scholarly journals The glycolipids from the non-capsulated strain of Pneumococcus I-192R, A.T.C.C. 12213

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Brundish ◽  
N Shaw ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Glycerol Moiety ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Acetate Form ◽  
General Method

1. The total lipid was extracted from the non-capsulated strain of Pneumococcus I-192R, A.T.C.C. 12213, with chloroform-methanol mixtures. Two glycolipids were isolated by chromatography on silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose (acetate form). 2. The major glycolipid was obtained pure in a yield of 640mg./34g. dry wt. of cells and represents about 34% of the total lipid. It contained galactose, glucose, glycerol and fatty acid ester residues in the proportions 1:1:1:2, and yielded on saponification a crystalline non-reducing glycoside. 3. The structure of the glycoside was shown to be O-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1)-d-glycerol. The fatty acids obtained on saponification were identified by gas-liquid partition chromatography of their methyl esters. 4. The minor glycolipid was obtained as a 1:1 (w/w) mixture with the major component, but after saponification the two glycosides were separated by paper chromatography. Evidence was obtained for the structure of the glycoside derived from the minor glycolipid as 1-O-alpha-d-glucosylglycerol. 5. A general method is described for determining the stereochemistry of the glycerol moiety in 1-linked glycerol glycosides.

Lipids of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) from North Atlantic waters. IV. Fin whale milk

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton ◽  
S. N. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fatty acid compositions were determined for total lipid (17.5% of the milk and > 95% triglycerides), 2-monoglyceride obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of isolated triglyceride, and isolated phospholipid (~1% of total lipids). The total lipid fatty acids of the milk had a composition similar to fin whale depot fat but were enriched in hexadecanoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids at the expense of monoethylenic acids; correspondingly the iodine value of 136 (methyl esters) was higher than the normal range (105–120) of North Atlantic fin whale blubber oils. Over 80% of the fatty acids in the 2-position of the triglycerides were accounted for by relatively short chain fatty acids, especially hexadecanoic (54.6%), tetradecanoic (13.7%), and hexadecenoic (11.2%), so that the ester iodine value was only 48. The milk phospholipids had a fatty acid composition basically similar to that of liver phospholipids (methyl ester iodine value 120) with somewhat more polyunsaturated fatty acids and accordingly an iodine value of 144 for methyl esters.

Variations in the fatty acid compositions of the liver and gonad tissue of spiny eel (Mastacembelus mastacembelus) from Atatürk Dam Lake

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Kaçar ◽  
Mehmet Başhan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Atatürk Dam Lake ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

AbstractObjective:The aim of the study was to investigate quantitative and qualitative fatty acid profiles of the gonad and liver tissue of femaleMethods:Total lipids were extracted with 5 mL of chloroform-methanol (2:1 v/v). Samples containing gonad and liver lipid were transesterified with acidified methanol. The fatty acid methyl esters were extracted with hexane. Fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography (GC).Results:The major saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) in both gonad and liver tissue. Oleic acid (C18:1 ω-9) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1 ω-7) were the prominent monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). The dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 ω-6), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 ω-6), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 ω-3) and docoesahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3). The ratio of ω-3/ω-6 ranged from 1.55 to 3.44 and 1.18 to 2.71 in the gonad and liver tissue, respectively.Conclusion:The findings of this study will be useful for understanding the seasonal distribution of fatty acid composition in the liver and gonad of spiny eel.

scholarly journals The glycolipids of Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469

1968 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shaw ◽  
K. Heatherington ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Lactobacillic Acid ◽  
Acetate Form

1. The lipids were extracted from Lactobacillus casei A.T.C.C. 7469 with chloroform–methanol mixtures. The glycolipids were obtained by chromatography on silicic acid and DEAE-cellulose (acetate form). 2. Hydrolysis of the glycolipids with alkali gave two glycerol glycosides and a mixture of fatty acids. 3. The glycosides were separated and their structures elucidated. The major component was O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-glycerol and the minor component O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-glycerol. 4. Analysis of the fatty acids by gas–liquid chromatography showed that they were predominantly palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and lactobacillic acid.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga Laminaria hyperborea, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Oksdøl Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Inclusion of rapeseed and pumpkin seed cakes in diets for Murciano-Granadina goats alters the fatty acid profile of milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
I.M. Boldea ◽  
C. Dragomir ◽  
M.A. Gras ◽  
M. Ropotă
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Lactating Goats

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of including oil-rich feedstuffs in diets for lactating goats on the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. Thirty-six Murciano-Granadina goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, namely a control diet (CTRL), a diet based on whole rapeseed (RS), and a diet based on pumpkin seed cake (PSC). The diets were composed of 1 kg hay (70 % Italian ryegrass, 30% alfalfa) and 1.24 kg concentrate, and were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Milk yield and its contents of protein, fat and lactose did not differ significantly among the groups. However, including oil-rich feeds in the diet altered the fatty acid profile of the milk significantly, decreasing its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and increasing its content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Effects on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the n-6 to n-3 ratio depended on the source of dietary lipids. The PSC augmented diet increased the relative amount of PUFAs and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in milk (+25 %) significantly In comparison with CTRL, whereas the RS diet produced a limited and statistically insignificant increase (+7.5%). The concentration of CLA was higher in milk from does fed the PSC diet, whereas the n-6 to n-3 ratio was lower in milk from does fed RS. These preliminary results form the basis for developing premium dairy products that are enriched in fatty acids that are more favourable for human health.

scholarly journals Content and composition of lipid classes, fatty acid from \(\textit{Sargassum}\) seaweed collected at Con Dao and Van Phong bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Thu Hue Pham ◽  
Van Tuyen Anh Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Yen Kieu Thi Hoang ◽  
Nguyen Nguyen ◽  
Hai Nam Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Fresh Weight

This study studied the content and composition of the total lipid, lipid classes and fatty acids in 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species collected from Con Dao and Van Phong, Vietnam. The total lipid has a low content and varies among species from 0.10–1.70% of the fresh weight. From 13 species, seven lipid classes including polar lipid (Pol), free fatty acids (FFA), sterol (ST), hydrocarbon and wax (HW), triacylglycerol (TG), diacylglycerol (DG), and monoalkydiacylglycerol (MADG). Using the GC-FID technique, we have identified 29 fatty acids classified into 3 groups of saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids with an average content of 44.93%, 24.57% and 27.44%, respectively. Among those, many value fatty acids have been detected with high content such as C18:3n-3, C20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. The lipid of 13 brown seaweed Sargassum species also fully contains omega-3,6,9 fatty acids with the content of 9.28%, 16.28% and 16.63%, respectively.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE COMPONENT OF LIPID CLASSES, FATTY ACID, AMINO ACIDS FROM EGG AND BODY OF SEA URCHIN TRIPNEUSTES GRATILLA (LINNAEUS, 1758)

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4A) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kim Hoa Thi Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Tripneustes Gratilla

ABSTRACT – HCTN 06The Sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species of invertebrate member of the phylum Echinodermata of marine animals living in shallow tropical water. In Viet Nam, it is usually called by the name of yellow sea urchin. This species is mentioned much about its economic and commerce properties. Recently, many researchers have been paying attention to sea urchin because of its positive effect on human health. In terms of medicine and nutrition, the egg of yellow sea urchin was rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and essential amino acids. In this research, we focused on determining the total lipid contents, the components of lipid classes and the compositions and contents of fatty acids, amino acids from the body and the egg of the yellow sea urchin T. gratilla (Linnaeus, 1758) collected in Hon Tam, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam in 2016. Although the yellow sea urchin T. gratilla has low percentage of total lipid in fresh weigh basis, they are full of essential lipid ingredients such as Wax and Hydrocabon (H + W), Triacylglycerol (TG), Monodiacylglycerol MDAG, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), sterol (ST), and Polar Lipid (PL). In both egg and body samples palmitic acid (16:0) was the most abundant fatty acid with the proportion of about 25%. In addition, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) is dominent Omega-6 fatty acid in the Monounsaturated Fatty Acid group (MUFA). Furthermore, the research result also showed the very high percentages of omega-3 fatty acids in the egg and body of T. gratilla, with the total contents of 13.97% and 20.67% respectively, especially the presence of eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (C20:5n-3, EPA), a very valuable fatty acid. By the HPLC method, the research also found 17 amino acids in the egg and body of T. gratilla with the existence of 7 essential amino acids.Keywords: Tripneustes gratilla, lipid classes, yellow sea urchin, echinodermata, fatty acid content. 

212 Fatty Acid Analysis and Composition in Meat by Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Thu Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Technology

Abstract Fatty acids determine the physical and chemical properties of fats. Animal fats, regardless of species, have more saturated and monounsaturated than polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids in meat are palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), palmitoleic (16:1), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids, among which oleic acid is the most predominant. Arachidonic acid (20:4 cis 5,8,11,14) is an essential fatty acid only found in animal fats and can be used as a quality control indicator in the fatty acid analysis. Fatty acid analysis has been traditionally performed by gas chromatography (GC) of volatile fatty acid derivatives, prominently the methyl esters, and flame ionization detection (FID), in which the carbon chain of fatty acids is degraded to the formylium ion CHO+. The FID is very sensitive and is the most widely used detection method for GC, providing a linear response, i.e., peak area, over a wide range of concentrations. Researchers have been used the FID peak area to calculate the percentages of fatty acids. However, the FID is a “carbon counter” and relies on the “equal per carbon” rule; therefore, at the same molar concentration, fatty acids with a different number of carbons produce different peak areas. The recent development of mass spectrometry technology has improved the specificity of fatty acid detection. Specific target and qualifier ions provide better identification and more accurate quantification of fatty acid concentrations. Although fatty acids can be identified through comparing ion fragmentation with various databases, authentic standards are needed for quantification purposes. Using mass spectrometry, more than 50 fatty acids have been identified in meat samples. Some branched-chain fatty acids may have flavor, safety, and shelf life implications in meat products.

Analysis of Lipids Produced by Microalgae Isolated from the Area around Okinawa, Japan

2017 ◽  
pp. 222-233
Author(s):  
Shinya Ikematsu ◽  
Ipputa Tada ◽  
Yasuma Nagasaki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Petroleum Reserves

Petroleum reserves have been decreasing in recent years and microalgae are attractive as a potential source of new biomass petroleum. Microalgae are unicellar microscopic algae and most species microalgae produce lipids. In particular, Botryococcus braunii produces large amount of lipids found with nearly 70% on the basis of the dry weight. This chapter reviews high lipid-producing microalgae found from Okinawa area around National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (NIT, Okinawa). The microalgae collected were isolated on an AF-6 agar plates, and incubated in AF-6 medium. The fatty acids were extracted from the algae, converted into fatty acid methyl esters, and analysed by GC/MS. As a result, two microalgae strains were identified that the produced fatty acids was loaded in the algae with nearly 20% in the dry weight base. In addition, these two microalgae strains produced palmitic acid as nearly 40% of the total produced lipids. Therefore, the two microalga strains isolated are potentially and highly efficient for the organisms applied for the production of biodiesel fuel.

scholarly journals Identification of Elongase Genes Mediating Branched Chain Fatty Acid Elongation (P08-108-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sesha Durga Kumar Kothapalli ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Dong Hao Wang ◽  
Hui Gyu Park ◽  
Yuanyuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Saturated branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) terminating with either an isopropyl or sec-butyl group, are common bioactive food components consumed from beef, fish, and dairy products. Little is known about their endogenous metabolism and the enzymes mediating their interconversion. Our main objective was to test the substrate specificity of the fatty acid elongases (ELOVL1–7) towards elongation of representative BCFA, anteiso-15:0 and iso-18:0. We also assessed competition between BCFA and normal saturated fatty acid (n-SFA). Methods MCF7 human breast cancer cells are used for functional studies. PcDNA3.1 expression vector was used to clone seven open reading frames of ELOVL transcripts (ELOVL1–7). MCF7 cells were transiently transfected with specific ELOVL1–7 transgene vector or empty vector (control). After 24 h incubation, the transfected MCF7 cells were treated with BSA-bound substrates. After additional 24 h incubation, cells were harvested by trypsinization, fatty acid methyl esters prepared and analyzed quantitatively by GC-FID. Fatty acid composition was characterized by gas chromatography (GC) –electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) and EIMS/MS for branched carbon chain. Results Transient transfection of ELOVL1–7 into MCF7 cells show that ELOVL6 had highest activity towards elongation of anteiso-15:0→anteiso-17:0, followed by ELOVL5 which showed moderate activity. ELOVL3 was found to be most active ELOVL mediating elongation of iso-18:0→iso-20:0. Our competition results show in ELOVL6 cells anteiso-15:0 competes with n-SFA n-16:0, whereas, in ELOVL3 cells iso-18:0 competes with n-18:0. Conclusions The elongation of anteiso-15:0 and iso-18:0 BCFA is predominantly operated by the ELOVL6 and ELOVL3, respectively that are well known to operate on normal saturated fatty acids, rather than the ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 which operate on lower-melting polyunsaturated fatty acids. The competition between BCFA and n-SFA for ELOVL1–7 mediated elongation may have implications in the skin, sebaceous, and meibomian glands where both normal and BCFA are present at comparable levels. Funding Sources NIH grant R01 AT007003.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document