Biodegradable liposome-encapsulated hydrogels for biomedical applications: a marriage of convenience

Abstract Background Citric acid (CA) is a universal plant and animal-metabolism intermediate. It is a commodity chemical processed and widely used around the world as an excellent pharmaceutical excipient. Notably, CA is offering assorted significant properties viz. biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, safety, etc. Therefore, CA is broadly employed in many sectors including foodstuffs, beverages, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics as a flavoring agent, sequestering agent, buffering agent, etc. From the beginning, CA is a regular ingredient for cosmetic pH-adjustment and as a metallic ion chelator in antioxidant systems. In addition, it is used to improve the taste of pharmaceuticals such as syrups, solutions, elixirs, etc. Furthermore, free CA is also employed as an acidulant in mild astringent preparations. Main text In essence, it is estimated that the functionality present in CA provides excellent assets in pharmaceutical applications such as cross-linking, release-modifying capacity, interaction with molecules, capping and coating agent, branched polymer nanoconjugates, gas generating agent, etc. Mainly, the center of attention of the review is to deliver an impression of the CA-based pharmaceutical applications. Conclusion In conclusion, CA is reconnoitered for multiple novels pharmaceutical and biomedical/applications including as a green crosslinker, release modifier, monomer/branched polymer, capping and coating agent, novel disintegrant, absorption enhancer, etc. In the future, CA can be utilized as an excellent substitute for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Graphical abstract

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Raman Microimaging Using a Novel Multifiber-Based Device: A Feasibility Study on Pharmaceutical Tablets

International Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2012/959235 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Sana Tfaili ◽

Cyril Gobinet ◽

Jean-François Angiboust ◽

Michel Manfait ◽

Olivier Piot

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Imaging Device ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽

Pharmaceutical Applications ◽

Health Field ◽

Portable Raman

Raman microimaging is a potential analytical technique in health field and presents many possible pharmaceutical applications. In this study, we tested a micrometer spatial resolution probe coupled to a portable Raman imager via an indexed multifiber bundle. At the level of the probe, the fibers were arranged in a circular geometry in order to fit to the pupil of an objective. The imaging potential of this Raman system was assessed on pharmaceutical-like pellets. We showed that this setup permits to record, nearly in real time, Raman images with a micrometer resolution. The collected images revealed a marked heterogeneity in chemicals distribution. Further investigations will be led on cells and biological tissues to evaluate the potential of this Raman imaging device for biomedical applications.

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Cosmetic, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Fish Gelatin/Hydrolysates

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19030145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Suhair Al-Nimry ◽

Alaa Abu Dayah ◽

Inas Hasan ◽

Rawand Daghmash

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽

Fish Gelatin ◽

Mouth Diseases ◽

Pharmaceutical Applications ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Gelatin Hydrolysate

There are several reviews that separately cover different aspects of fish gelatin including its preparation, characteristics, modifications, and applications. Its packaging application in food industry is extensively covered but other applications are not covered or covered alongside with those of collagen. This review is comprehensive, specific to fish gelatin/hydrolysate and cites recent research. It covers cosmetic applications, intrinsic activities, and biomedical applications in wound dressing and wound healing, gene therapy, tissue engineering, implants, and bone substitutes. It also covers its pharmaceutical applications including manufacturing of capsules, coating of microparticles/oils, coating of tablets, stabilization of emulsions and drug delivery (microspheres, nanospheres, scaffolds, microneedles, and hydrogels). The main outcomes are that fish gelatin is immunologically safe, protects from the possibility of transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and foot and mouth diseases, has an economic and environmental benefits, and may be suitable for those that practice religious-based food restrictions, i.e., people of Muslim, Jewish and Hindu faiths. It has unique rheological properties, making it more suitable for certain applications than mammalian gelatins. It can be easily modified to enhance its mechanical properties. However, extensive research is still needed to characterize gelatin hydrolysates, elucidate the Structure Activity Relationship (SAR), and formulate them into dosage forms. Additionally, expansion into cosmetic applications and drug delivery is needed.

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Biodegradable Natural Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Scientific Review ◽

10.32861/sr.53.67.80 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 67-80

Author(s):

Israt Parveen ◽

Md. Iqbal Mahmud ◽

Ruhul A. Khan

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Biodegradable Polymers ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Present Contribution ◽

Pharmaceutical Applications ◽

Physical Chemical

Biodegradable polymers as biomaterial are hotcake nowadays especially in medical and pharmaceutical applications. The present contribution comprises an overview of the biodegradable polymers for various biomedical applications. To meet the need of modern medicine, their physical, chemical, functional, biomechanical are highlighted as well as biodegradation properties like non-toxicity, low antigenicity, high bio-activity etc. This review summarizes the emerging and innovative field of biopolymer with the focus on tissue engineering, temporary implants, wound healing, and drug delivery applications etc.

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Carrageenan: Drug Delivery Systems and Other Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18110583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 583

Author(s):

Edisson-Mauricio Pacheco-Quito ◽

Roberto Ruiz-Caro ◽

María-Dolores Veiga

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Marine Resources ◽

Renewable Source ◽

Pharmaceutical Applications

Marine resources are today a renewable source of various compounds, such as polysaccharides, that are used in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmetic, and food fields. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on carrageenan-based biomaterials due to their multifunctional qualities, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, in addition to bioactive attributes, such as their antiviral, antibacterial, antihyperlipidemic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, antitumor, and immunomodulating properties. They have been applied in pharmaceutical formulations as both their bioactive and physicochemical properties make them suitable biomaterials for drug delivery, and recently for the development of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of recent research on the various types of carrageenan-based biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

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Applications of Scanning Microscopy in Biomedical Research

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100101517 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 354-355

Author(s):

T. L. Hayes

Keyword(s):

Information Content ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Whole Mount ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Content Information ◽

Sectioned Tissue

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.

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How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100132649 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1602-1603

Author(s):

Philippe Fragu

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Biological Applications ◽

The Past ◽

Potential Source ◽

Secondary Ion ◽

Chemical Integrity ◽

Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

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Biomedical applications: Pitfalls in the practice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100169626 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 378-379

Author(s):

J. D. Shelburne ◽

Peter Ingram ◽

Victor L. Roggli ◽

Ann LeFurgey

Keyword(s):

Operating Room ◽

Liquid Nitrogen ◽

Lung Tissue ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Microprobe Analysis ◽

Tissue Sample ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Asbestos Fibers

At present most medical microprobe analysis is conducted on insoluble particulates such as asbestos fibers in lung tissue. Cryotechniques are not necessary for this type of specimen. Insoluble particulates can be processed conventionally. Nevertheless, it is important to emphasize that conventional processing is unacceptable for specimens in which electrolyte distributions in tissues are sought. It is necessary to flash-freeze in order to preserve the integrity of electrolyte distributions at the subcellular and cellular level. Ideally, biopsies should be flash-frozen in the operating room rather than being frozen several minutes later in a histology laboratory. Electrolytes will move during such a long delay. While flammable cryogens such as propane obviously cannot be used in an operating room, liquid nitrogen-cooled slam-freezing devices or guns may be permitted, and are the best way to achieve an artifact-free, accurate tissue sample which truly reflects the in vivo state. Unfortunately, the importance of cryofixation is often not understood. Investigators bring tissue samples fixed in glutaraldehyde to a microprobe laboratory with a request for microprobe analysis for electrolytes.

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Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100161849 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 856-857

Author(s):

Yasushi P. Kato ◽

Michael G. Dunn ◽

Frederick H. Silver ◽

Arthur J. Wasserman

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Collagen Fibers ◽

Bone Collagen ◽

Cover Slip ◽

Fibroblast Migration ◽

Cellular Expression ◽

Defect Repair

Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

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Multifunctional metal–organic framework heterostructures for enhanced cancer therapy

Chemical Society Reviews ◽

10.1039/d0cs00178c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jintong Liu ◽

Jing Huang ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Jianping Lei

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

General Principle ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Functional Modulation ◽

Organic Framework

We review the general principle of the design and functional modulation of nanoscaled MOF heterostructures, and biomedical applications in enhanced therapy.

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