658) in the caffeine biosynthetic pathway was investigated by qRT-PCR. HPLC showed that the caffeine content was only 38% as compared with the non-grafted tea leaves. Immunoblotting analysis showed that CS protein decreased by half in the leaves of grafted tea plants. qRT-PCR revealed no significant changes in the expression of two genes in the upstream pathway ( sAMS and TIDH), while the expression of TCS1 was greatly decreased (50%). Taken together, these data revealed that the low caffeine content in the grafted tea leaves is due to low TCS1 expression and CS protein accumulation.

scholarly journals NeuroD2 and neuroD3: distinct expression patterns and transcriptional activation potentials within the neuroD gene family.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 5792-5800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCormick ◽  
R M Tamimi ◽  
L Snider ◽  
A Asakura ◽  
D Bergstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Predicted Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Related Family ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Bhlh Proteins ◽  
High Degree

We have identified two new genes, neuroD2 and neuroD3, on the basis of their similarity to the neurogenic basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene neuroD. The predicted amino acid sequence of neuroD2 shows a high degree of homology to neuroD and MATH-2/NEX-1 in the bHLH region, whereas neuroD3 is a more distantly related family member. neuroD3 is expressed transiently during embryonic development, with the highest levels of expression between days 10 and 12. neuroD2 is initially expressed at embryonic day 11, with persistent expression in the adult nervous system. In situ and Northern (RNA) analyses demonstrate that different regions of the adult nervous system have different relative amounts of neuroD and neuroD2 RNA. Similar to neuroD, expression of neuroD2 in developing Xenopus laevis embryos results in ectopic neurogenesis, indicating that neuroD2 mediates neuronal differentiation. Transfection of vectors expressing neuroD and neuroD2 into P19 cells shows that both can activate expression through simple E-box-driven reporter constructs and can activate a reporter driven by the neuroD2 promoter region, but the GAP-43 promoter is preferentially activated by neuroD2. The noncongruent expression pattern and target gene specificity of these highly related neurogenic bHLH proteins make them candidates for conferring specific aspects of the neuronal phenotype.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of tea plant autophagy-related genes (CsARGs) demonstrates that they play diverse roles during development and under abiotic stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
ZhaoTang Ding ◽  
Mengjie Gou ◽  
Jianhui Hu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background: Autophagy, meaning ‘self-eating’, is required for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents under stressful and non-stressful conditions, which helps to maintain cellular homeostasis and delay aging and longevity in eukaryotes. To date, the functions of autophagy have been heavily studied in yeast, mammals and model plants, but few studies have focused on economically important crops, especially tea plants (Camellia sinensis). The roles played by autophagy in coping with various environmental stimuli have not been fully elucidated to date. Therefore, investigating the functions of autophagy-related genes in tea plants may help to elucidate the mechanism governing autophagy in response to stresses in woody plants.Results: In this study, we identified 35 C. sinensis autophagy-related genes (CsARGs). Each CsARG is highly conserved with its homologues from other plant species, except for CsATG14. Tissue-specific expression analysis demonstrated that the abundances of CsARGs varied across different tissues, but CsATG8c/i showed a degree of tissue specificity. Under hormone and abiotic stress conditions, most CsARGs were upregulated at different time points during the treatment. In addition, the expression levels of 10 CsARGs were higher in the cold-resistant cultivar ‘Longjing43’ than in the cold-susceptible cultivar ‘Damianbai’ during the CA period; however, the expression of CsATG101 showed the opposite tendency.Conclusions: We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic and physiological analysis of CsARGs in tea plants, and these results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy in tea plant growth, development and response to stress. Meanwhile, some CsARGs could serve as putative molecular markers for the breeding of cold-resistant tea plants in future research.

scholarly journals Identification and Analysis of the AP2 Subfamily Transcription Factors in the Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13568
Author(s):  
Zhengfu Yang ◽  
Hongmiao Jin ◽  
Junhao Chen ◽  
Caiyun Li ◽  
Jiani Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Similar Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Wide Search ◽  
Ethylene Responsive Factor

The AP2 transcriptional factors (TFs) belong to the APETALA2/ ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily and regulate various biological processes of plant growth and development, as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, genome-wide research on the AP2 subfamily TFs in the pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is rarely reported. In this paper, we identify 30 AP2 subfamily genes from pecans through a genome-wide search, and they were unevenly distributed on the pecan chromosomes. Then, a phylogenetic tree, gene structure and conserved motifs were further analyzed. The 30 AP2 genes were divided into euAP2, euANT and basalANT three clades. Moreover, the cis-acting elements analysis showed many light responsive elements, plant hormone-responsive elements and abiotic stress responsive elements are found in CiAP2 promoters. Furthermore, a qPCR analysis showed that genes clustered together usually shared similar expression patterns in euAP2 and basalANT clades, while the expression pattern in the euANT clade varied greatly. In developing pecan fruits, CiAP2-5, CiANT1 and CiANT2 shared similar expression patterns, and their expression levels decreased with fruit development. CiANT5 displayed the highest expression levels in developing fruits. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activity assay demonstrated that CiANT5 is located in the nucleus and functions as a transcription factor with transcriptional activation activity. These results help to comprehensively understand the pecan AP2 subfamily TFs and lay the foundation for further functional research on pecan AP2 family genes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document