scholarly journals Lipid oxidation by heart mitochondria from young adult and senescent rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Hansford
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Carnitine Acetyltransferase ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
First Order ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Age Groups

1. State-3 (i.e. ADP-stimulated) rates of O2 uptake with palmitoylcarnitine, palmitoyl-CoA plus carnitine, pyruvate plus malonate plus carnitine and octanoate as respiratory substrate were all diminished in heart mitochondria isolated from senescent (24-month-old) rats compared with mitochondria from young adults (6 months old). By contrast, State-3 rates of O2 uptake with pyruvate plus malate or glutamate plus malate were the same for mitochondria from each age group. 2. Measurements of enzyme activities in disrupted mitochondria showed a decline with senescence in the activity of acyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.2 and 6.2.1.3), carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) and 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35), but no change in the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21) or acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3). 3. Measurement of dl-[3H]carnitine (in)/acetyl-l-carnitine (out) exchange in intact mitochondria showed decreased rates when the animals used were senescent. However, this followed from a decreased intramitochondrial pool of exchangeable carnitine, such that calculated first-order rate constants for exchange were identical in mitochondria from the two age groups. 4. The decline in acyl-CoA synthetase activity is thought to be the reason for the diminished rate of O2 uptake with octanoate in senescence. The decline in carnitine acetyltransferase activity is considered to be the cause of the diminished rate of O2 uptake with acetylcarnitine or with pyruvate plus malonate plus carnitine as substrate. The mechanism of the diminished rate of O2 uptake with palmitoylcarnitine in senescence is discussed.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF BLOOD PRESSURE OF DIFFERENT AGE PATIENTS GROUPS WITH HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES TYPE II AFTER CORRECTION OF CAROTID STENOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1011
Author(s):  
Igor I. Kobza ◽  
Oksana Z. Didenko ◽  
Ostap G. Yavorskyi ◽  
Тaras I. Kobza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carotid Stenosis ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diabetes Type Ii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Age Groups ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: hypertension and diabetes remain the main risk factors for stroke, which leads to premature disability and mortality. The aim: To study the dynamics of blood pressure (BP) in patients of different age groups with hypertension and diabetes type II before and after carotid endarterectomy. Materials and methods: 90 patients with hypertension and diabetes type II were selected for CE. Patients are divided into two age groups: up to 65 years (group 1) and after 65 years (group 2). We assessed the dynamics of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The examination was carried out 2 days before and 6 months after surgery. CE was conducted under local anaesthesia. Results: Before operation in patients in group 2, there was a significantly higher level of average systolic BP per 24 hours (p <0.02), per day (p <0.01), per night (p <0.01) and diastolic BP per night (p <0,01). At the preoperative stage, there was a significant increase in the parameters of the variability of BP, but the increase in the variability of BP with age was not fixed. After surgery, patients with Group 1 observed a more significant positive dynamics of ABPM indices than patients in Group 2. In two age groups, the percentage of patients with an insufficient reduction of BP at night was prevalent. Conclusions: Surgical treatment of carotid stenosis is associated with a steady decrease in BP in the distant period after CE. Significant regression of BP is characteristic for patients of the younger age group.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

scholarly journals Differences in Treatment Outcomes and Prognosis between Elderly and Younger Patients Receiving Definitive Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4510
Author(s):  
PeiYu Hou ◽  
ChenHsi Hsieh ◽  
MingChow Wei ◽  
ShengMou Hsiao ◽  
PeiWei Shueng
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Definitive Radiotherapy ◽  
Regional Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Age Groups

The aim was to compare the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of cervical cancer between elderly and younger women, and to explore which treatment strategy is more appropriate for elderly patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients with cervical cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy (RT) between 2007 and 2016, and divided them into two age groups: age < 70 vs. age ≥ 70. The clinical outcomes were compared between the two age groups. The median follow-up was 32.2 months. A total of 123 patients were eligible, 83 patients in group 1 (age < 70), and 40 patients in group 2 (age ≥ 70). Patients in group 2 received less intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT) application, less total RT dose, and less concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and tended to have more limited external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) volume. The treatment outcomes between the age groups revealed significant differences in 5-year overall survival (OS), but no differences in 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS), 66.2% vs. 64.5%, and other loco-regional control. In multivariate analyses for all patients, the performance status, pathology with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and ICRT application were prognostic factors of CSS. The elderly patients with cervical cancer had comparable CSS and loco-regional control rates, despite receiving less comprehensive treatment. Conservative treatment strategies with RT alone could be appropriate for patients aged ≥ 70 y/o, especially for those with favorable stages or histopathology.

Intrafascicular Injection of Ammonium Sulfate and Bupivacaine in Peripheral Nerves of Neonatal and Juvenile Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Catherine Hertl ◽  
Patricia K. Hagberg ◽  
Daniel A. Hunter ◽  
Susan E. Mackinnon ◽  
Jacob C. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nerve Blocks ◽  
Provide Pain Relief ◽  
Group A ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Track Analysis

Background and ObjectivesRegional nerve blocks are often used for the treatment of postoperative pain in children. Ammonium sulfate is a non-narcotic anesthetic agent, which has been reported to provide pain relief lasting days to weeks, with few reported side effects in adult studies. Prior to considering clinical use in children, the neurotoxicity of ammonium sulfate in 4-day and 3-week old rats was assessed and compared with that of bupivacaine.MethodsEach rat received a posterior tibial nerve intrafascicular injection (0.01 mL in 4-day-old and 0.02 mL in 3-week-old rats) using either 10% ammonium sulfate (n = 24 per age group), 0.5% bupivacaine (n = 18 per age group), 0.9% saline (n = 18 per age group), or 5% phenol (n = 18 per age group). A functional assessment by serial walking track analysis and a morphologic assessment by neurohistology were made.ResultsNo abnormalities in serial walking track analysis and no structural nerve damage were detected after ammonium sulfate, bupivacaine, or saline injection. Bupivacaine caused mild focal changes in both age groups, which recovered by 8 weeks.ConclusionsIntrafascicular injection of ammonium sulfate was as safe as bupivacaine in this animal model. Further animal studies must be made before human trials are initiated.

scholarly journals Dynamic Smile Visualization and Quantification in different age groups

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Harshitha V. ◽  
M.S. Ravi ◽  
Reshma Raveendran ◽  
Raed Saeed ◽  
Kiran Kumar C.
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Buccal Corridor ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Aims and Objectives: To assess the posed and dynamic smile and to compare the various attributes of smile in frontal, oblique and sagittal dimensions, in two different age groups (10- 15years and 18-25 years). Materials and Methods: The posed and dynamic smile parameters were measured using digital video clips in 80 subjects of two different age groups (10-15years and 18-25 years). Total of 15 parameters were studied in 3 planes of space. The data was analysed using student`s t-test to compare smile parameters across the age groups, paired t-test was used to analyse the parameters of posed and unposed smile within the same age group and chi-square test was performed for the discrete data. Results: The present study revealed significant differences in dynamic smile parameters between the two age groups. The parameters like Philtrum height and Smile index are more in older age group whereas the buccal corridor was more in younger age group. Significant differences were also recorded in various parameters in both the groups when the posted smile is compared with that of the dynamic smile. Conclusion: In both the age groups, the dynamic and posed smile attributes are significantly different, except for buccal corridor and interlabial gap.

Character introductions in oral narratives of Swedish–German bilingual preschoolers

2020 ◽  
pp. 014272371989744
Author(s):  
Josefin Lindgren ◽  
Valerie Reichardt ◽  
Ute Bohnacker
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Information Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Old Swedish ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Two Age Groups

Closely related Swedish and German both mark information status of referents morphologically, though little is known about its acquisition. This study investigates character introductions in the narratives of 4- and 6-year-old Swedish–German bilinguals ( N = 40) in both languages, elicited with MAIN Cat/Dog. We analyse effects of age group, language and animacy (human vs nonhuman characters) on the type of referring expression (indefinite NP and pronoun), as well as effects of language proficiency and exposure on the use of indefinite NPs for each language. We also explore which syntactic constructions indefinite NPs occur in. A significant difference was found between the two age groups, but not between languages. No effect was found of language skills or exposure. Four-year-olds used more pronouns and a lower proportion of indefinite NPs than 6-year-olds. Pronouns were more frequent for the human character than for nonhuman animate characters. Whilst animacy (humanness) promoted the use of pronouns, it did not affect the choice of morphological form for lexical NPs (indefinite/definite). The age groups differed in how indefinite NPs were used. Four-year-olds produced fewer narrative presentations (where a character is introduced as part of a typical story opening, e.g. Once upon a time there was a cat) than 6-year-olds, and more labellings (with only an NP, or a clausal predicative, e.g. That’s a cat). Qualitative analyses suggest that the children’s indefinite NPs in labelling constructions can be both referential (when setting the narrative scene), and type-denoting (when naming referents in individual pictures). Whilst the children’s abilities to introduce story characters develop measurably from 4 to 6 years in Swedish and German, appropriateness of character introductions not only depends on whether an indefinite NP is chosen, but also on the syntactic construction this indefinite NP is used in.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Surgery in the Older Population: A Single Institution’s Experience over Two Decades

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaumik Brahmbhatt ◽  
Abhishek Bhurwal ◽  
Frank J. Lukens ◽  
Mauricia A. Buchanan ◽  
John A. Stauffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Resection ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pancreatic Resections ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Younger Patient ◽  
Two Age Groups

Objectives. Surgery is the most effective treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, present literature varies on outcomes of curative pancreatic resection in the elderly. The objective of the study was to evaluate age as an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality and complications after pancreatic resection. Methods. Nine hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent 934 pancreatic resections between March 1995 and July 2014 in a tertiary care center. Primary analyses focused on outcomes in terms of 90-day mortality and postoperative complications after pancreatic resection in these two age groups. Results. Even though patients aged 75 years or older had significantly more postoperative morbidities compared with the younger patient group, the age group was not associated with increased risk of 90-day mortality after pancreatic resection. Discussion. The study suggests that age alone should not preclude patients from undergoing curative pancreatic resection.

scholarly journals On a System Modelling a Population with Two Age Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Gao ◽  
Ruyun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Principal Eigenvalue ◽  
Linear Part ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
First Order ◽  
Existence And Nonexistence ◽  
Linearized System ◽  
Two Age Groups

A system of first order ordinary differential equations describing a population divided into juvenile and adult age groups is studied. The system is not cooperative but its linear part is, and this makes it possible to establish the existence and nonexistence results of positive solutions for the system in terms of the principal eigenvalue of the corresponding linearized system.

Learned Helplessness in Physical Education: A Developmental Study of Causal Attributions and Task Persistence

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Martinek ◽  
Joseph B. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Task Persistence ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Two Age Groups ◽  
And Task

The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of age on specific psychological and behavioral measures of learned-helpless and mastery-oriented students. The study consisted of two age groups, younger and older, of learned-helplessness and mastery-oriented students. Within each age group, learned-helpless and mastery-oriented students were compared in terms of attributional profiles and levels of task persistence during instruction. Students were asked to view videotapes of their performances, to describe how they thought they did on each task, and to give reasons for their performance. Responses were classified into four attributional categories: (a) ability, (b) effort, (c) task difficulty, and (d) environment or luck. Persistence was also determined by looking at the number of times students would attempt a task. Attributional profiles and task persistence associated with the leamed-helpless condition was more prevalent with the older group than with the younger group.

The changing face of cancer in the elderly—Only a demographic change?

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18597-18597
Author(s):  
Y. Rottenberg ◽  
T. Peretz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Two Age Groups

18597 Background: In industrial countries, the cancer burden of the elderly is high and is increased. One reason is longer life expectancy. Increasing age standardized rates of cancer in this age group compared to younger groups may also explain this phenomenon. Methods: Two age groups were examined, above and below 65 years. Each age group was further divided into men and women. The age standardized rates for all cancers combined among the Jewish population in Israel were identified through the Israel Cancer Registry during the years 1973–2002. In addition, lung and colorectal cancers according to sexes, prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women were examined. Results: Between the first 5 years of the study (1973–1977) and the last 5 years (1998–2002) the age standardized rates for all cancers combined were raised by about one third in the two age groups. In males, the overall change was higher in the older group (42% in men aged 65 years and older compared to 31% in men younger than 65). However, the rise in the younger group was more prominent in females (42% in women younger than 65 years compared to 33 % in women aged 65 and older). The most outstanding increase was in prostate cancer in men, but mainly in the younger group (176% in the older group and 368% in the younger group) followed by breast cancer in women, more prominent in the older group (64% in the older group and 50% in the younger group). In both sexes, more noticeable increases were noted in the older groups in colorectal cancer and in lung cancer. Between the years 1993–1997 and 1998–2002 shifts towards stabilization and even a decrease was noted in some of the cancers that were examined. In men aged 65 years and older rates for all cancers combined were decreased by 2.5%, among the specific tumors and a decrease was noted in lung cancer (6.7%) and prostate cancer (5.8%). The rates for all cancers combined among the older women were slightly decreasing (2.0%). No decrease was noted in the specific tumors in this group. Among the younger groups in both sexes, no decrease (defined >0.5%) was noted. Conclusions: These data argue against the hypothesis that the overall change in the cancer burden in the aged could be also explained by differences changes in the risk of developing cancer between these two age groups. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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