Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-derived EPA and DHA oxylipins 17, 18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 19, 20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid promote BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning through GPR120-AMPKα signaling pathway

EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) content in common fresh water fish : mujahir (Oreochromis mossambicus) after indirect heating were analysed. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of indirect heating process and α-tocopherol additions on both fatty acid stability.Lipids content in the mujahir fillets were extracted by Folch method using chloroform-metanol (2:1) mixture. Fatty acids in fish oil were converted to fatty acid methyl esters and then injected into gas chromatography to determine the EPA and DHA concentration. Operating condition of gas chromatography were programmed as follows: injection port temperature at 270 oC, detector at 280 oC, initial column temperature at 200 oC, and the final at 280 oC, the carrier gas was helium with flow rate of 10 ml per minute and temperature of column was increased gradually at 10 oC per minute. The effect of α-tocopherol addition on the stability of EPA and DHA was studied by adding α-tocopherol at 50 to 200 mg per kilogram sample before indirect heating process was carried out.The analysis of mujahir fish oil showed that the content of EPA and DHA in 100 grams fresh sample was 105 and 406,5 mg respectivelly. Indirect heating caused the EPA and DHA content decreased significantly. The addition of α-tocopherol results in a positive corelation between α-tocopherol concentration added and the decrease of EPA and DHA content during the heating process. Keywords: fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid

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Non-dietary factors associated with n-3 long-chain PUFA levels in humans – a systematic literature review

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519000138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (7) ◽

pp. 793-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Renate H. M. de Groot ◽

Rebecca Emmett ◽

Barbara J. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Literature Review ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Krill Oil ◽

Chain Pufa ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Long Chain

AbstractNumerous health benefits are attributed to the n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA); EPA and DHA. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate factors, other than diet, that are associated with the n-3 LCPUFA levels. The inclusion criteria were papers written in English, carried out in adult non-pregnant humans, n-3 LCPUFA measured in blood or tissue, data from cross-sectional studies, or baseline data from intervention studies. The search revealed 5076 unique articles of which seventy were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three main groups of factors potentially associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were identified: (1) unmodifiable factors (sex, genetics, age), (2) modifiable factors (body size, physical activity, alcohol, smoking) and (3) bioavailability factors (chemically bound form of supplements, krill oil v. fish oil, and conversion of plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) to n-3 LCPUFA). Results showed that factors positively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were age, female sex (women younger than 50 years), wine consumption and the TAG form. Factors negatively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were genetics, BMI (if erythrocyte EPA and DHA levels are <5·6 %) and smoking. The evidence for girth, physical activity and krill oil v. fish oil associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels is inconclusive. There is also evidence that higher ALA consumption leads to increased levels of EPA but not DHA. In conclusion, sex, age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and the form of n-3 LCPUFA are all factors that need to be taken into account in n-3 LCPUFA research.

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The effect of feeding high levels of fish oil and additional vitamin E on intake, milk yield, composition and fatty acid content in high yielding dairy cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600034346 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 221-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R J Mansbridge ◽

J S Blake ◽

C Collins

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Acid Content ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Oily Fish ◽

The Uk ◽

Effect Of Feeding

The COMA report on The Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease (1994) recommended that the intake of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), by the UK population should double. EPA and DHA in the human diet are derived principally from oily fish. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of increasing levels of fish oil in the diet at two levels of vitamin E supplementation, on intake, milk production, the extent of uptake of EPA and DHA into milk fat at levels exceeding those investigated to date, and the effect of a dietary supplement of vitamin E on fatty acid content.

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Relationship between fish oil intake by dairy cows and the yield of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in their milk

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200005810 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 199-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Rymer ◽

C. Dyer ◽

D.I. Givens ◽

R. Allison

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

The Uk

The dietary essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are predominantly found in fish oil, but fish consumption in the UK is low. Increasing the yield of EPA and DHA in cows’ milk would increase human intakes of EPA and DHA, and this can be achieved by including fish oil in cows’ diets. However, because EPA and DHA are susceptible to rumen biohydrogenation, their transfer efficiency into milk is low.In vitroobservations by Gulatiet al. (1999) suggested that if the concentration of fish oil in the rumen exceeded 1 mg/ml, EPA and DHA were not hydrogenated. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the relationships between fish oil intake by dairy cows, and the probable concentrations of fish oil in the cows’ rumen, with the yield of EPA and DHA in their milk.

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Impact of different omega-3 fatty acid sources on lipid, hormonal, blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages profile in PCOS rat model

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-020-02519-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fiza Komal ◽

Muhammad Kamran Khan ◽

Muhammad Imran ◽

Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad ◽

Haseeb Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Female Rats ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Hormonal Profile ◽

Epa And Dha

Abstract Background Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFAs) may help to improve health status in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by reducing numerous metabolic disorders (insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, lipid profile, obesity and inflammation). To evaluate the current objective, 16 weeks (6 weeks of adjustment period followed by 10 weeks of collection period) research trial was planned to check the impact of different sources of Ω-3 PUFAs (synthetic Ω-3, flaxseed and fish oil) on nutrient digestibility, weight gain, productive (lipid profile, glucose and insulin), reproductive profile (progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin) and histological study of ovarian tissues in Wistar female rats. Methods Forty-five rats of 130 ± 10 g weight were divided into 5 groups, each having 9 rats: NC (negative control without PCOS), PC (positive control with PCOS), SO (synthetic omega-3 containing ALA, EPA and DHA), FO (flaxseed oil) and F (fish oil) fed at 300 mg/kg/orally/daily of these sources were added in the basal diets while PC and NC received only the basal diet. Food and water were offered ad libitum. PCOS was induced in the rats fed of PC, SO, FO and F diets group by single intramuscular injection of estradiol-valerate (4 mg/rat/IM). Body weight and blood glucose was recorded weekly. At 16th week of trial, blood samples were collected for lipid and hormonal analysis. Ovarian tissues were removed for pathological evaluation. Digestibility was measured by total collection method. Results Cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins were reduced in SO, FO and F groups when compared with rats of PC group. However, increasing trend of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was found in same groups. The highest HDL (36.83 ± 0.72 mg/dL) was observed in rats fed F diet. In case of a hormonal profile, testosterone, LH and insulin levels showed a significant reduction after treatments. Blood glucose results showed significantly reducing trend in all the rats fed with Ω-3 PUFAs sources than PC from 5 to 10th week of trial. However, similar trend was noticed in rat’s body weight at the end of 6th week. In ovarian morphology, different stages of follicles were observed in groups fed SO, FO and F diets. Nutrient digestibility in PCOS induced rats was remained non-significant. Conclusions The three sources of Ω-3 PUFAs had effective role in improving lipid and hormonal profile, reducing blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages in PCOS rats. However, fish oil source might be an innovative approach to cure PCOS via reducing the weight and metabolic anomalies due to EPA and DHA.

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