scholarly journals Insulin resistance is linked to a specific profile of immune activation in human subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Cezar ◽  
Delphine Desigaud ◽  
Manuela Pastore ◽  
Lucy Kundura ◽  
Anne-Marie Dupuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Activation Profile ◽  
Screening And Prevention ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
T Cell Senescence

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that a particular immune activation profile might be correlated with insulin resistance in a general population. By measuring 43 markers of immune, endothelial, and coagulation activation, we have previously shown that five different immune activation profiles may be distinguished in 150 volunteers. One of these profiles, Profile 2, characterized by CD4+ T cell senescence, inflammation, monocyte, B cell, and endothelial activation, presented elevated insulinemia, glycemia, triglyceridemia, and γ-glutamyl transferase, a marker of liver injury, in comparison with other profiles. Our data are compatible with a model in which a particular immune activation profile might favor the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In this hypothesis, identification of this profile, that is feasible with only 3 markers with an error rate of 5%, might allow to personalize the screening and prevention of metabolic syndrome-driven morbidities as liver steatosis.

scholarly journals Ezetimibe improves liver steatosis and insulin resistance in obese rat model of metabolic syndrome

FEBS Letters ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 581 (29) ◽  
pp. 5664-5670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiyo Deushi ◽  
Mitsunori Nomura ◽  
Akio Kawakami ◽  
Mihoko Haraguchi ◽  
Mizuho Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Liver Steatosis

Low doses of cocoa extract supplementation ameliorate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4811-4822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Aranaz ◽  
Ana Romo-Hualde ◽  
David Navarro-Herrera ◽  
María Zabala ◽  
Miguel López-Yoldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Supplementation with low doses of a cocoa extract induces metabolic benefits in the prevention of metabolic syndrome in rats, reducing body-weight gain, visceral adiposity and liver steatosis and improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.

scholarly journals Depletion of CD40 on CD11c+ cells worsens the metabolic syndrome and ameliorates hepatic inflammation during NASH

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Aarts ◽  
Myrthe Reiche ◽  
Myrthe den Toom ◽  
Marion Gijbels ◽  
Linda Beckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract The co-stimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad plays a central role in fine-tuning immune reactions, including obesity-induced inflammation. Genetic ablation of CD40L reduced adipose tissue inflammation, while absence of CD40 resulted in aggravated metabolic dysfunction in mice. During obesity, CD40 expressing CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages accumulate in adipose tissue and liver. We investigated the role of CD40+CD11c+ cells in the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). DC-CD40-ko mice (CD40fl/flCD11ccre) mice were subjected to obesity or NASH. Obesity and insulin resistance were induced by feeding mice a 54% high fat diet (HFD). NASH was induced by feeding mice a diet containing 40% fat, 20% fructose and 2% cholesterol. CD40fl/flCD11ccre mice fed a HFD displayed increased weight gain, increased adipocyte size, and worsened insulin resistance. Moreover, CD40fl/flCD11ccre mice had higher plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels and developed profound liver steatosis. Overall, regulatory T cell numbers were decreased in these mice. In NASH, absence of CD40 on CD11c+ cells slightly decreased liver inflammation but did not affect liver lipid accumulation. Our experiments suggest that CD40 expressing CD11c+ cells can act as a double-edged sword: CD40 expressing CD11c+ cells contribute to liver inflammation during NASH but are protective against the metabolic syndrome via induction of regulatory T cells.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SERUM γ-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND INSULIN LEVELS IN THE PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
R. Dharuni ◽  
B. V. Maruthi Prasad ◽  
H. L. Vishwanth
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MS), a collection of cardiovascular risk factors, is a major worldwide public health problem. The gathered data prove that serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) activity is a true marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is of a prognostic importance as well as the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Objectives. In the study, we sought to evaluate serum γGT activity, hs-CRP and insulin resistance in patients with MS. Methods. The study involved 50 persons with metabolic syndrome and 50 healthy age and sex matched controls. Fasting serum samples of all participants were investigated for γGT, hs-CRP, insulin, blood glucose, lipid profile and liver function tests. Anthropometric measurements and BMI were also calculated Results. In that case 50% showed significantly high γGT compared to the controls, 30% proved increased hs-CRP levels above >0.5 mmol/L, whereas 94% of the controls were within the reference range. 74% of cases revealed the presence of insulin resistance while 32% of the controls showed insulin resistance. High γGT levels were also observed in that case with deranged lipids levels and high BMI. Conclusions. The study suggests that the patients with MS have a higher serum γGT activity. This study also proves that hs-CRP and HOMA-IR, which are independent risk factors of CVD, are also associated with MS. The correlation between γGT and the components of MS are also found significant compared to hs-CRP. Thus, γGT can be considered as an inexpensive and authentic predictor of MS, which can be a manifestation of CVD in near future.

scholarly journals Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Liver Steatosis in the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1540-1540
Author(s):  
Colby Teeman ◽  
Jacqueline Hernandez ◽  
Yongjun Huang ◽  
Jose Bastida Rodriguez ◽  
Nicholas Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Faster Development

Abstract Objectives Immune activation is central to developing insulin resistance and is implicated in the pathophysiology of liver steatosis. People living with HIV (PLWH) have elevated biomarkers of immune activation, which may play a role in faster development of insulin resistance and liver steatosis. The objective of this study was to examine if HIV status and immune activation are related to insulin resistance and liver steatosis. Methods Demographic and anthropometric data on MASH cohort participants were obtained. Insulin resistance was estimated using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index from fasting blood. HIV status was abstracted from participants’ medical records. Immune activation biomarkers soluble CD163 (sCD163), sCD27, sCD14, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) measured with multiplex flow cytometry in Dr. Sherman's laboratory. High sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), measure of inflammation, was determined by LabCorp. Liver steatosis was defined as liver fat >3.5% obtained with magnetic resonance elastography scans. Statistics included descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney tests, multivariate linear, and logistic regressions, controlled for age, sex, and BMI. Results Of the 712 participants (age 54.24 ± 7.48 years), 336 were PLWH with suppressed viral load, and 376 were uninfected healthy participants. PLWH had higher levels of sCD27 (P = 0.003) and MCP-1 (P = 0.034) than uninfected participants. Multiple linear regressions showed HIV status and sCD163 were independently associated with higher insulin resistance (HIV status b = 0.130, P = 0.014, sCD163 Multiple logistic regressions showed higher levels of sCD163 (OR = 1.097, 95% CI: 1.01–1.19, P = 0.032) and insulin resistance (OR = 7.126, 95% CI: 2.59–19.58, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of liver steatosis. HIV status, sCD14, sCD27, hsCRP, or MCP-1 were not related to liver steatosis. Conclusions These results indicate that HIV infection and sCD163, a marker of immune activation, are independent predictors of insulin resistance, and sCD163 was associated with greater odds of liver steatosis. Lifestyle interventions and anti-inflammatory agents aimed at reducing insulin resistance and immune activation in PLWH may help to reduce the risk of liver steatosis and other co-morbidities. Funding Sources Grant Number: U01DA040381.

scholarly journals Relationship of visceral adipose tissue with surrogate insulin resistance and liver markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome chronic complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882095829
Author(s):  
Vanessa Bullón-Vela ◽  
Itziar Abete ◽  
Josep A. Tur ◽  
Jadwiga Konieczna ◽  
Dora Romaguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Receiver Operating

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has a hazardous influence on systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and an adverse metabolic profile, which increases the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic complications of diabetes. In our study we aimed to evaluate the association of VAT and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) as a proxy of insulin resistance surrogated with metabolic and liver risk factors among subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including 326 participants with MetS (55–75 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Liver-status markers, VAT and TyG were assessed. Participants were stratified by tertiles according to VAT ( n = 254) and TyG ( n = 326). A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyse the efficiency of TyG for VAT. Results: Subjects with greater visceral fat depots showed worse lipid profile, higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TyG, alanine transaminase (ALT), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) compared with participants in the first tertile. The multi-adjusted linear-regression analyses indicated that individuals in the third tertile of TyG (>9.1−10.7) had a positive association with HOMA-IR [ β = 3.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28−3.86; p trend < 0.001)], ALT [ β = 7.43 (95% CI 2.23−12.63; p trend = 0.005)], gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) [ β = 14.12 (95% CI 3.64−24.61; p trend = 0.008)], FGF-21 [ β = 190.69 (95% CI 93.13−288.25; p trend < 0.001)], FLI [ β = 18.65 (95% CI 14.97−22.23; p trend < 0.001)] and HSI [ β = 3.46 (95% CI, 2.23−4.68; p trend < 0.001)] versus participants from the first tertile. Interestingly, the TyG showed the largest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for women (AUC = 0.713; 95% CI 0.62−0.79) compared with men (AUC = 0.570; 95% CI 0.48−0.66). Conclusions: A disrupted VAT enlargement and impairment of TyG are strongly associated with liver status and cardiometabolic risk factors linked with NAFLD in individuals diagnosed with MetS. Moreover, the TyG could be used as a suitable and reliable marker estimator of VAT.

Therapeutic Effect of Metformin and Vitamin E Versus Prescriptive Diet in Obese Adolescents with Fatty Liver

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akcam ◽  
Boyaci ◽  
Pirgon ◽  
Kaya ◽  
Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obese Adolescents

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether metformin or vitamin E treatment for six months is effective in reducing body weight, blood pressure, and also ameliorating insulin resistance, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Sixty-seven obese adolescents with liver steatosis (age range, 9 - 17 years) were included in the study. The metformin group received an 850-mg dose of metformin daily and the vitamin E group received 400 U vitamin E /daily, in capsule form for 6 months, plus an individually tailored diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy. Results: After 6 months later, there was a significant decline in body mass index, and fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values in all three groups. Moreover, in comparingson of changes in HOMA among the groups, the metformin- treated group showed significantly improved metabolic control and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) at the end of the study. There were no significant differences for changes of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, in all three groups after 6 months study. Conclusion: These data suggest that metformin treatment is more effective than dietary advice and vitamin E treatment in reducing insulin resistance, and also in ameliorating metabolic parameters such as fasting insulin and lipid levels, in obese adolescents having NAFLD.

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