Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2–CuxS double-shelled hollow spheres for enhanced chemo-/photothermal anti-cancer therapy and dual-modal imaging

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 12180-12191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yang ◽  
Guixin Yang ◽  
Xingmei Wang ◽  
Ruichan Lv ◽  
Shili Gai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Imaging Properties

Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2 double-shelled hollow spheres (DSHSs) exhibit high anti-cancer efficacy due to enabling synergistic therapy and their excellent in vitro and in vivo CT and up-conversion fluorescence imaging properties.

scholarly journals New Anti-Cancer Strategy to Suppress Colorectal Cancer Growth Through Inhibition of ATG4B and Lysosome Function

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Fu ◽  
Qianqian Gu ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Jiecheng Xu ◽  
Yuping Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Anti Cancer

Autophagy inhibition has been proposed to be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer, however, few autophagy inhibitors have been developed. Recent studies have indicated that lysosome and autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase (ATG4B) are two promising targets in autophagy for cancer therapy. Although some inhibitors of either lysosome or ATG4B were reported, there are limitations in the use of these single target compounds. Considering multi-functional drugs have advantages, such as high efficacy and low toxicity, we first screened and validated a batch of compounds designed and synthesized in our laboratory by combining the screening method of ATG4B inhibitors and the identification method of lysosome inhibitors. ATG4B activity was effectively inhibited in vitro. Moreover, 163N inhibited autophagic flux and caused the accumulation of autolysosomes. Further studies demonstrated that 163N could not affect the autophagosome-lysosome fusion but could cause lysosome dysfunction. In addition, 163N diminished tumor cell viability and impaired the development of colorectal cancer in vivo. The current study findings indicate that the dual effect inhibitor 163N offers an attractive new anti-cancer drug and compounds having a combination of lysosome inhibition and ATG4B inhibition are a promising therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer therapy.

Controllable silicon nanostructures featuring stable fluorescence and intrinsic in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 6247-6256
Author(s):  
Binbin Chu ◽  
Sicong Wu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Ji ◽  
Runzhi Chen ◽  
Bin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Silicon Nanostructures ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Si Nanostructures ◽  
Cancer Activity

A facile microwave-assisted synthetic approach enables the fabrication of different-dimensional Si nanostructures with unique optical merits for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Novel porphyrazine-based photodynamic anti-cancer therapy induces immunogenic cell death

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria D. Turubanova ◽  
Tatiana A. Mishchenko ◽  
Irina V. Balalaeva ◽  
Iuliia Efimova ◽  
Nina N. Peskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Molecular Patterns

AbstractThe immunogenicity of dying cancer cells determines the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is characterized by the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cells. This emission can trigger effective anti-tumor immunity. Only a few photosensitizers are known to induce ICD and, therefore, there is a need for development of new photosensitizers that can induce ICD. The purpose of this work was to analyze whether photosensitizers developed in-house from porphyrazines (pz I and pz III) can induce ICD in vitro and in vivo when used in PDT. We indetified the optimal concentrations of the photosensitizers and found that, at a light dose of 20 J/cm2 (λex 615–635 nm), both pz I and pz III efficiently induced cell death in cancer cells. We demonstrate that pz I localized predominantly in the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes while pz III in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. The cell death induced by pz I-PDT was inhibited by zVAD-fmk (apoptosis inhibitor) but not by ferrostatin-1 and DFO (ferroptosis inhibitors) or by necrostatin-1 s (necroptosis inhibitor). By contrast, the cell death induced by pz III-PDT was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk and by the necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1 s. Cancer cells induced by pz I-PDT or pz III-PDT released HMGB1 and ATP and were engulfed by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, which then matured and became activated in vitro. We demonstrate that cancer cells, after induction of cell death by pz I-PDT or pz III-PDT, are protective when used in the mouse model of prophylactic tumor vaccination. By vaccinating immunodeficient mice, we prove the role of the adaptive immune system in protecting against tumours. All together, we have shown that two novel porphyrazines developed in-house are potent ICD inducers that could be effectively applied in PDT of cancer.

scholarly journals Metformin alters signaling induced crosstalk and homeostasis in the carcinogenesis paradigm “Epistemology of the origin of cancer”

4open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Björn L.D.M. Brücher ◽  
Ijaz S. Jamall
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The anti-hyperglycemic drug, Metformin, is effective in treating early stages of diabetes and has been associated with a 37% decrease in cancer incidence. While the precise mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects of Metformin remain to be elucidated, this review shows the multiplicity of its effects on interdicting signaling and crosstalk, anti-inflammatory effects and in restoring homeostasis, which, taken together, go beyond its well-known anti-hyperglycemic effect that serves as the basis for its use in type 2 diabetes. Metformin is much more than a one-trick pony. The recent discovery of several signaling pathways influenced by Metformin appears to have potential value in cancer therapy. Based on what we know at present, Metformin promotes beneficial effects attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects largely demonstrated in vitro. Metformin activates or upregulates while it simultaneously inhibits or downregulates multiple signaling pathways of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis accompanied by oxidative stress, which are in accordance with the 6-step sequence of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo studies in laboratory animals and in cancer patients are beginning to address the magnitude of the anti-cancer effects and delineate its anti-cancer effects. In this context, results from prior pancreatic and non-pancreatic cancer trials, which contained a significant proportion of the patient population treated with Metformin, will have to be reexamined in light of the observed anti-cancerous effects to gain additional insights. The detailed exploration of Metformin in the context of the “Disruption of signaling homeostasis induced crosstalk in the carcinogenesis paradigm Epistemology of the origin of cancer” can provide helpful insights into the anti-proliferative mechanisms and could play a relevant role in anti-cancer therapy in the future.

Flavonoid-Based Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1398-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Ali Hassanzadeh ◽  
Faroogh Marofi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Alivand ◽  
Saeed Solali
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Human Cancer Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis ◽  
The Relationship

: As cancers are one of the most important causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, researchers try to discover novel compounds and therapeutic approaches to decrease survival of cancer cells, angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. In the last decade, use of special phytochemical compounds and flavonoids was reported to be an interesting and hopeful tactic in the field of cancer therapy. Flavonoids are natural polyphenols found in plant, fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. Based on reports, over 10,000 flavonoids have been detected and categorized into several subclasses, including flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and chalcones. It seems that the anticancer effect of flavonoids is mainly due to their antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities and their potential to modulate molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and hormone activities. The main aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between flavonoids consumption and cancer risk, and discuss the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds in human cancer cells. Hence, we tried to collect and revise important recent in vivo and in vitro researches about the most effective flavonoids and their main mechanisms of action in various types of cancer cells.

Size and surface controllable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for fluorescence imaging and cancer therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 6205-6211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechuan Gao ◽  
Ruixue Cui ◽  
Guanfeng Ji ◽  
Zhiliang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

This work presents a novel size and surface controllable metal–organic framework, UIO-66-NH2-FA-5-FAM/5-FU, which possesses the superior characteristics of targeted identification of cancer cells, bioimaging and obvious anti-cancer effects in vivo.

Bioinformatics Approaches for Anti-cancer Drug Discovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kening Li ◽  
Yuxin Du ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Dong-Qing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Biological Network ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Cancer Drug Discovery ◽  
Anti Cancer

Drug discovery is important in cancer therapy and precision medicines. Traditional approaches of drug discovery are mainly based on in vivo animal experiments and in vitro drug screening, but these methods are usually expensive and laborious. In the last decade, omics data explosion provides an opportunity for computational prediction of anti-cancer drugs, improving the efficiency of drug discovery. High-throughput transcriptome data were widely used in biomarkers’ identification and drug prediction by integrating with drug-response data. Moreover, biological network theory and methodology were also successfully applied to the anti-cancer drug discovery, such as studies based on protein-protein interaction network, drug-target network and disease-gene network. In this review, we summarized and discussed the bioinformatics approaches for predicting anti-cancer drugs and drug combinations based on the multi-omic data, including transcriptomics, toxicogenomics, functional genomics and biological network. We believe that the general overview of available databases and current computational methods will be helpful for the development of novel cancer therapy strategies.

scholarly journals An Insight into the Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Metastatic Effects of Oridonin: Current Knowledge and Future Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Nurul Akmaryanti Abdullah ◽  
Nur Fariesha Md Hashim ◽  
Aula Ammar ◽  
Noraina Muhamad Zakuan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a mortality rate of more than 9 million deaths reported in 2018. Conventional anti-cancer therapy can greatly improve survival however treatment resistance is still a major problem especially in metastatic disease. Targeted anti-cancer therapy is increasingly used with conventional therapy to improve patients’ outcomes in advanced and metastatic tumors. However, due to the complexity of cancer biology and metastasis, it is urgent to develop new agents and evaluate the anti-cancer efficacy of available treatments. Many phytochemicals from medicinal plants have been reported to possess anti-cancer properties. One such compound is known as oridonin, a bioactive component of Rabdosia rubescens. Several studies have demonstrated that oridonin inhibits angiogenesis in various types of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, lung, colon and skin cancer. Oridonin’s anti-cancer effects are mediated through the modulation of several signaling pathways which include upregulation of oncogenes and pro-angiogenic growth factors. Furthermore, oridonin also inhibits cell migration, invasion and metastasis via suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and blocking downstream signaling targets in the cancer metastasis process. This review summarizes the recent applications of oridonin as an anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic drug both in vitro and in vivo, and its potential mechanisms of action.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

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