Serum metabolomics uncovering specific metabolite signatures of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Liang ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Tianyu Zhang ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Haitao Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Serum Metabolomics

There is a lack of diagnostic tests for cholangiocarcinoma. This report identifies 4 serum metabolites which could differentiate cholangiocarcinoma patients with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Medical Diagnostic Tests: A Review of Test Anatomy, Phases, and Statistical Treatment of Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorana D. Bolboacă
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Statistical Approaches ◽  
Phase I And Ii

Diagnostic tests are approaches used in clinical practice to identify with high accuracy the disease of a particular patient and thus to provide early and proper treatment. Reporting high-quality results of diagnostic tests, for both basic and advanced methods, is solely the responsibility of the authors. Despite the existence of recommendation and standards regarding the content or format of statistical aspects, the quality of what and how the statistic is reported when a diagnostic test is assessed varied from excellent to very poor. This article briefly reviews the steps in the evaluation of a diagnostic test from the anatomy, to the role in clinical practice, and to the statistical methods used to show their performances. The statistical approaches are linked with the phase, clinical question, and objective and are accompanied by examples. More details are provided for phase I and II studies while the statistical treatment of phase III and IV is just briefly presented. Several free online resources useful in the calculation of some statistics are also given.

scholarly journals Current situation of Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-6
Author(s):  
Ari F. Syam
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Urine Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genotype Information ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Low Prevalence

Data epidemiologi infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) terus berubah dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Indonesia dilaporkan memiliki prevalensi infeksi H. pylori yang rendah dibandingkan dengan negara lain di Asia. Beberapa penelitian di Indonesia melaporkan bahwa sanitasi yang buruk, usia, agama, etnis merupakan faktor risiko untuk infeksi H. pylori. Dibandingkan dengan tes diagnostik lainnya, tes urine merupakan tes yang dapat diandalkan untuk mendeteksi H. pylori di Indonesia karena tes tersebut bersifat non-invasif dengan harga yang cukup terjangkau dan memiliki akurasi yang tinggi. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah dilakukan mengenai prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada beberapa etnis di Indonesia, peneliti masih memiliki beberapa pertanyaan yang belum terjawab mengenai infeksi H. pylori di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan untuk membangun pusat penelitian H. pylori yang menyediakan fasilitas untuk kultur, evaluasi resistensi antibiotik, dan memperoleh informasi genotipe yang dapat menjelaskan perbedaan dalam infeksi H. pylori di antara berbagai etnis di Indonesia The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been changing over the past decades. Indonesia was reported have a low prevalence of H. pylori infection compared to other countries in Asia. Some studies in Indonesia have evaluated that poor sanitation, age, religion, ethnicity are the risk factors for H. pylori infection. Compared to other diagnostic tests, the urine test will be reliable for the detection of H. pylori in Indonesia because it is non-invasive and low cost with high accuracy. Although we have already performed studies on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in several ethnics, we still have some questions that remain unclear regarding H. pylori infection in Indonesia. Therefore, we have a need to build a H. pylori center that provide facilities for culturing, evaluating antibiotic resistance, and obtaining the genotype information that may explain the differences in H. pylori infection among ethnic groups in Indonesia.

Identification of the urine and serum metabolomics signature of gout

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2960-2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yefei Huang ◽  
Min Xiao ◽  
Jiayong Ou ◽  
Qing Lv ◽  
Qiujing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Serum Metabolomics ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Objective Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis and the worldwide incidence is increasing. By revealing the metabolic alterations in serum and urine of gout patients, the first aim of our study was to discover novel molecular biomarkers allowing for early diagnosis. We also aimed to investigate the underlying pathogenic pathways. Methods Serum and urine samples from gout patients (n = 30) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 30) were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to screen the differential metabolites and construct a diagnostic model. Next, the model was verified and optimized in the second validation cohort (n = 100). The pathways were illustrated to understand the underlying pathogenesis of gout. Results In general, serum metabolomics demonstrated a clearer distinction than urine metabolomics. In the discovery cohort, 40 differential serum metabolites were identified that could distinguish gout patients from healthy controls. Among them, eight serum metabolites were verified in the validation cohort. Through regression analysis, the final model consisted of three serum metabolites—pyroglutamic acid, 2-methylbutyryl carnitine and Phe-Phe—that presented optimal diagnostic power. The three proposed metabolites produced an area under the curve of 0.956 (95% CI 0.911, 1.000). Additionally, the proposed metabolic pathways were primarily involved in purine metabolism, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, bile secretion and arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusion The metabolomics signatures could serve as an efficient tool for early diagnosis and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of gout.

scholarly journals Simple and Patient-Friendly Clinical Diagnostic Tests for de Quervain’s Disease.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Wrist Pain ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
De Quervain’S Disease ◽  
De Quervain’S Tenosynovitis ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic

Abstract De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is a relatively common cause of radial sided wrist pain. The standard clinical tests, including both Eichhoff and Finkelstein’s tests, are very painful; even in a normal individual without any inflammation of the tendons. We propose a set of simple, gentle and more patient-friendly clinical tests with high accuracy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Triage Tests When Existing Test Capacity Is Constrained: Application to Rapid Diagnostic Testing in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272989X2110141
Author(s):  
Janet Bouttell ◽  
Neil Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Reference Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Triage Test

Objectives A triage test is used to determine which patients will undergo an existing or “reference” test. This article explores the potential value of using triage tests before reference tests when the capacity of the reference test is constrained. Methods We developed a simple model with inputs: prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, and reference test capacity. We included a case study of rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigens used as triage tests before a reference polymerase chain reaction test. Performance data were obtained from an evaluation performed by an academic center on 425 samples from testing centers in the United Kingdom and Germany. Results When reference test capacity is constrained, the use of a triage test leads to a relative expansion of the population tested and cases identified; both are higher with a high-specificity triage test. When reference test capacity is not constrained, the potential advantages of introducing a triage test can be assessed using a standard cost-utility framework, balancing the utility of the reduction in the number of reference tests required against the disutility of missed cases associated with the use of a lower-sensitivity triage test. In the constrained case, the advantage of a triage testing strategy in terms of population covered and cases identified is reduced as the prevalence increases. In the unconstrained case, the reduction in reference tests required is reduced and the number of cases missed increase as the prevalence rises. Conclusion When the availability of the reference test is constrained, tests added in a triage position do not need high levels of accuracy to increase the number of cases diagnosed. This has implications in many disease areas, including COVID-19. Twitter: Lower-accuracy #COVID19 tests can still be useful, according to a new article, “Evaluation of Triage Tests When Existing Test Capacity Is Constrained: Application to Rapid Diagnostic Testing in COVID-19,” co-authored by @janetbouttell & @NeilSHawkins @HEHTAGlasgow @MedDecMak There is much emphasis on high-accuracy #COVID19 tests, but lower-accuracy tests have their place, according to a new study on triage tests when test capacity is constrained, co-authored by @janetbouttell & @NeilSHawkins @HEHTAGlasgow @MedDecMak A new study, co-authored by @janetbouttell & @NeilSHawkins @HEHTAGlasgow, has shown that when there is limited capacity of high-accuracy #COVID19 diagnostic tests, triage testing strategies can increase the population covered and the number of #COVID19 cases identified. @MedDecMak

scholarly journals Toxicity and Its Mechanism Study of Arecae semen Aqueous Extract in Wistar Rats by UPLC-HDMS-Based Serum Metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhe Jia ◽  
Ting Han ◽  
Qinghua Lin ◽  
Wenjia Qu ◽  
Tianying Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Metabolomics ◽  
Different Doses

Background. Arecae semen (AS) is officially recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and it is known for its multiple functions, including antidepressive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which have been confirmed by modern pharmacological study. Previous study in our laboratory showed that long-term oral administration of Arecae semen aqueous extract (ASAE) at high dosage was toxic. However, the underlying toxicological mechanism of AS is not yet clear at the biochemistry level. Hypothesis. The aim of this work was to characterize the metabolome, evaluate the metabolic changes, and study the mechanisms of the toxicity induced by different treatment doses of ASAE via metabolomics. Methods. Wistar rats were administered orally two different doses of ASAE (1500 and 4500 mg/kg/d) for 30 days. The investigation was carried out to evaluate the safety of ASAE. And, the UPLC-HDMS-based serum metabolomics in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques was applied to investigate the serum metabolite profile and potential markers of toxicity induced by different doses of ASAE. Results. Coupled with blood biochemistry and histopathology results, the significant difference in metabolic profiling was observed between 1500 and 4500 mg/kg/d dosages of ASAE-treated rats and normal rats by using pattern recognition analysis, indicating that changes in serum metabolites must have occurred. Some significant changed metabolites such as arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and LPC (18 : 1) have been found and identified. These biochemical changes in serum metabolites are related to the perturbation of linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and purine metabolism, which may be helpful to further understand the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of ASAE. Conclusion. The study shows that the metabolomic method may be a valuable tool for studying the essence of toxicity induced by traditional Chinese medicine.

A New 1,000 kV Electron Microscope

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Nishigaki ◽  
S. Katagiri ◽  
H. Kimura ◽  
B. Tadano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Biological Specimen ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron

The high voltage electron microscope has many advantageous features in comparison with the ordinary electron microscope. They are a higher penetrating efficiency of the electron, low chromatic aberration, high accuracy of the selected area diffraction and so on. Thus, the high voltage electron microscope becomes an indispensable instrument for the metallurgical, polymer and biological specimen studies. The application of the instrument involves today not only basic research but routine survey in the various fields. Particularly for the latter purpose, the performance, maintenance and reliability of the microscope should be same as those of commercial ones. The authors completed a 500 kV electron microscope in 1964 and a 1,000 kV one in 1966 taking these points into consideration. The construction of our 1,000 kV electron microscope is described below.

Images of Aging in the Psychotherapeutic Context

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Marie Kessler ◽  
Catherine E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Process ◽  
Images Of Aging ◽  
Client Communication

Both psychotherapists and their clients have mental representations of old age and the aging process. In this conceptual review, we draw on available research from gerontology, social and developmental psychology, and communication science to consider how these “images of aging” may affect the psychotherapeutic process with older clients. On the basis of selected empirical findings we hypothesize that such images may affect the pathways to psychotherapy in later life, therapist-client communication, client performance on diagnostic tests as well as how therapists select and apply a therapeutic method. We posit that interventions to help both older clients and therapists to reflect on their own images of aging may increase the likelihood of successful treatment. We conclude by making suggestions for future research.

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