scholarly journals Effect of Chaihu-jia-Longgu-Muli decoction on withdrawal symptoms in rats with methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifa Li ◽  
Yuchen Qi ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Yiming Cao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Low Dosage ◽  
Preference Experiment

Traditional Chinese medicine detoxification prescription Chaihu-jia-Longgu-Muli decoction (CLMD) relieves depressive symptoms in patients withdrawing from methamphetamine. In this study, we assessed the effects of CLMD on methamphetamine withdrawal in rats. A methamphetamine-intoxicated rat model was established. Rats were randomly divided into the control, model, high-dosage, medium-dosage, and low-dosage groups, receiving high, medium, and low doses of CLMD, respectively. Weekly body weight measurements revealed that rats treated with methamphetamine had the lowest body weight. The conditioned place preference experiment revealed that methamphetamine-intoxicated rats stayed significantly longer in the drug-paired chamber than the control rats. However, after administering high-dosage CLMD, the amount of time the rats spent in the drug-paired chamber was significantly less than that of the model rats. Our open-field test revealed that the model group had lower crossing and rearing scores than the control group. Additionally, rats that received CLMD treatment exhibited higher crossing and rearing scores than the model rats. Striatal DA, 5-HT, and β-EP and serum IL-1α and IL-2 concentrations were estimated. Rats in the model group had lower striatal DA, 5-HT, and β-EP and higher serum IL-1α and IL-2 concentrations than those in the control group. High-dosage CLMD administration significantly changed the concentrations of these molecules, such that they approached normal concentrations. In general, CLMD could prevent the development of methamphetamine-induced withdrawal symptoms in rats by increasing the DA, 5-HT, and β-EP and lowering the IL-1α and IL-2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Bulleyaconitine A Inhibits Morphine-Induced Withdrawal Symptoms, Conditioned Place Preference, and Locomotor Sensitization Via Microglial Dynorphin A Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jing Zhao ◽  
Mi-Ya Wang ◽  
Le Ma ◽  
Khalil Ali Ahmad ◽  
Yong-Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Locomotor Sensitization ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dynorphin A

Bulleyaconitine A (BAA), a C19-diterpenoid alkaloid, has been prescribed as a nonnarcotic analgesic to treat chronic pain over four decades in China. The present study investigated its inhibition in morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization, and then explored the underlying mechanisms of actions. Multiple daily injections of morphine but not BAA up to 300 μg/kg/day into mice evoked naloxone-induced withdrawal symptoms (i.e., shakes, jumps, genital licks, fecal excretion and body weight loss), CPP expression, and locomotor sensitization. Single subcutaneous BAA injection (30–300 μg/kg) dose-dependently and completely attenuated morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, with ED50 values of 74.4 and 105.8 μg/kg in shakes and body weight loss, respectively. Subcutaneous BAA (300 μg/kg) also totally alleviated morphine-induced CPP acquisition and expression and locomotor sensitization. Furthermore, subcutaneous BAA injection also specifically stimulated dynorphin A expression in microglia but not astrocytes or neurons in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampal, measured for gene and protein expression and double immunofluorescence staining. In addition, subcutaneous BAA-inhibited morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms and CPP expression were totally blocked by the microglial metabolic inhibitor minocycline, dynorphin A antiserum, or specific KOR antagonist GNTI, given intracerebroventricularly. These results, for the first time, illustrate that BAA attenuates morphine-induced withdrawal symptoms, CPP expression, and locomotor sensitization by stimulation of microglial dynorphin A expression in the brain, suggesting that BAA may be a potential candidate for treatment of opioids-induced physical dependence and addiction.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Intervention of Curcumin on Interleukin-6 and Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat Toxicity of Lung and Liver in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1737-1748
Author(s):  
Nagla El-Nabarawy ◽  
Ahmed Gouda ◽  
Ezzeldin Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Paraquat Toxicity ◽  
Liver Tissues

Redox equilibrium is altered due to elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inadequate antioxidant defense, therapeutic effects of natural antioxidant such as curcumin (CMN) have been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of curcumin (a natural polyphenol) on oxidative status of lung and liver and assessment of level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats against paraquat toxicity. Forty adult male wistar rats were divided into five groups with eight animals each as followed: Group 1: control, Group 2: rats received olive oil. Group 3: rats received curcumin (CMN) (200 mg/kg body weight in olive oil) orally. Group 4 (model group): rats were given a single oral dose of paraquat (PQ) 50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in distilled water intra-peritoneally (I.P) Group 5: rats received CMN orally daily for 10 days prior to PQ administration with the same previous doses and after PQ. After forty eight hours of PQ administration, rats were sacrificed and lung and liver tissues samples were examined for detection of biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. Significant histopathological changes had resulted from PQ administration in lung and liver tissues in addition to significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), and significant decrease of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR). However, treatment with CMN produced increasing antioxidant markers and depletion of MDA compared to the model group. Also there is significant increase in serum IL-6 after PQ administration compared to control group. However, the level of IL-6 significantly decreased in treated group with curcumin compared to the model group. Curcumin possesses remarkable protection of the altered lung and liver tissues in paraquat intoxicated rats and could reduce the damaging effect by increasing antioxidant activity and decreasing lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and IL-6.

Conditioned place preference of kisspeptin-10

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Ilia Yu. Tissen ◽  
Polina A. Chepik ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Leila A. Magarramova ◽  
Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive State

INTRODUCTION: Kisspeptins (KISS), a group of brain neuropeptides are involved in sexual behavior. KISS activate the hypothalamic neurons that synthesize gonadotropin releasing hormone. KISS was also detected in the limbic system. Earlier, we showed the activation of sexual motivation after the administration of kisspeptin-10 without increasing the level of testosterone in male rats, which suggests the extrahypothalamic effect of KISS. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of aquisition of conditioned place preference of kisspeptin-10, as well as to study the emotional and investigational behavior in rats after intranasal peptide administration. METHODS: Conditioned place preference test (CPP), open field test (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used in male Wistar rats. RESULTS: When studying CPP, animals spent 78.6 6.3% of the time in the chamber associated with the administration of KISS compared to control animals with administration of physiological saline (51.2% of the experiment time; p 0.05). After kisspeptin-10 administration locomotor activity was 2-fold increased (p 0.05), and the number of sniffings was 2-fold increased too (p 0.05). The parameters did not significantly differ in animals treated with kisspeptin or saline in PCL. CONCLUSION: Thus repeated intranasal administration of kisspeptin-10 induces the aquisition of CPP in rats. This suggests that kisspeptin-10 can cause activity in the reward system or the activation of brain regions associated with this system, which ultimately leads to the formation of an emotionally positive state.

scholarly journals A Role for Matrix Metalloproteinases in Nicotine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference and Relapse in Adolescent Female Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. JEN.S11381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reka Natarajan ◽  
Joseph W. Harding ◽  
John W. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mmp Inhibitor ◽  
Dependent Learning ◽  
Memory Activation

Reconfiguration of extracellular matrix proteins appears to be necessary for the synaptic plasticity that underlies memory consolidation. The primary candidates involved in controlling this process are a family of endopeptidases called matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); however, the potential role of MMPs in nicotine addiction-related memories has not been adequately tested. Present results indicate transient changes in hippocampal MMP-2, -3, and -9 expression following context dependent learning of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). Members of a CPP procedural control group also indicated similar MMP changes, suggesting that memory activation occurred in these animals as well. However, hippocampal MMP-9 expression was differentially elevated in members of the nicotine-induced CPP group on days 4 and 5 of training. Inhibition of MMPs using a broad spectrum MMP inhibitor (FN439) during nicotine-induced CPP training blocked the acquisition of CPP. Elevations in hippocampal and prefrontal cortex MMP-3 expression—but not MMP-2 and -9—accompanied reactivation of a previously learned drug related memory. Decreases in the actin regulatory cytoskeletal protein cortactin were measured in the HIP and PFC during the initial two days of acquisition of CPP; however, no changes were seen following re-exposure to the drug related environment. These results suggest that MMP-9 may be involved in facilitating the intracellular and extracellular events required for the synaptic plasticity underlying the acquisition of nicotine-induced CPP. Furthermore, MMP-3 appears to be important during re-exposure to the drug associated environment. However, rats introduced into the CPP apparatus and given injections of vehicle rather than nicotine during training also revealed a pattern of MMP expression similar to nicotine-induced CPP animals.

scholarly journals Xiangshao Granule Exerts Antidepressive Effects in a Depression Mouse Model by Ameliorating Deficits in Hippocampal BDNF and TrkB

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Xiaoting Wu ◽  
Edouard Collins Nice
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Depression Group ◽  
Antidepressive Effects

This study explores the therapeutic effects of Xiangshao granules in a mouse depression model and examines the potential molecular mechanisms involved. After 21 consecutive days of chronic stress challenge, all mice were divided into three groups: control group, depression group, and Xiangshao granule treatment group. On the 22nd day, rats in the Xiangshao granule treatment group received Xiangshao granules via gastrogavage for 3 consecutive weeks. Depression group mice showed a significant reduction of crossings (P<0.01) but not rearings (P<0.05). Serum CRH, CORT, and ACTH levels were significantly increased in depression mice compared with control (P<0.05) and the expression levels of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB were reduced in the model group (P<0.05). However, Xiangshao granule treatment remarkably rescued the decrease in the body weight (P<0.05), increased crossings in the open field test (P<0.05), upregulated the expression of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB expression, and reduced the serum CRH, CORT, and ACTH concentrations compared with the depression group (P<0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrated that Xiangshao granule could effectively induce antidepressive effects in the depression mouse model by ameliorating the expression of hippocampal BDNF and TrkB.

scholarly journals Effect of fucoidan on ethanol-induced liver injury and steatosis in mice and the underlying mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilan Xue ◽  
Hui Liang ◽  
Zhitong Zhou ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xinjia He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Model Group

Background: Alcoholic liver disease is caused as a result of chronic alcohol consumption. In this study, we used an alcoholic liver injury mouse model to investigate the effect of fucoidan on ethanol-induced liver injury and steatosis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: All mice were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) model group, 3) diammonium glycyrrhizinate treatment group (200 mg/kg body weight), and 4) fucoidan treatment group (300 mg/kg body weight). Administration of ethanol for 8 weeks induced liver injury and steatosis in mice. Results: Fucoidan treatment decreased serum alanine aminotransferase activity, serum total cholesterol levels, and hepatic triglyceride levels, and improved the morphology of hepatic cells. Fucoidan treatment upregulated the expression of AMPKα1, SIRT1, and PGC-1α and inhibited the expression of ChREBP and HNF-1α. The levels of hepatic IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly decreased in the fucoidan group. Further, the levels of cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in hepatic tissues were reduced in the fucoidan group as compared to the model group. Fucoidan significantly reversed the reduction of ileac Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) levels induced by alcohol- feeding and reduced CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) expression and total bile acid levels in the liver tissue. In addition, fucoidan regulated the structure of gut flora, with increased abundance of Prevotella and decreased abundance of Paraprevotella and Romboutsia as detected by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Conclusion: Fucoidan inhibited alcohol-induced steatosis and disorders of bile acid metabolism in mice through the AMPKα1/SIRT1 pathway and the gut microbiota–bile acid–liver axis and protected against alcohol- induced liver injury in vivo.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

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