scholarly journals The application of nanotechnology in enhancing immunotherapy for cancer treatment: current effects and perspective

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (37) ◽  
pp. 17157-17178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjiang Li ◽  
Ciceron Ayala-Orozco ◽  
Pradipta Ranjan Rauta ◽  
Sunil Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Promising Treatment

Cancer immunotherapy is emerging as a promising treatment modality that suppresses and eliminates tumors by re-activating and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle, and further enhancing the body's anti-tumor immune response.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Acoustics-based Therapy and Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuheng Bao ◽  
Jifan Chen ◽  
Pintong Huang ◽  
Weijun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Immunological Recognition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Immune Response To Cancer

Cancer is an intractable disease and has ability to escape immunological recognition. Cancer immunotherapy to enhance the autogenous immune response to cancer tissue is reported to be the most promising method for cancer treatment. After the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, dendritic cells come mature and then recruit activated T cells to induce immune response. To trigger the release of cancer associated antigens, cancer acoustics-based therapy has various prominent advantages and has been reported in various research. In this review, we classified the acoustics-based therapy into sonopyrolysis-, sonoporation-, and sonoluminescence-based therapy. Then, detailed mechanisms of these therapies are discussed to show the status of cancer immunotherapy induced by acoustics-based therapy in quo. Finally, we express some future prospects in this research field and make some predictions of its development direction

scholarly journals Flexible Aptamer-Based Nucleolin-Targeting Cancer Treatment Modalities: A Focus on Immunotherapy, Radiotherapy, and Phototherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani ◽  
Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cancer Radiotherapy ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Potential Cancer

: Cancer radiotherapy and phototherapy have been known as alternative approaches for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant malignancies. Additionally, cancer immunotherapy has recently demonstrated to be a potential cancer treatment modality that has had its ups and downs despite the heart-warming outcomes it has achieved. However, researchers have proved that nanotechnology-facilitated approaches might bring the success of these modalities to an upper class. The nucleolin-targeting aptamer, AS1411, is among various aptamers utilized for the redirection of nanocarriers carrying radiosensitizers and photosensitizers. Recently, the potential applicability of this aptamer has been investigated in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss how aptamer-mediated nucleolin targeting nanoplatforms might ameliorate the side effects of cancer radiotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy and improve the outcomes of these treatment approaches.

Immunotherapy: New insights in breast cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bader Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Parp Inhibitor ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
New Treatment

Breast cancer being the most malignant and lethal disease persistent among women globally. Immunotherapy as a new treatment modality has emerged in understanding the loopholes in the treatment of breast cancer which is mainly attributed to the potential of tumor cells to evade and survive the immune response by developing various strategies. Therefore, improved understanding of the immune evasion by cancer cells and the monoclonal antibodies against PD- and PD-L1 can help us in the diagnosis of this malignancy. Here in this article, I have highlighted that in addition to focusing on other strategies for breast cancer treatment, the involvement of immune system in breast cancer is vital for the understanding of this malignancy. Further, the complete involvement of immune system in the relapse or recurrence of the breast tumor and have also highlighted the role of vaccines, PD-1 and CTLA-4 with the recent advances in the field. Moreover, in addition to the application of immunotherapy as a sole therapy, combinations of immunotherapy with various strategies like targeting it with MEK inhibitors, Vaccines, chemotherapy and PARP inhibitor has shown to have significant benefits is also discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Antitumor and Adjuvant Activity of λ-carrageenan by Stimulating Immune Response in Cancer Immunotherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Luo ◽  
Bin Shao ◽  
Wen Nie ◽  
Xia-Wei Wei ◽  
Yu-Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Adjuvant Activity

scholarly journals Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapies: Mechanisms That Affect Antitumor Immune Response and Treatment Resistance

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5655
Author(s):  
Xianda Zhao ◽  
Subbaya Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Cancer Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
The Past

The past decade has seen immunotherapy rise to the forefront of cancer treatment [...]

scholarly journals Molecular and Clinical Characterization of LAG3 in Breast Cancer Through 2994 Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Yihang Qi ◽  
Jie Zhai ◽  
Xiangyi Kong ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Despite the promising impact of cancer immunotherapy targeting CTLA4 and PD1/PDL1, a large number of cancer patients fail to respond. LAG3 (Lymphocyte Activating 3), also named CD233, is a protein Coding gene served as alternative inhibitory receptors to be targeted in the clinic. The impact of LAG3 on immune cell populations and co-regulation of immune response in breast cancer remained largely unknown. Methods To characterize the role of LAG3 in breast cancer, we investigated transcriptome data and associated clinical information derived from a total of 2994 breast cancer patients. Results We observed that LAG3 was closely correlated with major molecular and clinical characteristics, and was more likely to be enriched in higher malignant subtype, suggesting LAG3 was a potential biomarker of triple-negative breast cancer. Furthermore, we estimated the landscape of relationship between LAG3 and ten types of cell populations in breast cancer. Gene ontology analysis revealed LAG3 were strongly correlated with immune response and inflammatory activities. We investigated the correlation pattern between LAG3 and immune modulators in pan-cancer, especially the synergistic role of LAG3 with other immune checkpoints members in breast cancer. Conclusions LAG3 expression was closely related to malignancy of breast cancer and might serve as a potential biomarker; LAG3 might plays an important role in regulating tumor immune microenvironment, not only T cells, but also other immune cells. More importantly, LAG3 might synergize with CTLA4, PD1/ PDL1 and other immune checkpoints, thereby lending more evidences to combination cancer immunotherapy by targeting LAG3, PD1/PDL1, and CTLA4 together.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Stimulating and Mobilizing the Immune System Enhancing the Anti-Tumor Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengguo Wu ◽  
Shang Li ◽  
Xiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Cell Components

Cancer immunotherapy is a kind of therapy that can control and eliminate tumors by restarting and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle and restoring the body’s normal anti-tumor immune response. Although immunotherapy has great potential, it is currently only applicable to patients with certain types of tumors, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and cancer with high mutation load and microsatellite instability, and even in these types of tumors, immunotherapy is not effective for all patients. In order to enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy, this article reviews the research progress of tumor microenvironment immunotherapy, and studies the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we focused on immunotherapy against tumor microenvironment (TME) and discussed the important research progress. TME is the environment for the survival and development of tumor cells, which is composed of cell components and non-cell components; immunotherapy for TME by stimulating or mobilizing the immune system of the body, enhancing the anti-tumor immunity. The checkpoint inhibitors can effectively block the inhibitory immunoregulation, indirectly strengthen the anti-tumor immune response and improve the effect of immunotherapy. We also found the checkpoint inhibitors have brought great changes to the treatment model of advanced tumors, but the clinical treatment results show great individual differences. Based on the close attention to the future development trend of immunotherapy, this study summarized the latest progress of immunotherapy and pointed out a new direction. To study the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing the immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity can provide new opportunities for cancer treatment, expand the clinical application scope and effective population of cancer immunotherapy, and improve the survival rate of cancer patients.

scholarly journals Infections due to dysregulated immunity: an emerging complication of cancer immunotherapy

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-217260
Author(s):  
Tommaso Morelli ◽  
Kohei Fujita ◽  
Gil Redelman-Sidi ◽  
Paul T Elkington
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
New Framework

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer treatment. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a common side effect which can mimic infection. Additionally, treatment of irAEs with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant agents can lead to opportunistic infection, which we have classed as immunotherapy infections due to immunosuppression. However, emerging reports demonstrate that some infections can be precipitated by ICIs in the absence of immunosuppressive treatment, in contrast to the majority of reported cases. These infections are characterised by a dysregulated inflammatory immune response, and so we propose they are described as immunotherapy infections due to dysregulated immunity. This review summarises the rapidly emerging evidence of these phenomena and proposes a new framework for considering infection in the context of cancer immunotherapy.

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