A new carbon-black/cellulose-sponge system with water supplied by injection for enhancing solar vapor generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 17954-17965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang Liu ◽  
Congliang Huang ◽  
Qiangqiang Huang ◽  
Fengchao Wang ◽  
Chuwen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Photothermal Conversion ◽  
Cellulose Sponge ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Generation Technology

The emerging solar vapor generation technology is becoming one of the most promising solar photothermal conversion technologies, which could relieve fresh water shortage.

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study on the Use of an Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) for the Harvesting of Fresh Water in a Semi-Arid Region Affected by Mining Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3278
Author(s):  
Julio Mendoza-Escamilla ◽  
Francisco Hernandez-Rangel ◽  
Pedro Cruz-Alcántar ◽  
María Saavedra-Leos ◽  
Josefa Morales-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Atmospheric Water

Worldwide, the shortage of fresh water has increased exponentially due to population growth and contamination of available water, especially in water tables that provide water for general consumption. One of the main pollutants of water is arsenic (As), present in the environment and in most mining/metallurgical processes, which is a major health risk, especially as a carcinogen. In the region of Matehuala, San Luis Potosi (SLP), Mexico, a highly productive mining area, arsenic concentrations of 138.1 mg/kg have been found in soils—6.2 times higher than what is allowed in domestic soils, while in water it is reported up to 158 mg/L, exceeding permissible limits for human consumption. In addition to As pollution, the region suffers from water shortage both in the city and in rural communities. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new technologies to provide the population with fresh water. This paper presents a feasibility study on the use of an atmospheric water generator (AWG) to capture fresh water in the region of Matehuala, SLP. The region was found to have the necessary environmental conditions to use AWGs, with an annual average relative humidity (RH) of approximately 60%. Using a mathematical model of a dehumidifier, water harvesting can be evaluated under the region’s prevailing climatic conditions. The month with lowest harvest was found to be January, with 0.89 to 3.6 L/day, while the month with largest harvest was August at 3.9 to 18 L/day and water production costs of 0.0093 and $ 0.038 USD/L, respectively. The study concludes that the use of AWGs would help alleviate water shortages, thus benefiting marginalized people or communities, preserving ecosystems and the environment.

scholarly journals Seawater Desalination by Interfacial Solar Vapor Generation Method Using Plasmonic Heating Nanocomposites

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Zhourui Xu ◽  
Nanxi Rao ◽  
Chak-Yin Tang ◽  
Wing-Cheung Law
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Seawater Desalination ◽  
Generation Efficiency ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Pva Gel ◽  
Simulated Solar Irradiation ◽  
Fresh Water Supply

With the ever-growing demand in fresh water supply, great efforts have been devoted to developing sustainable systems which could generate fresh water continuously. Solar vapor generation is one of the promising strategies which comprise an unlimited energy source and efficient solar-to-heat generators for overcoming fresh water scarcity. However, current solar vapor generation systems suffer either from inefficient utilization of solar energy or an expensive fabrication process. In this paper, we introduced a nano-plasmonic approach, i.e., a floatable nanocompoiste where copper sulfide nanorods (Cu2-xS NRs) are embedded in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, for solar-to-vapor generation. A high solar vapor generation efficiency of ~87% and water evaporation rate of 1.270 kg m−2 h−1 were achieved under simulated solar irradiation of 1 sun. With the illumination of natural daylight, seawater was purified using Cu2-xS NRs-PVA gel, with high purity, as distilled drinking water. The plasmonic nanocomposites demonstrated here are easy to fabricate and highly efficient for solar vapor generation, illustrating a potential solution for future seawater desalination.

A flowerlike sponge coated with carbon black nanoparticles for enhanced solar vapor generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Sui ◽  
Dandan Hao ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
Zaisheng Cai ◽  
Bi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Carbon Black Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Willingness To Pay Konsumen Pengguna Air Di Sub-Das Kali Dendeng – Kota Kupang

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jusuf Manilapai ◽  
Fredrik L. Benu ◽  
Agus A. Nalle
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Consumer Responsibility ◽  
Public Responsibility

Global awareness towards climate change has been a serious concern for archipelago countries due to water shortage. This problem even causes more serious life-threating phenomenon because water is one of the main resources for energy circulation. Whether change anomalies have brought about impacts on seasonal shift on several islands of Indonesia, including those in East Nusa Tenggara province. These islands experience drought. Fresh water availability for industry and domestic use in cities like Kupang has been a serious problem. This issue becomes worse in recent years due to significant increase of city population. Public responsibility to maintain natural environment and resources is therefore required. This study tries to investigate public concerns over the water shortage issue in order (1) to know to what extent public is willing to pay their consumption of fresh water provided through Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng; and (2) to analyze factors that influence the willingness of the fresh water consumers to pay for environment services provided at Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng. Quantitative approach which relies on primary and secondary data gathered through interview and field observation is applied in this study. The data were analyzed by using Dichotomous Choice CVM, Turnbull Method, and Logistic Regression to find out WTP value. The results of this analysis are described within the environmental science perspective to find out the relationship among various factors for being water consumer responsibility towards water resources preservation at Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng in Kupang. The results of the analysis show that the willingness to pay for fresh water by consumer at Kelurahan Manutapen, Mantasi dan Airmata is significantly high. They are willing to pay between Rp. 3.362 to Rp.11.328 according to WTP calculation. This amount is much higher than that determined by the city freshwater supplier company (PDAM). The facts for the reason why the consumers are willing to pay for higher amount for fresh water supply are determined by several factors; they include bidding value, consumer’s level of education, consumer’s income, water quality, and the amount of the family members. These factors simultaneously influence the water consumer willingness to pay for the water they consume; and this willingness factor has significantly high impacts as seen in Negelkerke R. Square value at 0,600, or being comparable to 60%; meaning that various factors of 60% in Y are able to explain all free variable in X. Respondents for this study are those who use fresh water supplied from Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng, and those who reside around the Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng. It is believed that there must be more citizens around the Sub-DAS Kali Dendeng, who also contribute negative impact toward the ecological environmental change, yet these individuals have no direct responsibility, and therefore the responsibility for the environmental conservation examined trough this study might not be thoroughly measured by the amount of WTP they pay.

scholarly journals Current challenges of underground water resources research in volcanic areas of the Armenian highlands (case study: mount Aragats)

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
V. P. Vardanyan
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Underground Flow ◽  
Important Basis

From the hydro-geological perspective the territory of the Central Volcanic Highlands of Armenia is a highly elevated area which mainly belongs to the hydrodynamic zone of intense underground flow. Our systematic and planned research aimed at studying groundwater in the Central Volcanic Highlands of Armenia covers the following regions: Mount Aragats, Gegham, Vardenis and Syunik Volcanic Highlands, the Ararat, Shirak and Sevan valleys, the Lori Volcanic Plateau etc. In the Armenian Highlands, along the periphery of Mount Aragats, the purpose of the conducted studies was to determine the possibilities of applying the vertical electrical sounding (VES) method for mapping the basement relief of water-resistant rocks and identifying the aquifers. In general, the lava of Armenian volcanic highlands is characterized by the formation and accumulation of two main types of underground runoff: concentrated and distributed. Concentrated runoff is a concentrated underground stream formed in the buried valleys and moves in a certain direction along a paleo-relief. Distributed runoff is a relatively dispersed underground stream formed in the buried watershed between paleo-valleys and moving in their direction. It feeds the concentrated runoff. Based on the hydro-geophysical studies, the main conclusions on distribution and exploitation of groundwater across certain volcanic regions of the Central Volcanic Highlands of Armenia are presented. Mount Aragats, where electrical exploration surveys took place using the VES method, is presented as a case study. Hydro-geophysical studies made it possible to analyze certain drainage basins of the rock massif in order to allow a more detailed “dissection” of the groundwater runoff. As a result, a summary map of the paleo-relief was compiled. The map shows the distribution of the underground runoff of the volcanic massif of Mount Aragats which forms an important basis for conducting hydrogeological initiatives aimed at solving the problem of fresh water shortage at the national level.

scholarly journals A highly flexible and washable nonwoven photothermal cloth for efficient and practical solar steam generation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 7942-7949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jin ◽  
Jian Chang ◽  
Yusuf Shi ◽  
Le Shi ◽  
Seunghyun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Solar Steam Generation

Encapsulating carbon black into a nylon 6 matrix makes a robust photothermal cloth for highly efficient solar vapor generation.

Simulation of Ion Distribution on both Sides of Insulation Film in Saltwater under Static Electric Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Ion Distribution

The world is facing a severe crisis of fresh water shortage. Seawater desalination technology is an ideal answer to this crisis. However, the conventional desalination technologies consume too much energy. New desalination methods are required to reduce the energy consumption. This paper proposes an idea for saltwater desalination based on the ions of contrary sign which attract each other on both sides of a thin insulation film in a high-voltage static electric field. In an insulation pipeline with saltwater, a piece of thin insulation film is installed vertically to the electric field. The positive ions were pumped onto the positive side of the film while the negative ions were pumped onto the negative side of it. Both ions accumulate at both sides of the film at the aid of electric field. The thinner is the insulation film, the stronger of the attractive force between positive and negative ions at opposite sides of the film and the higher the ion concentration on both sides of it. First, a model based on this idea was introduced. Then, four factors were simulated to reveal their effects on the ion distribution characteristics, including the salt concentration, the length of the pipeline, the electric field intensity, and the film thickness. The simulation results show that the desalination idea is practice to eliminate the dissolved ions in salt water and produce fresh water if the insulation film is thin enough and the electric field intensity is strong enough. The electric field only exerts electric force onto not the majority of water molecular but the minority of ions, so this method consumes much less energy than the conventional desalination methods.

Prediction of China's Water Shortage in the Year of 2025

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Gray Model ◽  
International Water ◽  
Fresh Water Resource

In order to predict the demand of fresh water in China in the year of 2025, a mathematical model is proposed based on the summation of demand of water in ten major regions in China. The gray model is applied to predict the fresh water resource in the year of 2025 while neural network model is applied to predict the fresh water demand. The degree of water shortage is evaluated by the international water scarcity assessment criteria which are commonly used. The conclusion is that some provinces in China may be faced with big challenges for water shortage.

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