scholarly journals Non-dietary factors associated with n-3 long-chain PUFA levels in humans – a systematic literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate H. M. de Groot ◽  
Rebecca Emmett ◽  
Barbara J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractNumerous health benefits are attributed to the n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA); EPA and DHA. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate factors, other than diet, that are associated with the n-3 LCPUFA levels. The inclusion criteria were papers written in English, carried out in adult non-pregnant humans, n-3 LCPUFA measured in blood or tissue, data from cross-sectional studies, or baseline data from intervention studies. The search revealed 5076 unique articles of which seventy were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three main groups of factors potentially associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were identified: (1) unmodifiable factors (sex, genetics, age), (2) modifiable factors (body size, physical activity, alcohol, smoking) and (3) bioavailability factors (chemically bound form of supplements, krill oil v. fish oil, and conversion of plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) to n-3 LCPUFA). Results showed that factors positively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were age, female sex (women younger than 50 years), wine consumption and the TAG form. Factors negatively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were genetics, BMI (if erythrocyte EPA and DHA levels are <5·6 %) and smoking. The evidence for girth, physical activity and krill oil v. fish oil associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels is inconclusive. There is also evidence that higher ALA consumption leads to increased levels of EPA but not DHA. In conclusion, sex, age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and the form of n-3 LCPUFA are all factors that need to be taken into account in n-3 LCPUFA research.

scholarly journals Serum n-3 long-chain PUFA differ by sex and age in a population-based survey of New Zealand adolescents and adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca L. Crowe ◽  
C. Murray Skeaff ◽  
Timothy J. Green ◽  
Andrew R. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Sex And Age Differences ◽  
Long Chain

A higher proportion of n-3 long-chain PUFA in tissue lipids has been associated with a lower risk of CVD and some cancers. Diet is an important predictor of n-3 long-chain PUFA composition; however, the importance of non-dietary factors such as sex and age is unclear. We measured the proportion of n-3 long-chain PUFA in serum phospholipid, cholesterol ester and TAG of 2793 New Zealanders 15 years or older who participated in the 1997 National Nutrition Survey to determine differences by sex and age. Women had lower proportions of EPA and docosapentaenoic acid in phospholipid, by 0·07 (P = 0·004) and 0·10 (P < 0·001) mol%, respectively, and a higher proportion of DHA by 0·16 mol% (P = 0·001) compared with men. Intake of fish fat did not differ between men and women. There was a positive association between age and the proportion of EPA and DHA in phospholipid (P < 0·001). The sex differences in EPA and DHA were similar at all ages. Similar sex and age differences in serum cholesterol ester n-3 long-chain PUFA were found; only age differences were found in serum TAG. Sex and age differences in n-3 long-chain PUFA occur in the general population. Men and women may need to be considered separately when examining the association between disease risk and biomarkers of n-3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals Gene-Environment Interactions Between PPARG2 Variant and Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Cancer RIsk: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1496-1496
Author(s):  
Lieu Tran ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Gayatri Arani ◽  
Zhenzhen Zhang ◽  
Jackilen Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Dietary Factors

Abstract Objectives A genetic variant in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG2 Pro12Ala; rs1801282) has been linked to both carcinogenesis and lifestyle factors such as energy balance and fat intake and identified as modifiers of risk in several different cancers. However, to date, no systematic review has been conducted. We conducted a systematic literature review to summarize the current evidence on whether associations between lifestyle factors and risk of cancer are modified by the PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of studies published before July 2019 using the PubMed database. We included observational studies that: 1) included diet, anthropometrics and physical activity as lifestyle factors; 2) had the risk of incident cancer in any site as an outcome; 3) included controls (participants free of cancer); and 4) reported a statistical significance of interaction effects between the PPARG2 variant and lifestyle factors. Results After applying the inclusion criteria to 3424 identified abstracts, 14 studies of cancers in colon/rectum (n = 6), breast (n = 3), prostate (n = 3), pancreas (n = 1) and endometrium (n = 1) were selected, which included a total of 22,267 participants with 9290 cancer cases. Alcohol consumption had a statistically significant interaction with the PPARG2 variant in all three studies of colorectal and breast cancers investigating this interaction. Dietary factors such as fried food intake, refined grain intake, dietary vitamin A intake, lutein intake and Prudent dietary pattern significantly interacted with the PPARG2 variant, whereas other dietary factors such as dietary fat and meat intakes did not. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and physical activity level did not significantly interact with the PPARG2 variant in all six studies of colorectal, breast, prostate, pancreatic and endometrial cancers, except for one study on body mass index and prostate cancer. Conclusions Our systematic review shows statistically significant, although inconsistent, interactions between PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant and lifestyle factors on cancer risk. This suggests that lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention may need to be tailored based on genetic factors such as PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant. Funding Sources This study was funded by the OHSU/OSU Cancer Prevention and Control Initiative.

scholarly journals Policy Evaluation Network (PEN): Protocol for systematic literature review examining the evidence for impact of school policies on physical activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Kevin Volf ◽  
Liam Kelly ◽  
Enrique García Bengoechea ◽  
Blathin Casey ◽  
Anna Gobis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Global Action ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Action Plan

Introduction: Over 40 million deaths annually are due to noncommunicable diseases, 15 million of these are premature deaths and physical inactivity attributes an estimated 9% to this figure. Global responses have included the sustainable development goals and the global action plan on physical activity. Both point to policy action in physical activity (PA) to address change, yet the impact of policy is unknown.  The protocol described outlines a systematic literature review that will be undertaken by the Policy Evaluation Network to address this knowledge gap. Protocol: This review of school PA policies is the first of seven planned reviews. The seven best investments for promotion of population PA identified in the Toronto Charter (whole-of-school programmes, transport policy, urban design policy, primary health care policy, public education policy, community programmes and sport programmes) will form the basis of these reviews. Seven individual scientific literature searches across six electronic databases, using key concepts of policy, PA, evaluation and a distinct concept for each area will be conducted. This will be supplemented with a search of the reference list of included articles. Methodological quality will be assessed and overall effectiveness for each included study will be described according to pre-determined categories. Conclusions: The review will provide policy makers with a list of policy statements and corresponding actions which the evidence has determined impact on PA directly or indirectly. By collating the evidence, and demonstrating the depth of the science base which informs these policy recommendations, this review will provide guidance to policymakers to use evidence-based or evidence-informed policies to achieve the 15% relative reduction in physical inactivity as defined by the ‘Global Action Plan on Physical Activity’. Registration:  PROSPERO CRD42020156630 (10/07/2020).

scholarly journals Krill Oil Has Different Effects on the Plasma Lipidome Compared with Fish Oil Following 30 Days of Supplementation in Healthy Women: A Randomized Controlled and Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2804
Author(s):  
Hyunsin H. Sung ◽  
Andrew J. Sinclair ◽  
Kevin Huynh ◽  
Adam A. T. Smith ◽  
Natalie A. Mellett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lipidomic Analysis ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Lipid Molecular Species ◽  
Long Chain

This is a follow-up of our previous postprandial study and it focused on the plasma lipidomic responses to 30 days of krill oil (KO) versus fish oil (FO) supplementations in healthy women. Eleven women (aged 18–50 years) consumed KO or FO for 30 days in a randomized, cross-over study, with at least a four-week washout period between supplementations. The daily supplements provided 1.27 g/day of long-chain (LC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from KO (containing 0.76 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 0.42 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and 1.44 g/day from FO (containing 0.79 g EPA, 0.47 g DHA). Fasting plasma samples at days 0, 15, and 30 were analyzed using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. KO resulted in a significantly greater relative area under the curve (relAUC) for plasma EPA after 30 days. Lipidomic analysis showed that 26 of 43 lipid molecular species had a significantly greater relAUC in the KO group, while 17/43 showed a significantly lower relAUC compared with the FO group. More than 38% of the lipids species which increased more following KO contained omega-3 PUFA, while where FO was greater than KO, only 12% contained omega-3 PUFA. These data show that KO and FO do not have equivalent effects on the plasma lipidome.

Role of telerehabilitation in patients following total knee arthroplasty: Evidence from a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Shukla ◽  
SR Nair ◽  
D Thakker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Knee

Introduction Increased physical activity and functional ability are the goals of total knee replacement surgery. Therefore, adequate rehabilitation is required for the recovery of patients after discharge from hospital following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of home telerehabilitation in patients who underwent TKA. Methods Studies published in the English language between 2000 and 2014 were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane databases using relevant search strategies. Two researchers independently reviewed the studies as per the Cochrane methodology for systematic literature review. We considered telerehabilitation sessions as those that were conducted by experienced physiotherapists, using videoconferencing to patients’ homes via an internet connection. The outcomes assessed included: knee movement (knee extension and flexion); quadriceps muscle strength; functional assessment (the timed up-and-go test); and assessment of pain, stiffness, and functional capacity using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and visual analogue scale for pain. Results In total, 160 potentially relevant studies were screened. Following the screening of studies as abstracts and full-text publications, six primary publications (four randomized controlled trials, one non-randomized controlled trial, and one single-arm trial) were included in the review. Patients experienced high levels of satisfaction with the use of telerehabilitation alone. There was no significant difference in change in active knee extension and flexion in the home telerehabilitation group as compared to the control group (mean difference (MD) −0.52, 95% CI −1.39 to 0.35, p = 0.24 and MD 1.14, 95% CI −0.61 to 2.89, p = 0.20, respectively). The patients in the home telerehabilitation group showed improvement in physical activity and functional status similar to patients in the conventional therapy group. Discussion The evidence from this systematic literature review demonstrated that telerehabilitation is a practical alternative to conventional face-to-face rehabilitation therapy in patients who underwent TKA.

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